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Mohammed Tawfeeq
Choppers are of two types: (1) Step‐down choppers, and (2) Step‐up
choppers. In step‐down choppers, the output voltage will be less than
the input voltage, whereas in step‐up choppers output voltage will be
more than the input voltage.
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
Methods of Control
The output dc voltage can be varied by the following methods.
Pulse width modulation control or constant frequency operation.
Variable frequency control.
1 ton 2
T 0
v
The R.M.S. value of the output voltage o,rms v0 dt vd
2 2
v o , rms v
The Output power = d
R R
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
P vd 1 vd 2
1
f= chopping frequency = ( )= 1/ T
chopping period (T )
V 1
2
Vo 1
RF ( rms ) 2 1 ( 2 d 2 ) 1 1
Vo Vd
Note1: In this type of chopper both the voltage and current are
always positive, hence this chopper is called a single-quadrant Buck
converter or class – A chopper.
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
1 1 0.4
(d) RF 1.225
0.4
(e)
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
Fig.9.4
Fig.9.5
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
Referring to Fig.9.5:
Where ΔI is the peak – to –peak of the load current .Thus the equation
of the current is given by:
Where
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
(a) Find the average load voltage, current and the duty cycle of the
chopper.
Solution:
Vav = Vo = γ Vd
Vav = 0.6 x 80 = 48 V.
Assuming
From eq.(1)
or
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
but
Hence
Input Current Is
For the class-A chopper had shown in Fig.9.4, the On-state and OFF-
state equivalent circuits are as depicted in Fig.9.6. When the thyristor is
closed (during the ON period), the load current “i” rises from I1 to I2 and
falls from I2 to I1 during the off period as shown in Fig.9.7(a).The input
current is flows during the ON period only as shown in Fig .9.7(b).
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
(a)
(b)
Fig.9.7
The average value of the current drawn from the supply is simply
found by,
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
Where Vo = Vav
(b) ton
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
Solution:
(c ) =
(d)
(e)
= 5 + 0.25 = 5,25 A
= 5 - 0.25 = 4.75 A
(f)
(g)
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
Fig.9.9
Vav = γ Vd
Note that this relation is valid only when the armature current is
continuous. In steady state, the armature average current is equal to
Eb = K e φ n
Finally, solving for the motor’s speed:
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
or
Td = KT IA φ
Speed
Torque
Tst
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
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Power Electronics Lecture No.9 Dr.Mohammed Tawfeeq
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