CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Nowadays motorized vehicle are use as transportation for a human easily to move from
one place to another. Transport modes are the means by which passengers and freight achieve
mobility. For instance, an automobile has capacity to carry some freight while a passenger plane
has a bellyhold that used for luggage and cargo. Air transport is movement of an aircraft such as
helicopter, airplane and space shuttle over the sky, while the examples of land transport are car,
lorry and motorcycle. Water transport is movement of a watercraft such as a barge, boat, ship or
sailboat over a water, such as a sea, ocean, lake, canal or river.

Motorized vehicle propulsion is provided by an engine or motor, usually an internal

combustion engine or an electric motor, or some combination of two such as hybrid electric
vehicles and plug-in hybrids. For motor vehicles are often identified within a number of vehicle
classes including cars, buses, motorcycle, off-road vehicles, light truck and regular trucks. Traffic
law in every US State either explicitly defines bicycle as vehicles or defines bicycle operators as
having the right and duties of drives of vehicle. All vehicle operators are legally required to obey
the basic Rules of the road.

However, there are some special legal restriction for drives of motor vehicle given potential
dangers that motor vehicles can pose to other road users and the wear and tear that motor vehicles
can cause to roadways. This invention relates to power-driven bicycles and more particularly to

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the combination of an engine and wheel assembly which can be used to replace the rear wheel of
the conventional bicycle with a minimum of changes.

In order to create a quality motorized tricycle that can perform well in terms of speed and
stability, concepts of folding bike, ergonomics, mechanical design and physics need to be studied
and applied in this project. The maximum size of the motorized tricycle the most important
parameter that must be focused on during the manufacturing process to make its well portability.

Although, almost motorized and motorcycle has been created not focus on people with lack
of walk potential especially for eldest person. As a country that is concerned about the welfare of
life, vehicles that are copyrighted should emphasize every individual's strengths and weaknesses
for the sake of prosperity and harmony in a prosperous life.

1.2 Background Study

This project is about a vehicle that will be use by eldest person and person physical
problem between waist and foot like broken leg as their daily transport to help them moving
around. For a movement mechanism this project is use motor that taken from hover board and
also modification of electrical system with forward and backward function. Furthermore, this
project use folding bike concept as reduction of space. Three wheels adapted in this vehicle as it
stability and easy to handle.

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1.3 Problem Statement

In this century, an individual that achieved 65 years old above are being categorized as an
eldest person. Dependency ratio of old age in Malaysia is increasing from 9% to 9.3% which is
from 2.00 million to 2.10 million. In this category, they usually can walk properly but only in a
short distance. If they are walking for a long distance, they may be get an injury. The ability of
eldest person to walk for long distance has become a worldwide problem. Increasing of age is
going to make a similar breakdown of soft tissue and bone that will force eldest person to move in
limited distance and more slowly.

Besides, the problem of walking is also faced by individual who have physical disabilities
especially in the legs and they need a vehicle as a convenience for them to make a move. There
were some vehicle that has been created like wheelchair and scooter, but these vehicles have lack
abilities of portability.

Modern society has therefore, become increasingly concerned to this issues by creating
vehicle for people who has a problem to walk. However, the point of concern is whether this
vehicle can be transported anywhere and the ability for a normal person to lift this vehicle alone.

1.4 Objectives

The main objective of this project is to design and build a motorized electric vehicle for
the use of people who having problems moving around. In order to achieve the main objective,
there are several sub-objectives that need to be accomplished.

a) To produce a light-weight, affordable, durable, portable motorized electric tricycle

with using of minimum space for eldest person with have physical problem to walk
for long distance.
b) To produce a safe and an ergonomics vehicle for user.

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1.5 Scope of Work

There are few elements in the scope of work which include areas to be covered and limitations
along the progress.
a) To design motorized electric tricycle in technical drawing and Solidwork software.
b) To analyze and build a safe and an ergonomics transport for eldest person and
person with leg problem.
c) To install the redesign hover board electric circuit for completing the vehicle
functions powered by rechargeable battery.
d) To fabricate the folding body structure with three wheels and electrical circuit as
controlling system.

1.6 Expected Outcome

The expected result at the end of this project are as shown as below:
1. Complete motorized electric tricycle with element of safety and ergonomic.
2. Vehicle can be fold and load into any sedan car.
3. Vehicle powered by rechargeable battery which have forward and backward
mode
4. Vehicle can travel exceed 3 hours continuous operation.

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CONSTRAINT
In this project, there are few constrains existed as shown as below:

1. Time

Project must be finished within 28 weeks which is two semesters. Fabrication of product
should be finished before week 26 as preparation for exhibition.

2. Skill

Skill is one of the constrain existed. This is because required assistance to help finished
this project. Skill that need assistance like welding, design and also modification of
electrical circuit as well as not expert in mentioned skills.

3. Cost

Next constrain is cost. This is because of the project costing that can be claim from
faculty is Rm500. Due to budget, cost has been limit the cost of project expenditure not
exceeding RM1000 as well as not of all materials needed are provide from faculty.
Buying from outside supplier is the way to overcome this material problem.

4. Information

Other constrain is getting the hover board specification. This is because of the
specification is not provided from the seller. It should be refer to the company that
produce that hover board.

5. Tools

6. Raw material

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 Gantt Chart FYP 1
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Tasks
Submit topic
Submission of
proposal
Literature review
Sketching design
Approve design
Survey needed
Design development
Design analysis
Presentation and
report preparation
Project presentation
Submit report

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 Gantt Chart FYP 2
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Tasks
Fabricate part
Installation and
modification
electrical circuit
Assemble part and
component
Test protocol
Writing proposal
Exhibition
Presentation
preparation
Project presentation
Submit report