Forest & Environment

• 23% forest coverage(2017-21.54%)

• Minimum desired forest area- 33%
• 10th position in the world(1st Rassia, 2. Brazil)
• State with largest forest area- madhyapradesh,
least- haryana
• UT- largest Anda&Nico, least Daman&diu
• Based on % -largest misoram , least - punjab
• The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change
• Union Environment Minister - Harsh Vardhan
• Evergreen forests are found on the eastern and
western slopes of the Western Ghats in states such
as Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, and Maharashtra.
They are also found in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,
Nagaland, Tripura, Meghalaya, West Bengal and
Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• cherrapunji and mawsynram is situated in tropical
rainforest region in meghalaya
• Forest Research Institute (India), Dehradun
• Forest Survey of India, Dehradun
• Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata
• Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata
 Biodiversity Hotspots in India
• The Western Ghats
• The Eastern Himalayas.
• Indo-Burma - North-Eastern India (to the south of the
Brahmaputra River)
• Sundaland- This region lies in South-East Asia and includes
Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, and Malaysia. The
Nicobar Islands represent India.
• 18 biosphere reserves in India
• First biosphere reserve in india- nilgiri
• First biological park in india- agastyarkoodam
 Environmental Movements
• Chipko movement- UP- sundarlalbahuguna-
1973
• Appiko movemnt- Pandurang Hegde
• NARMADA Bachao Andolan- medha patkar-
1989
• Navadhanya- vandana shiva
• Green Belt Movement- Vangari Matai
• Vana maholsav- K M Munshi
 Important Acts & projects
• Indian forest act- 1927
• Kerala forest act- 1961
• Wild life protection act- 1972
• Project Tiger -1973
• Water Act- 1974
• Crocodile project- 1975
• Central pollution control board- 1974
• Air Act- 1981
• Environmental protection act- 1986
• Montreal protocol- 1987
• Project elephant- 1992
• Kyoto protocol- 1997 entered into force in 2005.
• environmental protection- Article 48A was
inserted in the Indian Constitution by 42nd
Amendment 1976, in purview of India being a
signatory of Stockholm Conference of 1972
• environmental protection- fundamental duty-
51A(g)
• Article 21- right to life, privacy, healthy
environment
 Tiger Reserves
• There are 50 tiger reserves in India
• Largest – Nagarjunasagar- srisailam (Andra)
• Smallest – pench –MP
• Kanha tiger reserve got its own official
mascot- Bursing the Barasinga (swamp deer)
• Periyar Tiger reserve- 1978- 925 km²
• Parambikulam- 2010- way through tamilnadu
• 50th kamlang- Arunachal
 National Parks
• First national park- jim corbet 1936- old name
hailey national park
• Largest- Hemis-
• Smallest- South Button Island National Park in the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• One Horned Rhinoceros -
Kaziranga National Park, Assam
• Asiatic Lions, Gir Forest National Park, Gujarat
• white tigers- nandankanan- odisha
 Crop producing states
• Rice – West Bengal.
• Jute – West Bengal
• Wheat – Uttar Pradesh
• Cotton – Gujarat
• Sugarcane – Uttar Pradesh
• Sugar- Maharashtra
• Tea – Assam
• Coffee – Karnataka
• Pulses – Madhya Pradesh.
• Suffron – J&K
• Banana- Tamilnadu