RINA Book Laboratories and Pilot Plants

Laboratories &
Pilot Plants
RINA provides certification,
testing, inspection and consulting
services across the Energy,
Marine, Certification, Transport &
Infrastructure and Industry sectors
through a global network of 170
offices in 65 countries.
RINA is a member of key

international organizations and an
important contributor to the
development of new legislative
standards.
Partner of choice for any project in which materials and technologies
play a critical role. With over 500 consultants and engineers and almost
30 state-of-the-art laboratories and pilot plants we are able to test
complete industrial cycles and our experts can implement innovative
solutions directly in our Clients’ plants. Offering powerful capabilities
to any company looking to develop new materials and processes, apply
innovative manufacturing techniques and embrace future technologies.
CONTENTS
4. TESTING OVERVIEW
7. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
9. METALLOGRAPHY
13. MECHANICAL TESTING LAB AND CREEP
15. SPECIAL TESTS FOR O&G (PREMIUM CONNECTION)
17. FULL SCALE TESTING FOR PIPELINE & COMPONENTS
23. FULL SCALE HARSH ENVIRONMENT
25. WELDING AND JOINING & NDT
29. ELECTROCHEMISTRY & CORROSION
33. SURFACE TREATMENT & CORROSION PROTECTION
37. HYDROGEN
39. TRIBOLOGY
41. CABLES
43. ELECTRICAL
45. ON-SITE ELECTRICAL TESTING
47. ELECTRONICS
49. MAGNETIC MEASUREMENT
51. POLYMERS
53. COMPOSITES
55. CERAMIC
57. REFRACTORY
59. MELTING TECHNOLOGIES & PROTOTYPING
63. SPECIAL COATINGS
67. ROLLING & FORMING
69. HEAT TREATMENTS
71. COMBUSTION
75. ENVIRONMENTAL PLATFORM
77. INDUSTRIAL ADVANCED MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
79. RENEWABLE ENERGY
3
TESTING OVERVIEW
With a history going back 150 years, the RINA is a global corporation that provides engineering, consultancy testing,
inspection and certification services. RINA is the result of the integration of a number of internationally respected
companies including D’Appolonia, Centro Sviluppo Materiali, Edif ERA (ERA Technology), G.E.T., Logmarin Advisors,
OST Energy, Polaris, SC Sembenelli Consulting and Seatech, to mention those active in consulting engineering.
Working alongside Clients as a trusted technical partner, we provide a wide range of traditional and innovative
services to critical industry sectors, including steel, oil & gas, power, renewables, space & defence and transport &
infrastructure.
Our talented professionals give us the depth of experience across engineering disciplines to support Clients at each
phase of their project - from initial concepts and design, through to operation, maintenance and decommissioning.
We are committed to providing services that are of the highest quality for our Clients, creating added value for
their business through our technical advice and support - managing risk, operating safely, in a sustainable way and
optimising performance.
PROCESS SIMULATION & SPECIAL TESTING
Deep know how in simulation of industrial processes for the development and the optimization of innovative
materials and processes
Extensive experience and wide capability in special testing and fit for purpose experimental activities in the main
Industrial sectors, such as: metallurgical validation of new special steels and alloys, testing and development of
polymeric materials, design of innovative pilot plants and special testing equipment, reduction of environmental
impact
Consolidated and world-renowned know-how and expertise in steel and special alloy: melting, casting, hot rolling,
descaling, thermal treatment, rolling and pickling, application and use
4
OUR APPROACH
Our mission is to be the partner of choice for any project in which materials and technologies play a critical role. We
can offers powerful capabilities to any company looking to develop new materials and processes, apply innovative
manufacturing techniques and embrace future technologies. We are engaged in innovation field mainly related
to the modeling and design of materials and products, optimization and development of processes, metallurgical
design of special steels and alloys, development of innovative pilot plants, special testing equipment and reduction
of environmental impact. With over 500 consultants and engineers and almost 30 state-of-the-art laboratories and
pilot plants we are able to reproduce complete industrial cycles and our experts can implement innovative solutions
directly in our Clients’ plants, through a worldwide recognized know how and expertise on steel and alloys production,
application and use, particularly in sectors like Steelmaking, Oil&Gas, Energy, Automotive, Space, Defence, Railway,
Marine.
All the studies, simulations, processing, preparation of samples and mock-ups, and all the test phases are carried
out within our facility. In this way, a continuous and very fast exchange of results is established among the various
competence areas involved in the project phases. Our engineers and technicians gain hands-on experience at
production sites. By keeping in touch with the production environment we are able to understand and quickly solve
problems and to conceive, put forward and implement solutions to enhance the competitiveness of our clients. Tools
ranging from advanced simulation models to laboratory tests, up to full-scale trials are available. Interdisciplinary and
multi- scale are two concepts which embody the essence of our activity. An ability to listen, competence, dedication
and creativity are the other components of our success and of that of our clients and partners. We collaborate
with both manufacturing and plant engineering companies of all sizes and in all locations. We operate across the
whole production chain of any materials and related technologies taking into consideration smart manufacturing
technologies such as big data, analytics and additive manufacturing. We provide also innovative solutions for energy
efficiency and special waste treatment and valorization on a pilot and industrial scale.
Thanks to a comprehensive knowledge of materials and extensive laboratory capabilities, ranging from nanoscale
to full scale, our specialists can provide a broad range of material selection services for specific technological
applications. We conduct testing to qualify materials and provide experimental evidence of resistance against damage
mechanisms, including those related to operation in very severe environments and extreme loading conditions. Fit
for purpose testing and new testing development to answer to specific requirements for material or component
performances. By on site investigation and monitoring we help our Clients identify operating envelopes for diverse
industrial applications, addressing enhanced safety in real operating conditions and also focusing on cost saving.
Finally, thanks to multidisciplinary teams and deep knowledge of applications across all sectors we create value for
our Clients by cross-fertilizing ideas between different markets.
5
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Standard and non-standard tests for material characterisation, selection and improved performances (i.e.
corrosion prevention and protection)
Simulation on pilot scale of industrial process in steel making, casting, hot-rolling, thermal treatments, cold
rolling, pickling, painting, coating and drawing
Fit for purpose testing to answer to specific requirements for material or component performances
Fit for service experimental activity in Industrial sector to evaluate product and material performances in field
extreme application
Development of new testing methodologies and systems
On site metallurgy (replication, hardness and coating thickness) and life assessment
On site investigation and monitoring
Design, construction and start-up of pilot plants or systems
Root cause analysis and failure investigation
STANDARDS & ACCREDITATIONS
ISO 9001
ISO 9100
ISO/IEC 17025
ACHILLES
Sites:
Leatherhead (UK)
Castel Romano & Nettuno, RM (Italy)
Terni (Italy)
Dalmine, BG (Italy)
Perdasdefogu, CA (Italy)
Lamezia Terme, CZ (Italy)
Pomigliano D’Arco, NA (Italy)
6
Analytical
Chemistry
7
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Qualitative, quantitative, volumetric, instrumental on Steel, iron ore, slag, metal alloys
Analysis of C, S, O, N, H, elements majority, minority, trace
Process solutions: metal speciation, analysis of anions, cations, organic compounds (phenols and IPA)
Process solutions: metal speciation, analysis of anions, cations, organic compounds (phenols and IPA)
Water: metals, anions, cations, COD, ultrapure, phenols in drinking water, industrial, exhaust
Soils and waste: qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds, metals and elements majority, minority, trace
Gas: gas chromatographic analysis and determination of gaseous constituents in the flue of the fireplace and process gas
MAIN FACILITIES
ICP-OES, perkin elmer optima 3300 DV. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
HACH LANGE DR2800, laboratory analysis spectrophotometer
HP 6890 GC system HP and mass spectrometer 5973. Gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy
ICP-MS 7700 agilent thecnologies
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Ion cromatography DX 120 dionex
DIONEX ACE 200 accelerated solvent
Extraction system
MAIN FACILITIES
FKV ETHOS 1 milestone, microwave oven

