9/13/2016 

Persatuan Insinyur Indonesia (PII)

Badan Koordinasi Mesin (BKM) 
 

Jakarta : 26‐29 September 2016 

Types of Pumps
Why there are many types of pumps? 
 

• Considering the variety of markets

and applications, no single pump design
can satisfy all needs. Consequently, several
different basic types of pumps have been
developed, as you will see in this module.
• This module will focus on:
• Centrifugal Pumps
• Reciprocating Pumps
• Rotary Pumps  
 

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Types of Pumps
 
 

Types of Pumps
Objectives 
 

• When you complete Module Types of Pumps,

you will be able to:

• Identify three pump types

• Identify the principle of operation of each type

• Identify the unique advantage of each type

• Select where each type is best used

• Identify the unique limitations of each type

 

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Types of Pumps
What is a Pump? 
 

A Pump is a Machine Which Adds

Energy to a liquid for the Purpose of
Increasing the Pressure or Moving it
along a Pipeline.

Types of Pumps
 
 

1.Centrifugal Pump
2.Positive Displacement Pump
- Reciprocating Pump
- Rotary Pump

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Types of Pumps
What is Centrifugal Pump? 
 

A PUMP THAT DISPLACES LIQUID BY 
CENTRIFUGAL FORCES WITH THE 
USE OF AN IMPELLER  

Types of Pumps
What is Positive Displacement Pump? 
 

A PUMP THAT DISPLACES LIQUID BY 
MEANS OF A MECHANICAL MOTION I.E. 
PLUNGER, PISTON, DIAPHRAGM, GEAR, 
ETC 

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Types of Pumps
Kinetic Pump 
 

Types of Pumps
Sealless Centrifugal Pump 
 

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Types of Pumps
Vertical Pump 
 

Types of Pumps
Overhung Pump 
 

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Types of Pumps
Between Bearings Pump 
 

Types of Pumps
Vertically Suspended Pump 
 

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Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pump 
 

Reciprocating Pumps
- Power pump
- Direct Acting Pump

 
Direct Acting Pump 

Power pump 

Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pump 
 
Reciprocating Pumps
Direct Acting Power Pumps

16

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Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pump 
 

Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pump 
 

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Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pump 
 

Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pump 
 

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Types of Pumps
Rotary Pump 
 

Vane Pump 

Lobe Pump 

External Gear Pump 

Internal Gear Pump 

Types of Pumps
Rotary Pump 
 

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Types of Pumps
Rotary Pump 
 

Types of Pumps
Rotary Pump 
 

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Types of Pumps
According to API 610 Pump 
 

Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps – How it works 
 

HOW A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP 
WORKS ? 

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Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps – How it works 
 
IMAGINE THAT YOU FILL A BUCKET 
WITH WATER. 

THE WATER STAYS IN THE BUCKET (AS LONG AS 
THERE AREN’T HOLES IN IT) 
 
IF YOU TAKE THE BUCKET AND TURN IT OVER,  
THE WATER WILL POUR OUT. 
HOWEVER..... 

Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps – How it works 
 

IF YOU SPIN THE BUCKET, AND ADD ENERGY IN 
THE FORM OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE... 

THE ENERGY YOU ADD OVERCOMES THE FORCE

OF GRAVITY, AND THE WATER IS FORCED TO THE
OUTER PART OF THE BUCKET.

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Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps – How it works 
 

THE HARDER YOU SPIN THE BUCKET, OR THE 
LONGER YOUR ARMS, THE MORE CENTRIFUGAL 
FORCE IS GENERATED.   IF THERE WERE A HOLE IN 
THE BUCKET, THE WATER WOULD FLY OUT ‐‐‐ 

Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps - Description and Operation 
 

Pumps add energy to the liquid

by either of two methods,
centrifugal force or positive
displacement. Centrifugal
pumps use a rotating impeller
with multiple vanes as shown
here. The liquid enters the
impeller axially at the smaller
diameter, called the impeller
eye, and progresses radially
between the vanes until it exits
at the outside diameter.
 

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Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps - Description and Operation 
 

Centrifugal Pumps
Operation 

Film 

Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps - Description and Operation 
 

As the liquid leaves the impeller, it is

collected in a pressure container
casing. One design of casing is shaped
like a spiral that collects the flow from
the impeller and directs it to a
discharge nozzle.

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Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps - Description and Operation 
 

The discharge nozzle is shaped

like a cone so that the high
velocity flow from the impeller is
gradually reduced. This cone is
also called a diffuser. During the
reduction in velocity in the
diffuser, the velocity energy in the
flow is converted to pressure
energy. An optimum angle of
seven to ten degrees is used to
most efficiently convert velocity
energy to pressure energy.
 

Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps - Diffuser 
 

Diffuser 
During the reduction in velocity in the diffuser, the
velocity energy in the flow is converted to
pressure energy.

