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OBJECTIVES
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
PART A
A. Appearance of compound
1. The colour and the shape of the solid iron (III) chloride (A), lead (II) nitrate (B) and
calcium carbonate (C) is identified.
B. Heating test
1. A half spatula of solid compound is put in a boiling tube. The compound is then
heated using Bunsen burner for about 10 to 15 minutes. The colour and the odour of
gas released is recorded.
1. A half spatula of compound is placed in 2mL of distilled water in boiling tube and
shaken.
2. Another 3mL of distilled water is added if the compound does not dissolve. The
mixture is then shook and stirred.
1. A half spatula of solid compound is put in a boiling tube. 15 mL of nitric acid (1M)
is added to the compound and any reaction that occur is observed.
2. The mixture is kept for the reaction with sodium hydroxide and ammonia.
1. 3M of solution NH3 is added drop-wise to the solution. The mixture is shaken and
any reaction is observed.
PART B
Compound D
Compound F
1. A half spatula of compound F is acidified with 5 mL HNO3 (3M) in the test tube.
The solution is tested with litmus paper.
2. Half of the solution is poured in the centrifuge tube. 5 drops of 0.1M AgNO3 is
added until white precipitate is formed. The solution is then centrifuged and the
supernatant is removed.
Compound G
5. The solution is allowed to sit undisturbed for 2 hours so that a definite layer is
formed by the sulphuric acid.
RESULT AND OBSERVATION
PART A
analysis A B C
Colour of Yellowish
White White
Appearance compound black
of compound Shape of
Powdery Crystal Fine powder
compound
Solubility Moderately
Soluble Insoluble
with water soluble
A crystal-like A powder-like
Sodium
No precipitate precipitate is precipitate is
Reaction with hydoxide
formed formed
White
Red precipitate
Ammonia precipitate is No precipitate
is formed
formed
PART B
Qualitative Observation
analysis D E F G
i) Blue
litmus paper
turns red
Green
colour of ii) Yellow
Cation
solution colour of
turns red solution
turns
reddish
brown
i) After
Identification
addition of
test i) Blue
concentrated
litmus
H2SO4, two
paper turns
layers of
red
solution is
Anion formed
DISCUSSION
In this experiment, we held several tests on compounds that are known and
unknown. For known compounds, we held tests such as heating test,solubility with
water, reaction with nitric acid, sodium hyroxide and ammonia, whereas for the
unknown compound, there are two types of tests, which are cation and anion
identification test.
For the known compound, we put iron (III) chloride, lead(II) nitrate and calcium
carbonate into different boiling tube and conducted the test on the three compounds.
For heating test, all the compounds will form an oxide compound and release different
kind of gases. As for iron (III) chloride, it released yellow gas, which is chlorine gas
to form iron (III) oxide. As for lead (II) nitrate, it released orange gas, which is
nitrogen dioxide gas to form lead (II) oxide. While for calcium carbonate, it should
decompose into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas, but our sample had no changes
happened. For the solubility with water, iron (III) chloride is the most soluble in water,
followed by lead (II) nitrate which is moderately soluble, and calcium carbonate that
is insoluble in water. As for reaction with nitric acid, only calcium carbonate reacted,
with the release of gas bubbles, which is carbon dioxide gas. Next, reaction with
sodium hydroxide will produce hydroxide salt, which is an insoluble salt. Our
experiment resulted only iron (III) chloride and lead (II) nitrate that form precipitate
in the boiling tube. Lastly, reaction with ammonia resulted various result. For iron (III)
chloride, it produced red precipitate, which was iron (III) hydroxide whereas for lead
(II) nitrate, white precipitate formed, which was lead (II) hydroxide. As for calcium
carbonate, there was no precipitate because it produced calcium cyanide which is
soluble in water, that is why there were no precipitate formed.
Next, the cation identification test on compound D resulted the change of solution
colour from green to red after the addition of dimethlglyoxime solution. This indicates
that nickel ion is present in the compound. While for compound E, the yellow colour
solution changed to reddish brown after addition of ammonium thiocyanate that
indicates the presence of iron (III) ion.
Lastly, the anion identification for compound F resulted the formation of white
precipitate after the addition of nitric acid. This indicates the presence of chloride ion.
Whereas for compound G, the result of the experiment was a light brownish layer is
formed, that indicates that nitrate ion is present.
QUESTIONS
1. Write all the balance equations for each reaction and any observations.
PART A
Reaction with
B Pb(NO3)2 + HNO3 → no reaction
nitric acid
PART B
CONCLUSIONS