Planning 2

• “Legibility” of the cityscape – the ease with which its parts can be recognized and organized in a coherent pattern; a legible city is
one whose districts or landmarks or pathways are easily identifiable and are easily grouped into an into an overall pattern.
Types of Streets

1. Major roads or major arterials

2. Secondary roads (minor arterials)
3. Collector streets
4. Local streets
5. Cul-de-sac

Ecole des Beaux Arts

The most influential school of fine arts founded (as the Academie Royale d’ Architecture in Paris in 1671 by Jean-Baptiste Colbert,
minister of Louis XIV.
Objective: To train architects in the latest design techniques so that they could plan wide scale projects within various communities.

Frederick Law Olmstead- father of American Landscape architecture and nation’s foremost parkmaker.
Notable Commissions:
Prospect park (Brooklyn city)
Central park (Manhattan, New York)
Lagoon (World’s Columbian Expostition)
Ekistics- applies to the science of human settlements. It includes regional, city, community planning and dwelling design, coined by
Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis.
Five elements of human settlements: Nature, Human, Shell, Network, Society
Goal: to make man happy and safe.
Heritage Conservation
• Cultural heritage -- the beliefs, values, practices and objects that give a place its own specific character and identity.
• Practices refer to customary traditions, rituals and ceremonies.
• Objects can be either intangible, such as historical events, or tangible such as furniture, native delicacies, handicrafts.
• Man-made tangible objects, such as buildings.
• Natural tangible objects, such a revered landscape like the Chocolate Hills of Bohol and the Mayon Volcano
• Movable tangible objects can also be either movable, such as paintings, or non-movable such as buildings, streets and town
plazas. Aside from these, immovable objects also include certain districts such as Binondo and San Nicolas in Manila, and even
entire cities such as Vigan in Ilocos Sur.
Social -- ensures that heritage assets continuously provide the community its unique character and identity, and promote pride of
place among its residents.

• Economic -- contributes significantly to tourism and, in the process, generates more revenue for local governments and helps
create jobs and livelihood.

• Political -- An attractive and well-ordered city or municipality projects the authority of the local government and ultimately its
officials. Well preserved historic landmarks project respectability and good taste.

• Environmental – Well preserved heritage structures have less carbon footprint than new construction.
A process that postures existing buildings for new uses while retaining their historic features.

• The ideal adaptive reuse project is that which respects and retains a building’s heritage significance and spirit despite changing its
functional use.

• Oftentimes, adaptive reuse for commercial purposes is the most practical way to induce the preservation of a heritage building.
R.A. 10066 National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009
Mandate
The state shall foster the preservation, enrichment and evolution of a Filipino culture; The state shall conserve, develop, promote and
popularize the nation’s historical and cultural heritage and resources, as well as artistic creations.

Important Cultural Property Items* (Section 5)

a) Works by a Manlilikha ng Bayan; b) Works by a National Artist; c) Archeological and traditional ethnographic materials; d) Works
of national heroes; e) Marked structures; f) Structures dating at least fifty (50) years old; g) Archival material/ document dating at
least fifty (50) years old.

Urban Design is both a product and a process

• Ranges in scale from parts of an environment
• Manifests in all aspects of the physical environment
• Involves what the place looks like, how it feels, what it means, how it works for people who use it

Concerns sensory and cognitive relationships between people and their environment, with how people’s needs, values, and
aspirations can best be accommodated in built forms.

Urban Design is both a product and a process

• Involves the art of shaping the built landscape which has been formed over time by many different actors.
• Tasks may have definite ends or be ongoing. Implementation may or may not be under the designer’s whole or partial control
• Concerns with design ideas and possibilities, with community choices and decisions, and with the urban development process

It has to do with the processes for shaping environments and with the experiential quality of the physical forms and spaces that
result.

Visual-Artistic Tradition
 More ‘architectural’ and narrower understanding of urban design
• Predominantly ‘product-oriented’, focused on the visual qualities and aesthetic experience of urban spaces rather than on the
cultural, social, economic, political and spatial factors and processes contributing to successful urban places.
• Largely failed to acknowledge public perceptions of townscapes and places.

The Social-Usage Tradition

 Emphasized the way in which people use and colonize space
• Encompassed issues of perception and sense of place.
• Kevin Lynch's attempted to shift the focus of urban design
in two ways:
– In terms of appreciation of the urban environment
– In terms of the object of the study

Jane Jacobs – also a key proponent n her book: The Death and Life of Great American Cities arguing that the
city could never be a work of art because art was made by 'selection from life', while a city was 'life at its most vital, complex and
intense’.
Concentrating on the socio-functional aspects of streets, sidewalks and parks, Jacobs’ emphasized their role as containers of human
activity and places of social interaction.

The Making Places

Tradition

From the synthesis of earlier traditions, urban design is simultaneously concerned with the design of urban space as an aesthetic
entity and as a behavioral setting.
• It focuses on the diversity and activity which help to create successful urban places, and, in particular, on how well the physical
milieu supports the functions and activities taking place there.