Film 

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Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps – Multiple Diffuser 
 

Another casing design uses

multiple diffusers close to
the impeller. The velocity
energy from the impeller is
converted to pressure
energy in these diffuser
passages. A circular
collector surrounds the
diffusers.
 

Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps – Multiple Diffuser 
 

Multiple diffusers 

Film 

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Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps – Multiple Diffuser 
 

The multiple diffuser design is primarily used in Multistage

pumps since the circular collector is then used to direct the
flow to the inlet of the next impeller.
This sectional drawing shows a six stage pump where the
discharge from each impeller is directed to the eye of the
next stage impeller.
 

Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps - Benefits 
 

Centrifugal Pumps:
Benefits and Limitations 

Benefits 
Most common type  
Simple construction 
Reliable operation  
Cost effective  
High rate of flow  
Good efficiency  
High temperatures  

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Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps - Limitation 
 

Limitations
  Low viscosity  
Not self priming  
Uniform pressure  
Poor low flow 

To summarize, centrifugal pumps are the most common

industrial type and represent 80 to 90 percent of all pumps.
They are simple, reliable and cost effective. They can produce
very high rates of flow and/or pressure with good
efficiency. They can operate at temperatures up to about
800°F. 

Types of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps - Limitation 
 

Centrifugal pump applications are limited to

liquids with viscosity no greater than light
lubricating oil. They are generally not self
priming, and pressure output is limited so that
obstruction downstream will reduce flow.
Performance at low rates of flow is poor. 

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Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps: Description and Operation 
 

The second type of pump is a reciprocating pump.

Positive displacement pumps impart energy by
applying mechanical force directly to the liquid. One
design uses a reciprocating piston to force the liquid
out of a closed cylinder. By Suharto  41 

Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps: Description and Operation 
 

Reciprocating Pumps
Operation 

Film 

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Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps: Description and Operation 
 

During the return stroke of the piston, a check valve

on the discharge side closes, and the void created by
the piston movement allows additional liquid to enter
the cylinder.
 

Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps: Description and Operation 
 

At the end of the return stroke, the inlet valve closes,

the piston moves forward, the discharge valve opens
and liquid is pumped out of the cylinder.
 

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Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps: Description and Operation 
 

This cycle continues repeatedly, causing a

pulsating flow of liquid from the pump.
 

Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps: Description and Operation 
 

The pulsation is often reduced by the use of double

acting pistons that allow pumping to take place in both
directions of the piston action. This double action
produces an almost continuous flow of liquid.
 

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Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps: Description and Operation 
 

High-pressure pumps, on the other hand, use plungers instead of

pistons. This design allows flexibility in the design rate of flow of
the pump by simply changing the plunger and stuffing box
diameter.
Since plungers can pump in only one direction, they are usually
built with three or more cylinders operating off a single
crankshaft, similar to a gasoline engine.
By Suharto  47 

Types of Pumps
Diaphragm Pumps 
 

Diaphragms can be used in place

of pistons to impart the pumping
energy. Diaphragm pumps have
the advantage of allowing zero
leakage around the piston.
 

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Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps: Benefits 
 
Reciprocating Pumps:
Benefits and Limitations 
Benefits 
High pressure  
High efficiency 
Self priming  
Uniform flow 
Abrasive liquids  

Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps: Limitation 
 

Limitations 
Complex design  
Larger size/weight  
Higher cost  
Higher maintenance 
Limited rate of flow 
Pressure pulsation 
Discharge pressure protection  

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Types of Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps: Summary 
 

In summary, reciprocating pumps are especially good for

very high pressures up to 5000 to 10,000 psi.
They operate with high efficiency and are self priming.
Flow output is the same with each piston stroke so they
are used in metering applications. They can also handle
liquids that contain abrasive solids.
 
Limitations of reciprocating pumps come from their
complex design and larger size and weight, resulting in
higher cost and maintenance. They are usually used at
lower rates of flow and they produce pulsations in
discharge pressure. They must also be protected against
operating with their discharge valve closed.
 

Types of Pumps
Rotary Pumps: Description and Operation 

Positive displacement of
liquid can also be
accomplished by rotary
devices such as a vane type
rotary pump.
Liquid enters the space
between the rotor and
stator from the inlet on the
right. Vanes in the rotor
then apply mechanical force
directly to the liquid and
force it to move in a
confined space as the rotor
turns.
 

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Types of Pumps
Vane Pumps: Description and Operation 

Vane Pumps
Operation 

Film 

Types of Pumps
Vane Pumps: Description and Operation 

As the liquid approaches the discharge opening on the

left, the space between the rotor and stator is
reduced. The vane is shortened by moving into a slot in
the rotor, and the liquid is forced out of the pump.
 

This action continues with each rotation of the rotor.

