levan kaxiSvili1

evropis politikuri partiebis

federaciebSi qarTuli partiebis
socializaciis efeqtebi
saqarTvelos politikis instituti (GIP) aris arakomerciuli, arapartiuli, kv-
leviTi da analitikuri organizacia, romelic 2011 wlis dasawyisSi daarsda. GIP
cdilobs saqarTveloSi demokratiuli institutebis organizaciuli safuZvlebis
gaZlierebas da efeqturi mmarTvelobis principebis ganviTarebas politikuri kv-
levisa da advokatirebis gziT. organizaciis mizania, gaxdes kvlevebisa da poli-
tikuri inovaciebis wamyvani centri saqarTvelosa da Savi zRvis regionSi da saku-
Tari wvlili Seitanos regionuli TanamSromlobis ganviTarebisa da politikuri
stabilurobis misaRwevad. 2013 wlidan saqarTvelos politikis instituti aris
euTos akademiuri institutebisa da analitikuri organizaciebis qselis wevri,
xolo 2018 wlidan ki EU-LISTCO-s konsorciumis wevri, romelic xorcieldeba
evrokavSiris “horizonti 2020-is” programis farglebSi.

winamdebare publikacia momzadebulia nacionaluri fondi demokratiisTvis (NED)

finansuri mxardaWeriT. aq gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi ekuTvnis avtors da SesaZloa
ar gamoxatavdes, saqarTvelos politikis institutis da nacionaluri fondi
demokratiisTvis Sexedulebebs.

dokumentis citirebis wesi:

levan kaxiSvili. „evropis politikuri partiebis federaciebSi qarTuli partiebis
socializaciis efeqtebi“, politikis dokumenti #6, saqarTvelos politikis in-
stituti, oqtomberi 2018.

Tavdapirvelad gamoqveynda _ 28 seqtemberi, 2018

gamoqveynda ganaxlebuli saxiT _ 28 oqtomberi, 2018

© Georgian Institute of Politics, 2018

Tel: +995 599 99 02 12
Email: info@gip.ge
www.gip.ge
 sarCevi

Sesavali........................................................................................................4
ideologiuri profilis daxvewa................................................................6
codnaze xelmisawvdomoba da partiuli politikis
`nou-haus~ gadacema...................................................................................10
Sida legitimacia da saerTaSoriso aRiareba...........................................13
Sida konkurenciasa da TanamSromlobaSi daxmareba................................18
daskvna.........................................................................................................19
bibliografia..............................................................................................21
4
Sesavali
funqcionirebadi partiuli politikis
sistemis mSenebloba kompleqsuri pro-
cesia, romelzec ramdenime faqtori
axdens gavlenas. Tavis mxriv, parti-
uli politikis bunebasac aqvs demokra-
tizaciis procesis formirebaze gavle-
na. rac imas niSnavs, rom politikuri
partiebis sistemis saTanado safuZvlis
gareSe warmoudgenelia, saqarTvelom
konsolidirebul demokratias miaR-
wios. winamdebare naSromi fokusirdeba
qarTul partiul politikaze da imaze,
Tu evropuli partiebis federaciebTan
(SemdgomSi „evropartiebi“) urTierToba
ra gavlenas axdens qarTul politikur
partiebze. kvlevis mizani qarTul par-
tiebsa da evropartiebs Soris kavSire-
bis gaanalizebaa. gansakuTrebuli yur-
adReba eTmoba kiTxvas: evropartiebTan
partnioroba gavlenas axdens Tu ara
qarTuli partiebis politikuri plat-
formebis da qveyanaSi evropeizaciisa
da demokratizaciis sakiTxebis dRis
wesrigebis formirebasa an ganviTare-
baze da rogor? agreTve, winamdebare
naSromi, ikvlevs Tu ramdenad aqvT qar-
Tul partiebs Tanmimdevruli politi-
kuri dRis wesrigi, raTa isini evropis
doneze waaxalison da ramdenad iqcevi-
an isini ase.
qaruli politikuri partiebi oTxi
sxvadasxva evropuli partiebis fed-
eraciebis wevrebi an maTTan afilire-
bulebi arian: evropis saxalxo partia
(EPP), evropis socialisturi partia
1
levan kaxiSvili saqarTvelos politikis institutis analitikosia.
2
ALDE erTaderTi evropartiaa, romelic evrokavSiris farglebs gareT dafuZnebul politikur partiebs
srul wevrobas aniWebs.
(PES), liberalebis da demokratebis
aliansi evropisTvis (ALDE) da evropis
konservatorebisa da reformistebis
aliansi (ACRE). saqarTvelos respub-
likuri partia da erTiani nacionalu-
ri moZraoba (UNM) pirveli qarTuli
partiebia, romlebic Sesabamisad 2007
wlidan evropartia ALDE-sTan2, xolo
2008 wlidan EPP-sTan arian afilire-
bulebni. mogvianebiT, sxva qarTulma
partiebmac gaimeros igive: 2012 wels
Tavisufali demokratebi SeuerTdnen
ALDE-s, xolo qarTulma ocnebam evro-
pis socialistur partiaSi (PES) damk-
virveblis statusi miiRo; 2014 wels
saqarTvelos konservatiuli partia
ACRE-sTan afilirebuli partia gaxda,
dabolos, 2017 wels moZraoba Tavisu-
flebisTvis _ evropulma saqarTvelom
EPP-Si moipova damkvirveblis statusi.
evropartiebis wevroba pirobiTia da am
partiis warmomadgenlebis mier Catare-
buli faqtebis damdgeni misiebis Sede-
gebzea damokidebuli, romelic, Tavis
mxriv, aplikanti partiis ideologiuri
orientaciis konkretuli evropartiis
ideologiur poziciebTan Sesabamiso-
bas afasebs. Tumca, ZiriTadad es pro-
cesi formalobaa radgan, rogorc Cans,
aplikaciis proceduraSi gadamwyvet
rols mainc interpersonaluri kavSire-
bi TamaSobs. nakleb mosalodnelia ap-
likaciis miReba partiisgan, romelic am
Tu im evropartiis ideologiasTan Seu-
sabamoa. Tumca, aRniSnuli ideologiu-
ri orientaciebi TiTeuli qveynis kon-

