Assignment No 1

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT (EDU-402)

Name: Amjad Liaqat

B.Ed Secondary(1.5 year)

bc180203603

Question No. 1
Write down the short note on following terms: (10 marks)

Curriculum as field of study,

Syllabus

Content,

Nature of curriculum

ANSWER:

Curriculum as field of study:

Curriculum as a Subject Matter or Content includes the following areas of focus:

 Program of Planned Activities

 Intended Learning Outcome
 Cultural Reproduction
 Experience
 Discrete Tasks and Concepts
Curriculum as Subject Matter or Content

Curriculum is equated with the subjects to be taught. The most traditional Image of curriculum
stems back to ancient times and seven liberal arts, usually divided into trivium (grammar,
rhetoric and dialectic) and quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music). Curriculum
is equated with the ‘subjects’ to be taught.

 Educators who use this image intend to spell-out clearly the network of subjects taught,
interpretations given to those subjects, pre- requisite knowledge for studying certain
subjects and a rational for the ways in which all subjects at a particular level are fit
together and provided what is needed at that level.

Curriculum as Intended Learning Outcomes

 Curriculum should focus on the intended learning outcomes – which shifts emphasis form
means to ends. Intended learning outcomes are a convenient way to specify purposes.
Purposes no longer remain stated in such global rhetoric as, “an appreciation for our
cultural heritage.” Instead a structural series of outcomes is set forth; all activities,
teaching, and environmental design serve the acquisition of specified end.

Curriculum as Cultural Reproduction

 Curriculum in any society or culture is/ should be a reflection of that culture. Schooling is
meant to reproduce salient knowledge and values for succeeding generation. The
community, state, or nation takes the lead in identifying the skills, knowledge and
appreciations to be taught

Syllabus:

Syllabus connotes the subjects as well as the topics covered in the course of study.

Meaning Syllabus is the document that contains all the portion of the
concepts covered in a subject.

Origin Syllabus is a Greek term.

Set for A subject

Nature Descriptive

Scope Narrow

Set out by Exam board

Term For a fixed term, normally a year.

Uniformity Varies from teacher to teacher.

CONTENT:

The content component of teaching learning situation refers to the important facts, principles and
concepts to be taught. These contents must be in line with the learning experiences and there
must be clear cut objective to be achieved by the end of each respective lesson. It can be in form
of knowledge, skills, attitude and values that learners are exposed to. Content involves subject
matter drawn on the basis of problems, themes or topics cutting across traditional subjects.

Learning experience refers to any interaction course, programme or other experience in which
learning takes place, whether it occurs in traditional academic setting (schools classrooms) or
non-traditional academic setting (outside of school locations, outdoor environment or whether it
include traditional educational interactions (students learning from teachers and professors)or
nontraditional interactions (student learning through games and interactive software
applications). According to Tyler learning experiences are the interactions between the learner
and the external conditions in the environment to which he can react. It is an activity which may
be planned by the class or teacher but perform by the learner for the purpose of achieving some
important learning objectives

There are various types of activities that can be performed by the learners in the study of various
school subjects to enhance learning. There are also various activities which teachers perform as
they teach learners, but then, learning

experiences are not what the teachers do, it is not the teacher methodology, but those activities
performed by the learners themselves

Nature of curriculum:

:A curriculum is the instructional and the educative programme by following which the pupils
achieve their goals, ideals and aspirations of life. It is curriculum through which the general aims
of a school education receive concrete expression
Nature of curriculum the instructional programme as indicated by the course offerings to meet
the varies requirements of a vast heterogeneous population 2. the courses of study, embodying
outlines of knowledge to be taught 3. all the experiences provided under the guidance of the
school

Nature of curriculum Close examination of them reveals the difficulty in deciding the basic
nature of curriculum. 1. Is it thought of as a programme and pattern of offerings? 2. Is thought of
to be a content of courses? 3. Is it thought of to be experiences through which knowledge is
communicated?

Nature of curriculum Curriculum is that which makes a difference between maturity and
immaturity, between growth and stasis, between literacy and illiteracy, between sophistication
(intellectual, moral, social and emotional) and simplicity. It is the accumulated heritage of man’s
knowledge filtered through the prisms of contemporary demands and pressures. It is that wisdom
considered relevant to any age in any given location. It is that we choose from our vast amount
of heritage of wisdom to make a difference in the life of man

Question No. 2

Compare the philosophies of Essentialism and Progressivism keeping in mind their focus,
characteristics and curriculum. (10 marks)

Sr. No. Elements Essentialism Progressivism

1. Focus
2. Characteristics
3. Curriculum

ANSWER:

Sr. No. Elements Essentialism Progressivism

1. Focus The essential skills of 3R
and essential subjects of
science, English , history
,math and foreign
language is the focus of
curriculum.
2. Characteristics Thus, for any specific kind
of entity, there is a set
The curriculum is
focused on students
,interest ,human
problems, and affairs.
The subjects are
interdisciplinary ,
intergrative and
interacative.
Characteristics of
the Progressive Era
 of characteristics (or
properties or traits), all of
which any entity of that
kind must have.
3. Curriculum Essentialism is a
relatively conservative
stance to education that
strives to teach students
the knowledge of a society
and civilization through a
core curriculum.
include purification of the
government,
modernization, a focus on
family and education,
prohibition, and women's
suffrage.
Itscurriculum enacted
the ideas
of progressive education.
..... the importance of
child-centered vs.
societal–centered learning