Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Objects of FOL
• Constants – names of specific objects
– E.g., Ayan, Gene, King, Crown
• Functions – Mother(Riya), Score(X,Y)
• variables – a, b, c, … for statements about
unidentified objects or general statements
• Atomic Sentence
– Predicate relating objects (no variable)
• Brother (John, Richard)
• Married (Mother(John), Father(John))
• Complex Sentences
– Atomic sentences + logical connectives
• Brother (John, Richard) Brother (John, Father(John))
Statement about
relation or property
OR Equivalence of
objects
Reference to an
object
Statements
about sets of
objects
Relation or
property
Vandana, CSIS, BITS Pilani, BITS F444/ CS
September 2016 7
F407
Propositional logic vs. FOL
Propositional FOL
Objects, functions
Propositions (t/f) Relations on objects (t/f)
Connectives Connectives
sentences sentences
Quantifiers
• examples:
– $x: Mother(Art) = x
– "x "y: Mother(x)=Mother(y) => Sibling(x,y)
– "y $x: Mother(y) = x