Diffusible H - RC414 LECO instrument
O,N,H determinator - TCH600 LECO instrument
C, S - CS600 LECO instrument
X - Ray fluorescence spectrometry, Philips MGIXPro
Automated glass bead casting Philips Perl’X3
Pulverizer herzog and HERZOG pellet pres for the preparation of samples for x - ray fluorescence analyses
GDOES (GLOW DISCHARGE OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY)
Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD - OES) is an efficient method for the quantitative analysis of
the element composition of a material. It is a technique to measure surface, depth (up to 100µm ) profile and bulk
composition of constituent elements in a solid sample by detecting emissions from atoms accommodated in plasma
by sputtering. At RINA Consulting - Centro Sviluppo Materiali lab it is available a GDOES with RF sputtering source:
this allows to extend the analysis from metals to also to non - conductive substrates including semiconductors,
polymer coatings, ceramics, glass, etc.
8
Metallography
9
METALLOGRAPHY
OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
Specimen preparation (cutting, polishing, etching)

Evaluation of defects
Qualitative and quantitative assessment of inclusions (eg. E45, E2283)
Hardness and micro hardness measurements
Quantification of microstructure features as per ASTM standards (grain size, amount of phases)
Failure analysis and root cause analysis
Condition assessment and remaining life assessment
Experience in a wide range of sectors and components
sample preparation failure analysis qualified team
DILATOMETRY
Determination of CCT and TTT diagrams

Evaluation of the effect of deformation on phase transformation
Microstructure evolution in complex thermal cycles
Effect of high heating and cooling rates
NANOSCOPY & TEM
RESOLUTION (point to point): 0.19 nm

ACCELERATING VOLTAGE: 300 kV
ELECTRON GUN: Field Emission
SPOT SIZE: 0.4nm
Single & Double tilt Be specimens holder
In - column energy filter (EF-TEM, EELS)
HAADF
XEDS
SADP - NBED - CBED
IMAGING: fluorescent screen, film plate and on axis CCD camera (2k x
2k)
specimens preparation
10
METALLOGRAPHY
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
W, LaB6 and FEG sources

High resolution instruments
EDS and WDS detectors for micro - analytical characterisation
EBSD detector for crystallographic characterisation (phases identification, grain and sub - grain size determination
in complex phases, texture analyses)
Fractography
Evaluation of particle size distribution and composition by integrated and customised tools
Scanning electron microscopes
High resolution micrographs
MICROSTRUCTURE EXAMINATION
Identification of microstructural constituents (e.g. upper / lower Bainite)

Size, morphology, crystal structure and topology of phases
Effect of thermo-mechanical treatments on the microstructure (coherent/incoherent precipitation, dislocation
density, etc.)
Orientation relationships (precipitate/matrix, grain/grain)
Particles identification, size distribution and determination of geometrical parameters
XEDS (X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer) qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of particles and
phases
11
METALLOGRAPHY
triple joints of a 15 CR steel γ & γ’ phase in NI base alloy lath of tempered martensite
8-9 CR steel
X - RAY DIFFRACTION
X - Ray powder diffractometry (Co, Cu and Mo anodes)

Qualitative and quantitative phase analysis
Identification of crystal phases (ICDD database)
Determination of direct pole figures and texture analysis by ODF
FIELD METALLOGRAPHY
Portable site microscope

Smart phone app for microscope image capture and processing
Portable gardness testers
Portable field metallography equipment (110v and cordless systems)
On - site assessment and Interpretation
Microscope endoscopic probe systems
Specific RAMS procedures
Inspection planning and management
Rapid mobilisation to site
specialist trained technicans and engineers
12
Mechanical
Testing & Creep
13
MECHANICAL TESTING & CREEP
Servo hydraulic testing machines, 100 - 2500 kN capacity

Mechanical testing at low and high temperature (tension, compression, bending). Hardness survey
Fracture mechanics (CharpyV, KIC, CTOD, J-int. measured by SENB and SENT specimen, segment test)
Creep and creep-fatigue on metallic and ceramic materials up to +1500°C
Fatigue (constant and variable amplitude, HLC, LCF and TMF)
Multi plastic straining cycling (reproducing plastic strain history of interest)
Multiaxial fatigue testing on large scale components (pipes, plates, rails, welded joints)
Modelling and evaluation of the mechanical behaviour of materials and components on both small and large scale
by means of conventional and innovative testing
Tests can be carried out in a temperature range from -196°C up to +1500°C or simulating services life environment
(air, saline fogs, sea water, cathodic protection)
creep testing lab environmentally assisted cracking test CP
ship welded plate fatigue test internal pressure fatigue test
rail bar fatigue test bending test after damage
14
Special Tests for O&G
(Premium Connection)
15
SPECIAL TESTS FOR O&G (PREMIUM CONNECTION)
PREMIUM CONNECTION TESTING - BUCKING UNIT
Equipment main features
OD: from 2 3/8” to 14”

Max torque 68 kN·m (50000 lb· ft)
Dedicated PC for data acquisition
Non marking jaws for CRA materials available
PREMIUM CONNECTION TESTING - LOAD FRAME
MAXIMUM SPECIMEN DIMENSIONS: L = 2000 mm , OD = 356 mm (14”)

MAXIMUM LOADING CAPACITY: 13 MN tension
10 MN compression
2 bending systems (max. 70 kN·m and 300 kN·m )
6 PRESSURE INTENSIFIERS: 2 gas (N2); 32 hydraulic, max. pressure 2400 bar gas, 2500 hydraulic
External pressure applicable up to 2500 bar, also at elevated temperature
Data acquisition system fully integrated with the frame control system
Bending system
4 points bending system available

Max bending capacity 300 kN·m
Single-side bending arms with one hydraulic actuator and in-line load cell
Automatic compensation of axial load induced by bending system
PREMIUM CONNECTION TESTING - LOAD FRAME
HEATING: electric resistance pads

TMAX: 335 °C
COOLING: forced air
combined load frame for testing on premium connection testing make

premium connection on sample up - break out station
16
Full Scale Testing for
Pipeline & Components
17
FULL SCALE TESTING FOR PIPELINE & COMPONENTS
TESTING OVERVIEW
Well Offsore Onshore
OCTG testing Risers fatigue Bending test

Make and break unit Multi-loading frame 3000 tons Third party interference
Multi loading frame 1300 tons Thermal loading External damage and EAC
Thermal loading
SIMULATOR OF MECHANICAL DAMAGE
Computer controlled
Testing in both static and dynamic conditions (max impact speed 6 m/s)
Tri-axial load cell, maximum load capacity 100 tons
Trajectory defined by the user via computer
Trajectory in transverse plane controlled by the user to simulate different impacting objects (excavators, etc.)
Adjustable pipe orientation
Use of real excavator tooth
Different pipe diameters, range 12” - 54”
Tests with or without internal pressure (300 bar max, filled by water)
PRESSURE CONTAINMENT ASSESSMENT
Hydraulic test until failure
Pressurisations with water, CO2

Up to 2000 bar
Fracture onset with hydraulic jack system or calibrated defect
Pipeline section up to 56” (36”, 48”)
Global circumferential straining
Fracture surface analysis
Pipe strain field
Pipe pressure trend
CHAMBER FOR HIGH PRESSURE COLLAPSE TESTING
Features
External chambers designed to comply with ISO/TR 10400 or API TR 5C3 standards for high pressure collapse
tests on small - large diameter pipes. Press max 2300 bar, length from 1.5 to 4.5 m, OD 2 3/8” to 14”
The annular flanges design does prevent from introducing axial restraint and/or loads on the sample
External chamber designed to comply with ISO/TR 10400 or API TR 5C3 standards for high pressure collapse
tests on large diameter pipes
Gateways located on the external chamber body to allow the passage of probes installed on sample outside
surface
18
ENVIRONMENTALLY AND MICROBIOLOGICALLY ASSISTED CRACKING
Investigation of the susceptibility of damaged linepipe, subjected to cathodic protection and internal pressure
fluctuations, to embrittlement due to hydrogen.
Pressure cycling
Cathodic protection
Current measurement
NDT inspection
Coating
Bacteria sulphate reduction
cathode - protected pipe accelerated ageing test in reproduced environment
REPAIRING SYSTEM DESIGN AND TESTING
Hydraulic test until Failure
Pressurizations with water, CO2

