Florentino v. Supervalue Inc.
Petitioner frequently close stores earlier than mall
Issue: Reduction by
Courts
Doctrine:
A penal clause is an accessory undertaking to assume greater
liability in case of breach.
Function: (1) to provide for liquidated damages, and (2) to
strengthen the coercive force of the obligation by the threat
of greater responsibility in the event of breach.
General Rule: courts are not at liberty to ignore the freedoms
of the parties to agree on such terms and conditions
Exception: (1) if the principal obligation has been partly or
irregularly complied with; and (2) even if there has been no
compliance if the penalty is iniquitous or unconscionable
(ART 1229)
Facts:
 Petitioner is engaged in the retail of empanada;
Respondent is engaged in the leasing of stalls and
stores within SM
 Parties entered into a lease Agreement with renewal
upon agreement
 Respondent submits 2 letters to Petitioner first letter
stating the latters failure to accord to the contract for:
1. Selling a variety of empanada as such increasing
price without her consent P20 to P22
2.
closing time for delay of delivery of stocks to her
store
 In 2nd letter the respondent informed upon lease
expiration on March 31 2000 no longer to extend the
lease agreement
 Upon expiration, Respondent also took possession of
equipment and personal belonging of Petitioner from
SM store as well as security deposits of P192000 as
provided in Lease Agreement upon breach
 Petitioner filed case for Sum of Money and Damages;
RTC ruled in favor of Petitioner that forfeiture of
security deposit w/o consent is illegal however CA
modified decision that the forfeiture of security deposit
was valid on account of petitioner breach in agreement
ISSUE: WON the penalty of forfeiture of security deposit on
account of breach should be reduced by Court
Ruling: YES
1. Question of whether a penalty is reasonable or
iniquitous can be partly subjective and partly objective.
Factors include: type, extent and purpose of the
penalty, the nature of the obligation, the mode of
breach and its consequences, the supervening realities,
the standing and relationship of the parties, and the
like
2. Forfeiture of the entire amount of the security deposits
in the sum of P192,000.00 was excessive and
unconscionable considering that the gravity of the
breaches committed by the petitioner is not of such
degree
3. It is in the exercise of its sound discretion that this
court tempered the penalty to 50%. The respondent is
therefore under the obligation to return the 50% of
P192,000.00 to the petitioner.