EDUCATION AND SELF

History of Education
 Education is a significant and universal subject.
 Education is special achievement of human being.
Development of Education System
 Through spoken power we established our relationship between man to man and man
to group (Community) with generation to generation.
 Primarily we were dominated and regulated by natural events, rules etc.
 Only sign language and memorization power were the main means of socialization as
well as social living.
 Initially education was developed as a biological need.
 Birth, growth, protection, development etc. all were the result of continuous struggle
towards nature, instincts, self weakness and ultimately we learned to be organised in a
group, community, society etc.
 With the emergence of family life man started to recognize and identify their needs,
wills, strength and weakness and gradually mental process were perceived and
realized. So education was developed as psychological need.
 After that we started group efforts to fulfil our daily needs as well as expectations
towards life.
 In this way education became a social need and never separated from man and social
spectrum.
1. Education and Social Need
 Role of education was realized to be more significant in human history.

2. Starting the Education in Informal Setting

 In the beginning, Education was very complicated and composite.
 The aims of education were character formation, skill development, moral
development, humanity, patriotism etc.
 The qualities were developed among the pupils with the help of stories, personal
experiences, sermons etc. in cohesive way.

3. Evolution of Formal Education

 Gurukuls, monasteries, Schools, Colleges, Universities are the place where formal
education is given to the students.
 The subject matters were in the written form due to the invention of paper and press.
 Schools were repository of egalitarian view.
 Written examination is important than the oral examination and that has been proved
with the help of psychology.

4. Guru-Shishya Parampara
 Successive development and transformation of knowledge over the thousand years
were possible by Guru-Shishya Parampara.
 Teacher was considered as more knowledgeable person.
 Teacher was more respected with high dignity than the king of state.
 Subjects -Philosophy, character formation, ritualistic knowledge, grammar,
astronomy, human values, moral ethics, patriotism, conservation and development of
culture, spiritual knowledge etc.
 Teaching Method: Sermon, Lecture method, emulation, strict discipline, directive
education.

5. Existence of Universities
 Indian universities laid the foundation of world’s other universities
 Indian Universities: Taxila university (370 BC), Nalanda University (500 AD),
Vikramshila University (800 AD).
 European Universities: Oxford University (872 AD), Cambridge University (1209
AD).
 Subjects: Philosophy, phonetics, ritualistic knowledge, grammar, astronomy, history,
mathematics, economics, human values, moral ethics etc.

6. Education in Buddhist Period

 There was elimination of the monopoly of Brahmin Education.
 It was governed with the help of King, elite group and commercial group.
Subjects: Philosophy, humanities, natural science.
Teaching Method: Lecture method, Lecture and discussion method.

7. Renaissance Period
 It was a phase in which many new concepts were developed like as Renaissance,
religious reformation and development of European equity.
 Development of movement for Extension of Kingdom, new tendencies.
 Development of philosophical tendencies and live languages were the medium of
culturization.

8. Education under Industrialization

 Popularity of education was gradually increased.
 It was a beginning of compulsory education for public in this period.
Result: i. Struggle among the different group.
ii. Democratization was bounded in the limited boundary.
iii. The process of urbanization was successively increased.
iv. The concept of ‘education for all’ was developed.

9. Post-Industrialization Period
 There were changes in different aspects such as life style, production mode, man’s
desire, doubt, anxieties, happiness etc. in this period.
 There was increasing demand of trained and skilled man power.
 There was a need of education for labours.
 Professional manager and technicians were well trained.
 Primary education and vocational education were increased in the process of
modernization.
 10. Education in Modern Era
 Educational development leads the economic development of country.
 Education is playing a very important role for development of man for society and it
was never happen in the history.
 Education is being used to prepare the unknown children for unknown world.
 There is development of new concepts such as new movements, de-schooling society,
de-industrialization, open education, continuous and comprehensive education,
education for leisure, distance education, special education, collective education,
inclusive education etc.

Concept of Education
1. According to Guardians: Education is a positive source / power which will lead
prestige and prosperity.
2. According to Teacher: Education as development of child in the way useful,
progress innovative human being, who will be beneficial for society and nation.
3. According to Student: Education as means and tools that provide knowledge,
attitude and skill for good certificate and degree.
4. According to Profounder: Education should be work as that minimization of
prejudices, suppositions and ignorance.

Aims of Education
1. Mental development of student.
2. Physical development of student.
3. Social development of students.
4. Cultural development of student.
5. Moral and character development of student.
6. Vocational development of student.
7. National and Civil interest.
8. Spiritual development of student.
9. Knowledge for the sake of knowledge.
10. For the preparation of future life.

Differences among Instruction, Training, Schooling and Education

1. Instruction:
 Instruction is an artificial and limited achievement.
 It is one of the components of education.
 It is a formal form of education merely used for skill development only.
 Role of teacher is dominant in this form of education.
2. Training:
 Training is given for a limited time period.
 There are pre-decided goals in training.
 It is useful for specific fields.
3. Schooling:
 It is provided in formal setting.
  There is fix duration for schooling.
 For this pre-decided programs, place, fixed teacher according to the need of subject
etc.
4. Education:
 Accumulation of knowledge.
 Transformation of culture.
 Evolution of the best whatever is hidden in the man.
 Control over the emotions.
 Desirable development of personality.
 Solution or freedom from all type of weakness and slavery.

Expectation from Education

 Satisfaction of needs.
 Achievement of self sufficiency.
 Achievement of vocational efficiency.
 Achievement of material prosperity.
 Creation of good citizen.
 Development of personality.
 Development of characteristics.
 Preparation of life.
 Reorganizations of experiences.
 Modification of environment.
 Inculcation of values.
 Supply of skilled workers.
 Subordination of private welfare to central welfare.
 Inculcation of civil and social duties.
 National development.
 National integration.
 Emotional integration.