Up to 2000 bar
Fracture Injection with hydraulic jack system
Pipe strain field
Pipe pressure trend
Global circumferential straining
FOUR POINT BEND TESTING ON LARGE OD PIPE FRAME
Four point bending (constant moment over the test pipe) on pipes up to 56” and API 5L X100 grade
internal pressure up to 350 bar (large OD) or 1000 bar (less than 14”)
Test on full length pipe body, girth weld or hot/cold bend
Max tension load: 4000 kN for each jack (8000 kN in total)
Max hydraulic jack stroke: 5 m; moving hinges
Test at ambient and low temperature
19
SERVICE CONDITIONS SIMULATION OF LARGE OD PIPELINE
Two high grade high pressure test sections 220m and 550m long (Pmax 15.0 MPa) buried as real pipeline
Cathodic protection evaluation on buried coated pipeline
Assessment of new inspection technologies
DUCTILE FRACTURE PROPAGATION CONTROL
Burst test
Fracture Injection with hydraulic jack system or explosive charge device

Pressurisation with air, Natural gas, CO2
Max pressure 300 bar
Pipe strain field
Pipe shape
Crack speed
Pipe pressure trend
PICPRO® - fracture propagation modelling of crack tip region and crack arrestor
UNDERWATER DUCTILE FRACTURE CONTROL
Burst test
Fracture Injection with hydraulic jack system

Pressurisation with air, natural gas, CO2
Pipeline section up to 36”
Pipe Pressure trend
Max depth 30 m
Pipe strain field
Pipe shape
Crack speed
20
DROP WEIGHT TEAR TEST (DWTT)
Burst Test
Max fall height: 4 m

Max Impact energy available: 29,000 Joule
Test at low temperature using a cryogenic chamber (up to – 160 °C)
CO2 BURST TEST
Testing site inside Nettuno shooting range (Rome)
Testing line OD 24”, 220m long

CO2 pumping system up to 120 bar
Recirculating system
Contaminant injection (N2)
Pressure temperature monitoring
Environment monitoring, solar radiation, CO2%, temperature, wind speed and direction
Crack arrestor on both side
Video footage
COMBINED LOADING FRAME
SAMPLE OD: 8”-20”

SAMPLE LENGTH: 2-5 m
MAX. TENSILE LOAD: 2500 tons
MAX. COMPRESSION LOAD: 3000 tons
MAX. BENDING MOMENT: 300 300 ton•m
MAX. EXTERNAL PRESSURE: 600 bars
MAX. INTERNAL PRESSURE: 2000 bar
Bending fatigue, frequency ~0.01 Hz
RESONANT FATIGUE FRAME
Sample diameter range: 6”-24”

Single bending plane
Rotating bending plane
Strain gauge instrumentation
Computer controlled, open loop with engine inverter drive
Electric drive 6.7 kW, up to 3,000 round per minute
Max. internal pressure: 2000 bar
Max frequency ~ 50 Hz
21
LARGE SCALE FRACTURE MECHANICS
Weld with
defect
test at low temperature cooling four point full scale bending test
down the sample to -20°C
Wide plate tests on large OD Pipes (up to 36”)
WEST JEFFERSON TEST
Testing site inside Nettuno shooting range (Rome)
Cooling chamber up to -30°C

Cooling systems up to -60°C
Defect onset with explosive charge
Pressure Transducers
Internal and external Thermocouples
Video footage
Nil Ductility Temperature determination
Brittle - to - ductile transition temperature determination
RESIDUAL STRESS ANALYSIS
Available methods for residual stress measurement
Strain gauge methods (Hole drilling, Sachs, sectioning, etc.)

X-Ray Diffraction System (XRD)
22
Full Scale
Harsh Environment
23
FULL SCALE HARSH ENVIRONMENT
PRESSURE CYCLING OF WET SOUR GAS
Maximum OD: 36”

Maximum Pressure: 200 bar
Wet Sour Gas Cycling (i.e. CH4, H2S, CO2, H2, H20, etc.)
Ambient Temperature
Frequency: ~2 cycles / hour
H2S pressure cycling

CO2 PLANT UNIT
Testing Capacity
Three different closed loop lines for pressure cycling tests

Possibility to test on:
Full scale Pipes up to 36” OD with internal coating piping polymeric

Hoses
Small specimen, coated panels
Stress corrosion tests (Nace)
Sudden pressure decay, coating blistering
Possibility to add contaminants to CO2 (Water, H2S, NOx, SOx, etc.)

Blow down system
Pressure cycling for 12 months
Pump system up to 25 MPa
RAPID GAS DECOMPRESSION TEST
Test on full - scale samples according with the experimental needs

Test at high - pressure with gas (N2, CH4, CO2, different mixtures) or water
Max pressure with gas 2,400 bar (1) (CO2 supercritical up to 300 bar, CH4 up to 600 bar, N2 up to 2400 bar)
Depressurization performed at controlled pressure drop rate or sudden decompression according to the needs
High pressure system designed for the use with CNG
High pressure system designed to switch from gas to water in pressure, in order to increase the sudden pressure
decay (Critical condition)
Test rig fully compliant to ATEX requirements (explosive ambient)
Heating systems to fix the temperature
Note: (1) Max pressure could be reduced according to the gas mixture (for example max pressure with H2S is 600 bar)
CO2 GAS DECOMPRESSION RIG
12m pipe with internal pig to separate CO2 and N2 phase

200 bar N2 pressure
Possibility of high CO2 quantity at constant pressure
Rapid decompression leak test
Pressure, Temperature monitoring
Environmental parameters: thermal heating, %O2, %CO2, Wind speed and direction, Solar radiation
24
Welding and
Joining & NDT
25
WELDING AND JOINING & NDT
WELDING TECHNOLOGIES
CO2 laser sources up to 6kW of maximum power

Nd: YAG laser up to 4.4 kW with fibre beam transmission
Coupling with either Cartesian or 6-axis robots
Laser or laser - arc hybrid welding
Filler material addition
LASER WELDING
laser welded T-butt laser welded lap continuous laser application of

joint Alu 6056 - T6 alloy joint Nimonic 86 stiffener edges and stainless steel
panel with a partial penetration
HYBRID WELDING
Laser (CO2 / Nd:YAG Fiber Disk)
High welding speed

Low heat input
Deep, narrow weld
Low Distorsions
Hybrid Process (laser + arc) Arc (GMAW)
Increasing of gap bridging Low cost conventional source

Increasing of welding speed Filler material fusion:
Reduced distortions Good tolerance for fit - up variations
Less severe thermal cycles Possibility to improve fused zone composition
26
WELDING AND JOINING & NDT
thickness: 25.4 mm LB - GMA welded joint section thickness: 9.5 mm

welding speed: 2 m/min (UNS S32205, v: 1.20 m/min, welding speed: 0.9 m/min
root thickness: 7 mm Q=0.77 kJ/mm, ER2209, oxalic acid
electrolytic etching)
FRICTION STIR WELDING
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process. FSW is a welding method based on friction and stirring
phenomena. The rotating tool is translated along the interface between two materials to be joined:
Down force 25 kN
Welding speeds max 2000 mm/min
Tool rotation speed max 2000 RPM
The welding dimension 2000x400 mm
NDT
NDT devices to study and qualify both the welding process and its product
Industrial radiography (160 KV minifocus, 300 KV minifocus)