The pumping is continuous and pulsation is quite low 

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Types of Pumps
Vane Pumps: Description and Operation 

Vane pumps are also built with

flexible vanes instead of hard vanes
to simplify construction and reduce
cost. Rubber-like materials are
usually used to produce the flexible
vanes. 

Types of Pumps
Gear Pumps: Description and Operation 

Other rotary pump

designs include rotating
gears. In this design the
liquid is carried around
between the gears and
body and is prevented
from returning by the
meshing of the gear
teeth. 

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Types of Pumps
Gear Pumps: Description and Operation 

Gear Pumps 
Operation 

Film 

Types of Pumps
Screw Pumps: Description and Operation 

Intermeshing screws also provide positive pumping

action. Screw pumps can also have a single screw or
three screws. 

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Types of Pumps
Screw Pumps: Description and Operation 

Screw Pumps
Operation 

Film 

Types of Pumps
Rotary Pumps: Benefits and Limitations 

Benefits 
High viscosity liquids  
Simple 
Reliable  
Many configurations 
Moderate flows & pressure  
Uniform output 

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Types of Pumps
Rotary Pumps: Benefits and Limitations 

Limitations 

Close internal clearance 

Requires higher viscosity 

Low speed operation  

Requires discharge pressure protection  

Types of Pumps
Rotary Pumps: Summary 

To summarize, rotary pumps are usually used on many

different liquids such as those with higher viscosity.
They are simple, reliable, easy to maintain and cost
effective.
They are produced in a wide range of designs and
configurations for many different applications.
They can be built for moderate rates of flow and
operate up to moderate discharge pressure of about
500 psi. Pump rate of flow is uniform with minimal
pulsation.
 

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Types of Pumps
Rotary Pumps: Summary 

Limitations are due to close internal clearances, which

require higher viscosity liquids for lubrication.
Many operate at speeds below 1800 rpm, which
requires speed reducers with motor drives.
They must also be protected against operation with a
closed discharge valve.
 

Types of Pumps
Summary 

In this module you learned that there are

three main types of pumps: centrifugal,
reciprocating, and rotary. Each of these pump
types has specific benefits and limitations.
 

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Types of Pumps
 

Types of Pumps
The end  

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Types of Pumps
Test 

TEST 

Types of Pumps
Test 

1. Centrifugal pumps are

best suited for
high viscosity
liquids.

True or False?

a. True
b. False

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Types of Pumps
Test 

2. Select the correct pump type by 
identifying its benefits: 

The most common type of pump is:

 
a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

Types of Pumps
Test 

3. Select the correct pump type by 
identifying its benefits: 
Which pump type is especially
effective at very high pressure?

a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

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Types of Pumps
Test 

4. Select the correct pump type by 
identifying its benefits: 

Which pump type operates at

moderate flows and pressure?
a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

Types of Pumps
Test 

5. Select the correct pump type by 
identifying its benefits: 

This pump is designed to handle

high viscosity liquids.
a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

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Types of Pumps
Test 

6. Select the correct pump type by 
identifying its benefits: 

This pump is self priming.

a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

Types of Pumps
Test 

7. Select the correct pump type by 
identifying its benefits: 

This pump can handle high

temperatures.
a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

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Types of Pumps
Test 

8. Select the correct pump type by 
identifying its benefits: 

This pump type is capable of

operating at a very high rate of
flow.
a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

Types of Pumps
Test 

9. Select the correct pump type by 
identifying its benefits: 

This pump is manufactured in many

different configurations.
a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

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Types of Pumps
Test 

10. Select the correct pump type by 
identifying its benefits: 

This pump can handle abrasive

liquids.
a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

Types of Pumps
Test 

11. Low viscosity is a limitation

of which type of pump

a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

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Types of Pumps
Test 

12. Low speed operation is a

limitation of which type of pump?

a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

Types of Pumps
Test 

13. Close internal clearance is a

limitation of which type of pump?

a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

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Types of Pumps
Test 

14. Limited rate of flow is a

limitation of which type of pump?

a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

Types of Pumps
Test 

15. Pressure pulsation is a

limitation of which type of pump?

a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

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Types of Pumps
Test 

16. Select the correct pump type based on 
its application: 

Which pump is best suited for

handling high viscosity liquids?
a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

Types of Pumps
Test 

17. Select the correct pump type based on 
its application: 

Which pump has a high rate of flow

and simple construction?
a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

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Types of Pumps
Test 

18. Select the correct pump type based on 
its application: 

Which pump type can operate at

very high pressure at low flow?

a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

Types of Pumps
Test 

19. Which pump type does not

require discharge pressure
protection?

a. Rotary
b. Reciprocating
c. Centrifugal

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Types of Pumps
Test 

20. Simple construction is a

benefit of which types of pumps?

a. Centrifugal & Rotary

b. Rotary & Reciprocating
c. Reciprocating & Centrifugal

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