Media and

Information
Languages
Prepared by : MARK JHON C. OXILLO
Media Languages

- are codes, conventions,

formats, symbols and narrative
structures that indicate the
meaning of media messages
to an audience
CODES
Codes

- are systems of signs that

when put together create
meaning

* Semiotics - study of signs

Types of Codes:

 SYMBOLIC CODES
 WRITTEN CODES
 TECHNICAL CODES
SYMBOLIC CODES

- show what is beneath the surface

of what we see (objects, setting,
body language, clothing, color, etc.
) or iconic symbols that are easily
understood
What does a Red Rose
symbolizes?

A red rose
may convey
Romance or
Love.
What does a Clenched Fist
symbolizes?

A clenched
fist may
convey
Anger.
What does the colors in a
Traffic Light symbolize?

Red – Stop
Green - Go
Yellow - Ready
ACTIVITY
Form 4 groups.
 What to do?

On a 1 whole sheet of paper,

Think of a company name and
illustrate or draw its OWN
symbol/sign/icon, make sure that
it is not copied nor plagiarized
from the Internet or other sources.
 What to do?

You must also include an

explanation of the symbol /
logo used as well at its
function, purpose or meaning.
Start Now …
Types of Codes:

 SYMBOLIC CODES
 WRITTEN CODES
 TECHNICAL CODES
WRITTEN CODES

- use of language style and textual

layout (headlines, captions, speech
bubbles, language style, etc. )
Headlines
Captions
Speech Bubbles
Types of Codes:

 SYMBOLIC CODES
 WRITTEN CODES
 TECHNICAL CODES
 TECHNICAL CODES

- Are ways in which equipment is used

to tell the story
- This includes sound, camera angles,
types of shots and lighting as well as
camera techniques, framing, depth of
field, lighting, exposure and
juxtaposition.
Camera Shots
INSERT CAMERA SHOTS PHOTO HERE
EXTREME LONG SHOT

- Also called extreme wide shots

such as a large crowd scene or
a view of scenery as far as the
horizon
EXTREME LONG SHOT
LONG SHOT

- a view of a situation or setting

from a distance
LONG SHOT
MEDIUM LONG SHOT

- shows a group of people in

interaction with each other,
example: fight scene with part of
their surroundings in the picture
MEDIUM LONG SHOT

FF5
FULL SHOT

- a view of a figure’s entire body in

order to show action and/or a
constellation group of characters
FULL SHOT

Maureen
Wroblewitz
MEDIUM CLOSE SHOT

- shows a subject down to his/her

chest/waist
 MEDIUM CLOSE SHOT

Maureen
Wroblewitz
CLOSE UP SHOT

- a full-screen shot of a subject’s

face showing the finest nuances
of expression
 CLOSE UP SHOT

Pia Wurtzbach
EXTREME CLOSE UP SHOT

- a shot of a hand, eye, mouth, or

any object in detail
EXTREME CLOSE UP SHOT
Camera Shots:

 Extreme Long Shot

 Long Shot
 Medium Long Shot
 Full Shot
 Medium Close Shot
 Close-up Shot
 Extreme Close-up Shot
Point of View
Establishing Shot

- often used at the beginning of a

scene to indicate the location or
setting, it is usually a long shot
taken from a neutral position
Establishing Shot

What does this shot means ?

Point-of-View Shot

- Shows a scene from the

perspective of a character or one
person. Most newsreel footages
are shown from the perspective of
the newscaster.
Point-of-View Shot
Over-the-Shoulder Shot

- Often used in dialogue scenes, a

frontal view of a dialogue partner
from the perspective of someone
standing behind and slightly to the
side of the other partner, so that
parts of both can be seen
Over-the-Shoulder Shot
Reaction Shot

- Short shot of a character’s

response to an action
Reaction Shot
Insert Shot

- A detail shot which quickly gives

visual information necessary to
understand the meaning of a
scene
Insert Shot
Reverse-Angle Shot

- a shot from the opposite

perspective
Reverse-Angle Shot
Hand-held Camera Shot

- The camera is not mounted on a

tripod and instead is held by the
cameraperson, resulting in less
stable shots
Hand-held Camera Shot
Point of View:

 Establishing Shot
 Point-of-View Shot / POV Shot
 Over-the-Shoulder Shot
 Reaction Shot
 Insert Shot
 Reverse-Angle Shot
 Hand-Held Camera shot
Camera Angles
Aerial Shot

- Overhead Shot
- Also called Bird’s Eye Shot
- Long or extreme long shot of the
ground from the air
Aerial Shot
High-Angle Shot

- Shows people or objects from

above higher than eye level
High-Angle Shot
Low-Angle Shot

- Below Shot
- Shows people or objects from
below, lower than eye level
Low-Angle Shot
Eye-Level Shot

- Straight-on Angle
- Views a subject from the level of a
person’s eye
Eye-Level Shot
Camera Angles

 Aerial Shot
 High-Angle Shot
 Low-Angle Shot
 Eye-Level Shot
Camera
Movements
Pan Shot

- The camera pans (moves

horizontally) from left to right or
vice versa across the picture
Pan Shot
Tilt Shot

- The camera tilts up (moves

upwards) or tilts down (moves
downwards) around a vertical line
Tilt Shot
Tracking Shot

- The camera follows along next

to or behind a moving object or
person
Tracking Shot
Zoom

- The stationary camera

approaches a subject by
“zooming in” or moves farther
away by “zooming out”.
Zoom
Zoom
Camera Movements:

 Pan Shot
 Tilt Shot
 Tracking Shot
 Zoom
CONVENTIONS
CONVENTIONS

- Refers to a standard or norm

that acts as a rule governing
behaviour
- Are generally established and
accepted ways of doing
something
MESSAGE

- the information sent to a

receiver from a source
AUDIENCE

- the group of consumers for whom

the media message was constructed
as well as anyone else who is
exposed to the message
PRODUCERS

- People engaged in the process of

creating and putting together media
content to make a finished media
product
STAKEHOLDERS

- Libraries, archives, museums,

internet and other relevant
information providers.
END