Ultrasonic control pulse echo TOFD
Magnetoscopic control
Penetrant dye control
27
NOTE
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28
Electrochemistry
& Corrosion
29
ELECTROCHEMISTRY & CORROSION
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Linear resistance polarisation technique

Depassivation - repassivation time assessment
Electrochemical noise measurements
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Potentiodynamic and potentyostatic polarisation measurements
Hydrogen cathodic charging
Metal dissolution
CORROSION
General and localised corrosion
Flow loop corrosion tests

Immersion corrosion tests in static conditions (weight loss method, pitting and crevice evaluation)
Long term campaigns: Simulated operating conditions performed in static and dynamic condition
Assessment of hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) resistance + sulphide stress cracking (SSC) + stress oriented
hydrogen induced cracking (SOHIC):
nitrogen chambers dead weight HIC tests in glass vessels according

for proof ring devices devices to NACE TM 0284
SSC resistance tests according Electrochemical impedance Potentiodynamic measurement

to NACE TM0177 method A diagram
30
STRESS CORROISON
Autoclave facilities for severe sour service testing
Stress corrosion cracking & sulphide stress corrosion cracking tests
Nace Method A (proof ring, dead weight)

Four-point bent beam, C-ring
Slow strain rate test (SSRT) (Strain rate: 10-3 ¸ 10-8 mm*s-1)
13 autoclaves up to 25 L capacity
4 autoclaves with slow strain rate device for a total of 6 test positions
500°C maximum temperature
600°C maximum pressure
High pressure gas lines (N2, CO2, CH4, H2, pure H2S, Pure CO2, H2S / CO2 pre mixed gas mixture)
H2S heated gas line
High pressure autoclave tests under bubbling
20L autoclave SSR testing device in 20 L autoclave
HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION AND CORROSION
Main facilities
Salt spray chamber environmental testing, cyclic oxidation furnaces, high temperature furnace (quartz chamber)
high temperature furnace cyclic oxidation salt spray chamber

(quartz chamber) furnaces environmental testing
31
HP - HT TESTING EQUIPMENTS
Specifications
Sample
Autoclaves Purpose
Capacity Max P Max T Test Size/shape
Liter MPa (PSI) °C (F) Solutions
1 1.3 8 (1160) 300 (579) NACE HP/HT Corrosion

solution, etc. SSC HP/HT
Scale simulating scale
2 2.5 20 (2901) 300 (570) dissolver dissolver test
Shell
3 5 30 (4351) 300 (570) bend,
U-Bend,
1 3 30 (4351) 300 (570) FPBB,
DCB, HP/HT
C-ring, Corrosion/SSC
1 10 15 (2175) 250 (475) Pitting &
NACE
Crevice
solution, etc.
1 10 60 (8702) 500 (932) flat
coupons.
HP/HT Corrosion
2 20 20 (2901) 300 (570)
SSC - Rotating cage
HP/HT Corrosion/
2 25 30 (4351) 250 (475)
SSC
32
Surface Treatment
& Corroison Protection
33
SURFACE TREATMENT & CORROISON PROTECTION
STRIP CLEANING PILOT PLANT
Simulator of industrial metal strip cleaning for Electrical, Carbon and Stainless Steel, Aluminium, Titanium.
Main features
Simulated Line speed: 5 - 200 m / min

Spray and brushing alkali cleaning, spray and brushing rinse
Electrolytic cleaning (up to 100A / dm2)
Sample size: 0.5-3x220x400mm
Max alkali solution and demineralized water temperature: 100°C
CONTINUOUS ELECTROLITYC SURFACE TREATMENTS SIMULATION
Simulation of DC and AC electrolytic industrial treatments for flat metals, such as pickling, degreasing, oxidizing and
coating.
210 A time - polarity programmable DC and AC suppliers

3D full scale cell modeling of current distribution for high efficiency tank design
3D electrolytic current distribution
PAINTING FACILITIES
Surface preparation and Painting
Batch degreasing / phosphating units

Electro deposition (ED) paint equipment
Spray painting units for liquid and powder paints
Bar / dip coating
Programmable oven units
Paint characterisation
Densimeters
Viscometers
Compositional analysis (solid content, pigment analysis)
34
SURFACE TREATMENT & CORROISON PROTECTION
ORGANIC COATING TESTING FACILITIES
Coating surface & micro-structure
Morphology and micro - analysis (SEM / EDX)

Aesthetical properties (color and gloss)
Wettability
Surface cleanability
Failure analysis
Physical & Mechanical characterization
Thickness, hardness, scratch and abrasion resistance

Adhesion test
Formability
Impact resistance
taber abrasion tester impact tester salt spray cabinet
PLASTICS & ADHESIVES MECHANICAL TESTING
Mechanical testing of plastics, rubber, textiles, films, adhesives
Load range 0,5N÷10.000N

Tensile test
3-points / 4-points bending test
Peel test
Compression test
Fatigue test
High temperature testing (up to 250°C)
tensile test of plastic specimen
35
NOTE
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36
Hydrogen
37
HYDROGEN
In 2017 a new testing lab has been built, with the objective to test materials and full scale components to be used in
the transportation and storage of hydrogen at high pressure (up to 1000 bar). The lab is located in a new dedicated
building, with the possibility to be remotely and operated by automated procedures.
CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR HYDROGEN
Tensile tests, fatigue tests and fracture mechanics tests on specimens in autoclave
Operating conditions:
TEMPERATURE: 20 °C ÷ 150 °C
PRESSURE: up to 1000 bar
GAS COMPOSITION: ultrapure H2; H2 with contaminants; gas mixtures
Alternative Current Potential Drop (ACPD) Crack Growth Monitoring for fracture mechanics tests
The technique relies upon the passage of a current through the specimen under test and upon the measurement of
the resultant voltage drop across its surface. The technique allows for a very sensitive monitoring of crack initiation
and propagation on samples exposed at high pressure of hydrogen (and many other different environments), when
traditional measurement techniques are not usable.
Qualification of nanomaterials with ultrahigh porosity addressed at improving storage capacity at low pressure
Continuous cycles of filling / empting of autoclaves with filling nanomaterials.

Mass flow controller for the measurement of additional storage capacity
Full scale characterizations of components (vessels cylinders, tubes) storage and conveyance of hydrogen and
other gas mixtures
Full scale tests of filling / emptying

CYCLES N°: 1 ÷ ∞
Testing of cylinders with / without selected defects
Testing in safe area by nitrogen inerting in autoclave
38
Tribology
39
TRIBOLOGY
Room temperature (cyclic) sliding wear
Sliding reciprocating test

Ring (or Block) on Ring test
Tribocorrosion test
High temperature (cyclic) sliding wear
Ring (or Block) on Ring test

Thermal fatigue test
ring on ring test block on ring test tribometer for fast reciprocating
linear stroke and high load
UNIVERSAL MICRO TRIBOMETER
The tribometer allows to evaluate the main parameters influencing the wear phenomena such as the friction
coefficient, the wear rate, the wear resistance of a material
The device can measure the applied forces on the contact and evaluate the friction coefficient. The test is
performed according to the ASTM G99 normative
Different contact conditions can be simulated: ball on flat and pin on flat in standard conditions. Specific contact
condition can be simulated depending on the possibility to construct the dedicated sample holder
Temperature can be controlled from R.T. to 1000 °C
Grease and lubricant can be tested up to 350 °C
Comparative Hardness testing up to 1000 °C in fluxed Argon atmosphere
All the data are monitored and acquired by a specific UMT software
Load: 2 - 1000 N with a resolution of 50 mN (5g)
Vertical position
MAX STROKE: 150 mm

SPEED: 0,002-10 mm / sec
POSITIONING ACCURACY: from 1 mm up to 50nm (depending on encoder)
Side positioning
MAX STROKE: 25 mm
SPEED: 0,002-10 mm/s
POSITIONING ACCURACY: 2mm
Temperature: R.T. up to 1000 °C
40
Cables
41
CABLES
Partial discharge testing up to 80 kV in screened room

Voltage withstand testing up to 80 kV
Electrical breakdown testing
Short circuit testing up to 42.5 kA @ 35 V for < 2 s
Nail penetration testing
High current transformers for heat cycling and temperature rise testing
Tan delta testing
Time domain reflectometry (TDR) testing
Insulation resistance (IR) and polarisation index (PI) measurements at up to 5 kV
Extensive facilities for root cause cable failure investigations
42.5 kA short circuit plant TDR cable testing Fault in HV cable insulation
42
Electrical
43
ELECTRICAL
Fuse test rigs

Impulse testing at 8/20 μs short-circuit at up to 4 kA and 1.2/50 μs open-circuit at up to 8 kV
Lamp testing
MV short circuit testing up to 10 kA (1.1 MVA)
Temperature rise testing
Electrical endurance testing/load cycling
High speed data acquisition systems for voltages, currents and temperatures
Testing at “point-on-wave” using a state-of-the-art electronic switching unit and bespoke timing sequences
A comprehensive range of UKAS calibrated instrumentation
Extensive facilities for root cause failure investigations on LV and HV electrical equipment
electrical safety testing impulse testing MV short circuit plant
44
On-Site
Electrical Testing
45
ON - SITE ELECTRICAL TESTING
Condition assessment and failure analysis of HV and LV transformers, motors, generators, cables and accessories,
overhead lines, switchgear, batteries , battery chargers, CTs and VTs
Visual inspections
Online partial discharge surveys
Thermal imaging
Oil analysis (sampling and results analysis)
TDR and OTDR measurements
Assignment of health indices, remnant life estimations and risk indices for all HV assets
Earthing system design - site measurements and surveys
partial discharge testing of 11 kV cable and switchgear partial discharge testing of 11 kV cable
condition assessment of HV transformer TDR testing
electrical earthing survey assessment of overhead line fittings
46
Electronics
47
ELECTRONICS
Providing a comprehensive analysis and forensic investigation service to manufacturers and users of electronic
and electrical systems:
Ion chromatography
Infra-red microscopy
Component electrical testing equipment
Micro-section preparation
Contamination analysis
Component failure analysis
Capacitor analysis
Battery analysis
Fire investigation
Component decapsulation
Analysis of PCB construction including laminate quality, solder mask, tracks and vias
Assessment of solder quality e.g. IPC-610 assessment
RoHS analysis
Forensic investigation and root cause analysis
Counterfeit component assessment
electron microscope assessment example of IC decapsulation

of BGA micro section
high voltage flashover in thin film capacitor silver migration in white light LED
48
Magnetic
Measurement
49
MAGNETIC MEASUREMENT
MAGNETIC MEASUREMENT FACILITES
RINA Consulting - CSM Magnetic Measurement Lab is the operating unit of a qualified center of competence for
research in the field of Magnetism and Magnetic Material. The laboratory plays a fundamental role in the study and
exploitation of the relation between magnetic properties and microstructure of Electrical Steel Sheets.
TYPICAL SERVICES
Standard magnetic characterization (IEC 60404-2; IEC 60404-3)

Core losses separation
Interaction between magnetic properties with both microstructure and texture
Magnetostriction characterization (IEC TR 62581 Ed 1.0)
Evaluation of the magnetostriction contribution to acoustic noise in transformers
STANDARD MAGNETIC CHARACTERIZATION
EPSTEIN Frame (IEC 60404-2)

Single Sheet Tester (SST 500x500 mm - IEC 60404-3)
Small Single Sheet Tester (SST 30x280 mm - 10÷150 Hz)
Mini Single Sheet Tester (SST 30x90 mm - 10÷1000 Hz)
Polarization range: J=0.1÷2.0 T

Magnetic Field: H ≤15000 A/m)
MAGNETOSTRICTION CHARACTERIZATION
This facility allows to evaluate Magnetostriction signal by means of laser displacement meter having a resolution
better than 10 nm. The Magnetostriction contribution to Acoustic Noise in Transformers is calculated after FFT
analysis in terms of A-weighted magnetostriction velocity level LaV or A-weighted magnetostriction acceleration
level LaA (IEC TR 62581 Ed 1.0).
Yoke length: 470mm

Sample size:100x660 mm (thickness 0.23÷0.65mm)
Laser displacement meter
Abs. Sensibility: ±2.5nm
Rel. Sensibility: ∆l/l»5.3*10-9
Polarization: J= 0.01T ÷1.95T

Magnetic Field: H=<10 kA/m
Frequency: f=50÷150Hz
50
Polymers
POLYMERS
POLYMERIC MATERIALS TESTING
Tensile testing (up to 200 kN, or fitted with a 1 kN load cell, accurate to ±0.25%, for testing delicate components)
Ageing ovens
Environmental conditioning from -40°C to 250°C (or 1200°C for small samples)
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
Water content testing through the Karl Fischer process
Comparative tracking index
Density testing
geosynthetic material differential scanning calorimetry fuel pipe testing
CREEP TESTING OF GEOSYNTHETICS AND OTHER MATERIALS
Creep testing of polymers, geosynthetics and metals

SIM test facility (accelerated test method)
Conventional creep and stress rupture testing
Stress-corrosion testing of metals
Multiple creep machines up to 5 ton
POLYMERIC PIPE TESTING
UKAS Accredited lab

Fuel pipes to BS 14125
Water pipes to WIS-4-32-19
Hydrostatic pressure testing
Long term pressure testing
Vacuum testing
Impact & Crush testing
Puncture testing
Bend testing
Fuel compatibility testing
Fuel permeation testing
52
Composites
COMPOSITES
FOCUS ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Material analysis and selection on the basis of the final application

Support for the identification and selection of material and components suppliers
Small scale and full scale component characterisation
Composite material numerical modelling to support material and process development, testing facility set-up
and product development
CREEP TESTING OF GEOSYNTHETICS AND OTHER MATERIALS
Creep testing of polymers, geosynthetics and metals

SIM test facility (accelerated test method)
Conventional creep and stress rupture testing
Stress-corrosion testing of metals
Multiple creep machines up to 5 ton
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISATION
Microscopy (optical microscopy and SEM)

Thermal analysis (glass transition temperature, curing enthalpy, specific heat)
Non destructive testing (ultrasonic analysis, infrared thermography, radiography)
MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION
Tensile, compressive, bending tests

Shear tests, short beam tests (ILSS)
Dynamic and Impact tests
Fatigue, Creep
NUMERICAL MODELLING
Main numerical tools: Ansa, Ansys, Nastran, Ls-Dyna, Ansys-CFD (Fluent)

Numerical modelling to support material, products and process development: structural and thermal analysis
(FE), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), coupled multi-physics analysis
Validation of composite material numerical models on the basis of experimental characterisation
54
Ceramic
CERAMIC
CERAMIC MATERIALS
Processing of advanced ceramic and refractory materials in laboratory and pilot plant scale
Powder processing (mixing/milling raw material)

Powder characterization (specific surface by BET)
Shaping of green components (uniaxial and isostatic pressing up to 2000 bar)
Sintering furnaces (normal or controlled conditions up to 2000°C, 100 bar)
High temperature testing (thermal expansion & sintering curve under normal and protected conditions)
Corrosion test (low and high temperature)
Density and porosity measurements
Ceramic and refractory products
Boron nitride (BN) containing composite produced by reactive sintering. Easy machined ceramic product
Compositional gradient refractory developed for combustion chamber of power generation plants
Oxidation resistant glaze for high temperature applications
Laser treatment of refractory surface to improve corrosion resistance
Thermo-mechanical Processes: Al, Ti e Mg
Hot-Rolling, Extrusion
Isotermal-Forging (Superplasticity)
Gas-forming, Hydroforming
Hot Isostatic Pressing, (HIP)
Near and Net SHAPE manufacturing of Metal Matrix Composites
Long and short fibres (Ti and Ni matrices) - SiC

ODS powder metallurgy: TiC, Y2O3, CeO2, Al2O3 etc
specimen with oxidation resistant BN-SiAlON ceramic tip laser

glaze HT tests for aerospace applications treated ceramic
56
Refractory
REFRACTORY
REFRACTORY MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
Other facilities
Two furnaces for heating treatments (Tmax 1600°C / 1200°C)

Muffle for material drying (Tmax 300°C)
Press for measurement of mechanical compression strength of refractory materials
Equipment for measurement of flexural strength at room temperature of refractory materials
Bench vacuum system for measurement of bulk density and apparent porosity
Heating Microscope for measurement of the melting characteristic temperatures of mould powders. The
maximum temperature is 1500°C
Corrosion test in controlled atmosphere (refractory/steel/slag)
Special facilities
Equipment for measurement of modulus of rupture of refractory materials at elevated temperatures. The
material deformation is measured at the same time. The maximum temperature is T=1500°C)
Hot Press for measurement of the refractoriness under load and creep of refractory materials. The maximum
temperature is T=1700°C
Mercury intrusion porosimeter for measurement of the pore size distribution of materials
cold compressive Strength mercury intrusion porosimeter hot modulus of rupture
58
Melting Technologies
& Prototyping
MELTING TECHNOLOGIES & PROTOTYPING
SECONDARY MELTING PLANT - ESR/VAR
The L 240/PESR is a multi-purpose laboratory furnace for high quality material production and development.
Desolforation, Nitriding, O2, N2 and H2 removal, Inclusion removal, directional and refined solidification structure.
VAR process uses DC low frequency melting power supply ESR/PESR (Pressure Electro Slag Remelting) process
uses AC low frequency melting power supply under variation of:
Process pressure, from vacuum up to 70 bar over pressure

Process atmosphere, inert gas or gas mixture
Automatic control of ingot melting
Technical data
INGOT DIAMETER: 150 - 210 mm

INGOT LENGTH: max 1000 mm
INGOT WEIGHT: max 250 kg
Process data
MELTING POWER SUPPLY: AC - DC operation mode

ATMOSPHERE: Vacuum, Inert gas or air (closed chamber)
PROCESS PRESSURE: 5 x 10-5 mbar - 70 bar
SECONDARY MELTING PLANT - VIGA
The HERMIGA 100/10VI is a pilot plant for the production of high quality metal powder from different master alloys
(Special Steel, Nickel based alloys, Cobalt based alloys, Cu, Al)
Technical data
CHARGING MATERIALS: raw materials or ingots made by VIM technologies

FINAL PRODUCT: powders
Process data
MELTING: 1000 - 1750 °C

MELTING CHAMBER ATMOSPHERE: vacuum, inert gas
ATOMISATION CHAMBER ATMOSPHERE: nitrogen, argon
MELTING CHAMBER PRESSURE: 5 x 10-3 - 1,2 bar
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT: 20 - 1800°C
SAMPLING OF LIQUID METALS: Quarz mold
MELTING CAPACITIES: 1 - 2 dm3
ATOMISATION GAS PRESSURE: 30 - 60 bar
ATOMIZATION GAS TEMPERATURE: 5 - 500 °C
PARTICLE SIZE: 5 - 120 μm
Inert gas classifier and Glove Box System to handle powder from the atomiser and allow classification under inert
atmosphere.
The classifier which works on an inertial/viscous principle is suitable for “cutting” powder distributions in different
aimed size range; 5 - 20, 20 - 50, 50 - 100 μm.
60
INVESTMENT CASTING CYCLE
Wax injection Shell building Dewaxing Preheating Pouring
Component Shell Konckout
EXPENDABLE PATTERN PRODUCTION LINE
Additive layer manufacturing (ALM)
Fabrication process that uses a wide range of materials to create products ranging from medical applications to
aerospace applications. Three dimensional objects are built up stacking two-dimensional layers.
Stereolithography 3D System Viper Si2

WORKING VOLUME: 250x250x250 mm
LAYER THICKNESS: 0.05 ÷ 0.10 mm
SILICON RUBBER MOULD
Near net shape transformation
Rapid Prototyping - manufacturing of WAX prototype made with Silicon Rubber Mould starting from CAD
61
CERAMIC SHELLS FORMING LINE
Molding line equipment
Pneumatic handling system for the shells shaping

Temperature control system of the ceramic slurry
Temperature and humidity regions control system
Ventilation system for the control of the shells drying conditions
Designed to reproduce industrial operating conditions
Wax model / Quickcast: Deeping and drying - Shell sintering
Shell making: Dewaxing / Quickcast burning - Wrapping
ceramic shell pneumatic handling system

pneumatic handling system
HIGH TEMPERATURE CHEMISTRY
Thermal analysis: Study of materials properties during temperature variations.
Thermal Analysis
Thermogravimetry
Thermal diffusivity
Fluid Dynamics Simulation
Corrosion test on refractory materials
Oxidation tests at high temperature
62
Special
Coatings
SPECIAL COATINGS
CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE PLASMA SPRAY (CAPS)
Air Plasma Spraying (APS)

Vacuum Plasma Spraying (VPS)
Inert Plasma Spraying (IPS)
Reactive Plasma Spraying (RPS)
High Pressure Plasma Spraying (HPPS)
Atmospheric and Temperature Controlled Spraying (ATCS)
Max torch power: 80kW
Chamber volume: 7 m3
Max dimensions of coating components: 500 x 500 x 500 mm
Applications: ceramic and metallic coatings (0.1-5 mm)
Wear resistant coatings
Corrosion resistance coatings
Thermal barriers
“Functional” coatings
CAPS facility wear and corrosion resistant micrographic image of multilater

coating on tools thermal spray coating
PLASMA TRANSFERRED ARC
Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA)
Thick coatings (up to 15 mm)

Low dilution (5%)
High availability of materials (also in house developed)
High productivity
Composite functional coatings
THERMAL SPRAY (HVOF)
High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF)
TAFA JP - 5000
MAX COMPONENT SIZE: 500 x 500 x 500 mm
TURNTABLE MAX LOAD: 100 kg
64
SPECIAL COATINGS
PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION (PVD)
ARC: 4 sources (metallic film deposition)

SPUTTERING: 1 source (metallic and ceramic films)
CHAMBER DIMENSIONS: 1000 X 1150 mm

MAX SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE: 500°C
SUBSTRATE POLARIZATION: 15 kW, 1000 V
RADIANT HEATERS: 10 kW
MAX LOAD: 700 kg
Customized process / product systems for specific operating conditions
Corrosion resistant coatings
Tribological coatings
Optical coatings
CERMET COATINGS
The deposition mechanism is based on the deformation of the impact particles which must be ductile. So far this
has limited the use of the CGS in the deposition of cermet. Now an innovative cermet is under development, with
hardness values comparable
to those of the coatings obtained by HVOF.
CGS(COLD GAS SPRAY)
At the RINA Consulting - CSM offices of Lamezia Terme it was installed a CGS deposition system
It is a high pressure plant of the second generation, in which the carrier gas can be injected into the nozzle at a
pressure up to 50 bar and a temperature up to 1100 ° C
The torch is installed on a six-axis robot and can coat complex geometries
METALCOATINGS
The plant can deposit very dense coatings ( porosity even less than 1% , up to full dense), and then with excellent
corrosion resistance characteristics. In the picture the metallographic section observed at the optical microscope of
a stellite coating deposited at the RINA Consulting - CSM laboratory.
PACK CEMENTATION
High flexibility diffusion coating process

Suitable outer and inner surfaces
Oxidation/hot corrosion resistance enhancing: the positive effect of coatings is based on protecting the surface
with elements like Al and Cr which form a thermodynamically stable oxide layer that acts as diffusion barrier
65
NOTE
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66
Rolling
& Forming
ROLLING & FORMING
Forming
Hydraulic press 250 tons

Steel assessment
Strain analysis
Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA)
Hot rolling reversible stand with reheating furnace (max temp. 1750°C)
Thermomechanical cycle simulation
Cold rolling reversible stand fitted with coilers and tension control (thickness down to 0.025 mm)
Cold rolling reversible stand hydraulically operated (thickness down to 0.05 mm)
Multi-layer lamination tests
Process data acquisition
Strain detection CAMSYS - Main features
IReverse 3D
Strain measure ε1/ ε2
Accuracy: 0.02 ε
cold rolling reversible stand fitted laboratory hydraulic reversible four

with coilers press 60 tons high mill MINO
pilot plant rolling simulation
68
Heat
Treatments
HEAT TREATMENTS
ANNEALING SIMULATIONS CYCLES
Furnaces for annealing up to 1200°C in controlled atmospheres (H2, N2, Ar, He, H2O, NH3, etc.)
Muffle furnaces for annealing up to 1250°C, with controlled heating/cooling cycles (maximum sample size
300x450x230mm)
Three Vecstar VF2 furnaces with Eurotherm controllers capable of heating to 1600°C
Furnaces equipped to perform cyclic oxidation treatments up to 1200°C on specimens or small components
Box annealing furnace for high temperature static annealing (1600°C)
Thermal cycles design by the use of specific thermal models to reproduce static and continuous industrial
annealing cycles
Design of cooling systems (spray quenching, mixed air/water systems, etc.) to reproduce industrial cooling
strategies
high temperature furnace (quartz chamber) high temperature mechanical behavior testing
HIGH TEMPERATURE DYNAMIC SURFACE INTERACTION
Static and rolling contact simulation at high temperature and controlled atmosphere
Simulation under industrial operating conditions of interaction between metal strips (i.e. steel, aluminum) and
small furnace rolls to study surface sticking phenomena
CONTINUOUS ANNEALING PILOT LINE
Degreasing by electrolytic alkali cells

Rinsing by Demi-water spray
Drying by hot air
Ultra rapid heating section with radiofrequency induction devices
Primary annealing furnace/zone
Electric heating device
Humidification of gas mixture (H2,N2,Ar)
Post treatments zones
Electric heating devices
Humidification of gas mix (H2,N2,Ar) + NH3
Cooling sections
Water jacket
Jet cooler Air cooling
MgO slurry or Coating deposition section Strip thickness: 0.20-0.50 mm
Cooled bridle Strip width: 120 mm
Coating deposition Line Speed: 0.5-3.0 m/min
Drying furnace Thermal power: 12500W/module
70
Combustion
COMBUSTION
Characterization of gaseous fuel combustion systems up to 2.5 MW (gas based):
Side burners
Roof burners
Ceramic regenerators
Possibility to use syngas of any composition and steam

Stand-alone air preheater: temperature up to 600oC
Pollutants monitoring: O2, CO & Nox
Control system & continuous video monitoring
roof burners furnace modular furnace 1x1.1x6.5 m - below 500 kW - fuel:

natural gas and syngas
TESTING STATION FOR COMBUSTION STUDIES OF HEATING WALLS (COKE

OVEN BATTERY)
Monitoring of combustion process in a Heat Wall prototype in real scale.

Combustion auxiliary system in NG. Use of Syngas (e.g Coke Oven Gas and Mixed Gas) or NG
Monitoring of waste gases: O2%, CO and NOx
DIRECT REDUCTION TESTS
Facilities
A stove for material drying

A ball mill
A pelletizer disk to produce pellets
A pilot furnace
Pilot furnace characteristics
N° of zones: 2 (1st zone: up to 1300 °C / oxidizing atmosphere) (2nd zone: up to 1600 °C / reducing or oxidizing
atmosphere)
Lining: ceramic fibre
Heart: movable
Crucible: up to 4 kg of material
Combustion equipment: 1st zone: two side 80 kW high velocity burners; 2nd zone: one roof 300 kW burner
72
COMBUSTION
THERMAL FATIGUE & QUENCHING
Experimental facility for thermal fatigue and quenching tests in real industrial scale
Flexible system: only air, only water or air / water spraying nebulization
Temperature heating furnace: up to 1300 °C
Samples temperature monitoring (thermocouples and infrared camera)
Maximun size and weight samples: 300 x 200 mm (length, diameter with several shape), 50 Kg
Automatic repetition of test (fatigue tests)
fatigue & quenching system nozzle valve manifolds sample during test
DESCALING PILOT PLANT
Experimental tests for the conditioning of high temperature surfaces
Sample heating up to 1300 °C and surface oxidizing under controlled condition (nitrogen, natural or synthetic gas)
High pressure water descaling or deoxidizing by product addition (flow rate up to 132 l/min at pressure up to 400
bar, travel speed: 1 to 4.2 m/s)
Use of different nozzles type and geometrical dispositions
Metallographic characterization
Descaling map for the for the industrial setup optimization
NOZZLE CHARACTERIZATION
Test rig for characterization of descaling nozzle
Powered cartesian table with load cell (pin diameter 1 mm)

Hydraulic system with pump up to 400 bar, 137 l/min
Control process system and data recording
73
NOTE
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74
Environmental
Platform
ENVIRONMENTAL PLATFORM
RINA CONSULTING - CSM WASTE VALORISATION APPROACH
Feasibility study - laboratory activities for waste characterization and technical/economic studies
Technological development - realization of a pilot plant and experimental campaigns
Industrial scaling-up - realization of an industrial prototype plant in cooperation with engineering companies
Waste characterization by means of standard chemical analysis and thermal behaviour analysis on laboratory
equipment designed by RINA Consulting - CSM
Numerical simulations and studies of treatment process by means of commercial thermodynamic codes or RINA
Consulting - CSM suitable software programs
ASR gasification prototype plant plasma torch pilot plant
Experimental process set up and tuning
100 kg/h rotary kiln gasifier for syngas 50 kg/h rotary kiln heater for 500 kW plasma torch plant
production from organic waste pyrolysis processes for hazardous waste inertization
GASIFICATION OF OILY SLUDGES AND INERTISATION OF THE ASHES

PRODUCED BY THE PROCESS
Main results
Reduction up to 90% of sludge volume

Inertization of treatment residues
Self-sustaining advanced gasification process and export syngas (patented)
Process and plant set up at pilot scale
Industrialization in progress (2 t/h)
76
Industrial Advanced
Measurement Systems
INDUSTRIAL ADVANCED MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
RINA CONSULTING - CSM PROVIDES
Instrumentation of complex industrial plants for deep process monitoring & diagnostics
Dedicated instrumentation for model based process control systems
Design of sensors integration into existing machineries and tools
Design and development of vision based measurement and inspection systems in harsh industrial environment
(automatic defect detection systems, dimensional measurements)
Data processing systems, with fast computing algorithms for synthetic feature extraction from raw data plant
(Big Data Analysis tools)
Turn-a-key process control systems
wire on-line automatic inspection system
THE FOLLOWING FACILITIES ARE AVAILABLE
Measurement and Image Analysis Laboratory

Workshop for parts construction, assembling and final testing of devices
Calibration Laboratory for devices certification
on - line laser roughness bar automatic on - line dimensional

measurement system inspection system measurement system
78
Renewable
Energy
RENEWABLE ENERGY
FEM SIMULATION OF WIND TOWER COMPONENTS
Through FEM simulation it is possible to replicate the behaviour of wind tower components and in particular of the
blades when subjected to inertial and wind loads. The technique is helpful to verify:
The influence of different geometries on global efficiency

To simulate and predict the effect of different defects
To select and optimize sensor positioning for the monitoring
WIND TURBINES TEST BENCH FOR BEARINGS
Test bench for the measurement of the tribological properties of bearings for the wind turbines, with the possibility
to vary: testing time, loads, rotational speed. Possibility to study the influence of different hard coatings specifically
developed for the improvement of tribo-corrosion properties of the bearings and applied in lab via HVOF, cold spray
or plasma spray techniques.
PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS HALL EFFECT
The measurement of the hall effect is essential for the development of semiconductor layers of the PV cells.
HYDROGEN FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
Characterization of materials for cylinders. tensile and fatigue tests on steel specimens in autoclave
Operating conditions:
TEMPERATURE: 20 °C ÷ 150 °C
PRESSURE: 1 ÷ 1000 bar
Qualification of nanomaterials with ultrahigh porosity addressed at improving storage capacity at low pressure
Continuous cycles of filling/empting of autoclaves with filling nanomaterials.
PRESSURE: 1 ÷ 300 bar

Mass flow controller for the measurement of additional storage capacity
PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS NANOSTRUCTURED SURFACES BY

ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
Arrays of self-organized nanotubes oxides or porous materials (scaffolds) can be grown by anodic processing bulk
valve metals or thin metallic coatings on conductive glasses.
80
RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOL-GEL LABORATORY FOR ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY (SGL ES)
The SGL ES is a lab devoted to R&D of TCO coatings for Solar Energy Control by Sol-Gel technique
Facilities:
Dip-coater Bungard Elektronik RDC 21K for small area samples

DLM plant (Dynamic Liquid drop Meniscus technique) for large area samples or continuous deposition (industrial
large scale production)
Glass substrates are dip-coated dried and cured to obtain TCOs with controlled phases and properties (electrical/
optical)
Glass substrates are dip-coated dried and cured to obtain TCOs with controlled phases and properties (electrical/
optical).
The DLM technique allows the automated sheet-to-sheet process on glass substrates for solar cells. Prototypes
heads can deposit thin films from Sol-Gel solutions. By DLM technique also controlled anodic processes could be run
in defined positions of the sample without the need of any protective resist (patterning)
Full scale characterizations of components (vessels cylinders, tubes) for hydrogen storage and conveyance
Full scale tests of filling / emptying
Pressure: up to 1000 bar

Cycles N°: 1 ÷ ∞
Gas composition: ultrapure H2;
H2 with contaminants; gas mixtures
Testing of cylinders with selected defects
Testing in safe area by nitrogen
Inerting in autoclave
81
RINA Consulting
Via Corsica, 12
16128 Genova - Italy
T. +39 010 53851

info@rina.org
rina.org

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PROCESS SIMULATION & SPECIAL TESTING

STANDARDS & ACCREDITATIONS

 FKV ETHOS 1 milestone, microwave oven

GDOES (GLOW DISCHARGE OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY)

 Specimen preparation (cutting, polishing, etching)

sample preparation failure analysis qualified team

 Determination of CCT and TTT diagrams

NANOSCOPY & TEM

 RESOLUTION (point to point): 0.19 nm

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

 W, LaB6 and FEG sources

Scanning electron microscopes

High resolution micrographs

 Identification of microstructural constituents (e.g. upper / lower Bainite)

 X - Ray powder diffractometry (Co, Cu and Mo anodes)

 Portable site microscope

specialist trained technicans and engineers

 Servo hydraulic testing machines, 100 - 2500 kN capacity

creep testing lab environmentally assisted cracking test CP

ship welded plate fatigue test internal pressure fatigue test

rail bar fatigue test bending test after damage

PREMIUM CONNECTION TESTING - BUCKING UNIT

Equipment main features

 OD: from 2 3/8” to 14”

PREMIUM CONNECTION TESTING - LOAD FRAME

Equipment main features

 MAXIMUM SPECIMEN DIMENSIONS: L = 2000 mm , OD = 356 mm (14”)

 4 points bending system available

PREMIUM CONNECTION TESTING - LOAD FRAME

Equipment main features

 HEATING: electric resistance pads

combined load frame for testing on premium connection testing make

Well Offsore Onshore

 OCTG testing  Risers fatigue  Bending test

SIMULATOR OF MECHANICAL DAMAGE

Equipment main features

PRESSURE CONTAINMENT ASSESSMENT

Hydraulic test until failure

 Pressurisations with water, CO2

CHAMBER FOR HIGH PRESSURE COLLAPSE TESTING

ENVIRONMENTALLY AND MICROBIOLOGICALLY ASSISTED CRACKING

cathode - protected pipe accelerated ageing test in reproduced environment

REPAIRING SYSTEM DESIGN AND TESTING

Hydraulic test until Failure

 Pressurizations with water, CO2

FOUR POINT BEND TESTING ON LARGE OD PIPE FRAME

Equipment main features

SERVICE CONDITIONS SIMULATION OF LARGE OD PIPELINE

DUCTILE FRACTURE PROPAGATION CONTROL

 Fracture Injection with hydraulic jack system or explosive charge device

UNDERWATER DUCTILE FRACTURE CONTROL

 Fracture Injection with hydraulic jack system

DROP WEIGHT TEAR TEST (DWTT)

 Max fall height: 4 m

CO2 BURST TEST

Testing site inside Nettuno shooting range (Rome)

 Testing line OD 24”, 220m long

COMBINED LOADING FRAME

Equipment main features

 SAMPLE OD: 8”-20”

RESONANT FATIGUE FRAME

Equipment main features

FKV ETHOS 1 milestone, microwave oven

Specimen preparation (cutting, polishing, etching)

Determination of CCT and TTT diagrams

RESOLUTION (point to point): 0.19 nm

W, LaB6 and FEG sources

Identification of microstructural constituents (e.g. upper / lower Bainite)

X - Ray powder diffractometry (Co, Cu and Mo anodes)

Portable site microscope

Servo hydraulic testing machines, 100 - 2500 kN capacity

OD: from 2 3/8” to 14”

MAXIMUM SPECIMEN DIMENSIONS: L = 2000 mm , OD = 356 mm (14”)

4 points bending system available

HEATING: electric resistance pads

OCTG testing Risers fatigue Bending test

Pressurisations with water, CO2

Pressurizations with water, CO2

Fracture Injection with hydraulic jack system or explosive charge device

Fracture Injection with hydraulic jack system

Max fall height: 4 m

Testing line OD 24”, 220m long

SAMPLE OD: 8”-20”

Sample diameter range: 6”-24”

Cooling chamber up to -30°C

Strain gauge methods (Hole drilling, Sachs, sectioning, etc.)

Maximum OD: 36”

Three different closed loop lines for pressure cycling tests

Full scale Pipes up to 36” OD with internal coating piping polymeric

Possibility to add contaminants to CO2 (Water, H2S, NOx, SOx, etc.)

Test on full - scale samples according with the experimental needs

12m pipe with internal pig to separate CO2 and N2 phase

CO2 laser sources up to 6kW of maximum power

High welding speed

Increasing of gap bridging Low cost conventional source

Industrial radiography (160 KV minifocus, 300 KV minifocus)

Linear resistance polarisation technique

Flow loop corrosion tests

Nace Method A (proof ring, dead weight)

Simulated Line speed: 5 - 200 m / min

210 A time - polarity programmable DC and AC suppliers

Batch degreasing / phosphating units

Morphology and micro - analysis (SEM / EDX)

Thickness, hardness, scratch and abrasion resistance

Load range 0,5N÷10.000N

PRESSURE: up to 300 bar

PRESSURE: up to 1000 bar

Sliding reciprocating test

Ring (or Block) on Ring test

MAX STROKE: 150 mm