teqstSi, calkeuli SemTxvevis mixedviT
unda gaanalizdes, radgan liberalizmi,
socializmi, konservatizmi da sxva sx-
vadasxva qveynanaSi sxvadasxvanairad
esmiT. interpersonaluri kavSirebis
mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs, erTi mxriv,
EPP-Si axali memarjveneebis gawevriane-
baze erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis
savaraudo araformaluri veto.3 xolo,
meore mxriv, evropulma saqarTvelom
EPP-sTan afilireba martivad moipova,
savaraudod, im faqtis gamo, rom evro-
puli saqarTvelos liderebs, jer kidev
erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis wevro-
bis dros hqondaT EPP-sTan piradi kon-
taqtebi damyarebuli. aman nacionaluri
moZraobis mxridan evropuli saqarT-
velos wevrobis dablokva SeuZlebeli
gaxada.
evropartiebsa da evrokavSiris arawev-
ri qveynebis politikur partiebs So-
ris urTierTobebis Seswavla, kvlevis
SedarebiT axal sferos warmoadgens.
centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis
qveynebis politikur partiebze ev-
ropartiebis gavlena, maSin roca ev-
rokavSiris pirobiTobis politikis
yvelaze mniSvnelovani `jildo~ — ka-
vSiris wevroba iyo, farTod aris Ses-
wavlili. aRniSnuli gavlena zogjer
dadebiTi iyo, calkeul SemTxvevebSi ki
mas ara Tanmimdevruli memarcxene-me-
marjvene konkurenciisken, aramed im
mdgomareobisken mivyavdiT, sadac „yve-
la partias erTi gacxadebuli mizani
aqvs, Tumca sasurveli politikis mis-
aRwevad erTmaneTis kompetenciaze ka-
5
maToben“.4 meore mxriv, saTanadod ar
aris gamokvleuli, Tu ratom SeiZle-
ba surdeT evropartiebs evrokavSiris
arawevri qveynebis adgilobriv par-
tiebTan TanamSromloba. maria Saginas5
Tanaxmad, urTierTTanamSromlobisT-
vis motivacia orive mxares gaaCnia. ev-
ropartiebisTvis es motivacia TavianTi
normebisa da Rirebulebebis gavrcele-
ba da Sesabamisi politikebis waxal-
isebaa. agreTve, evrokavSiris arawevri
qveynebis adgilobriv partiebTan urT-
ierTobiT, evropartiebi da evroparla-
mentarebi ufro metad informirebulni
xdebian da sagareo politikis agentebis
rolSic gvevlinebian. rac Seexeba adgi-
lobriv politikuri partiebs, evropar-
tiebTan maT urTierTobas ufro komp-
leqsuri struqtura aqvs. maria Sagina
gansazRvravs xelSesaxeb anu politi-
kur da araxelSesaxeb anu socialur da
simbolur stimulebs, romlebic eqvsi
tipisaa: ukeTesi xelmisawvdomoba, cod-
na da daxmareba evrokavSirisgan; Sida
legitimacia; saerTaSoriso aRiareba;
evrointegraciis lobirebis iribi Ses-
aZlebloba; partiis ideologiuri pro-
filis daxvewa; dabolos, Sida doneze
maTi qmedebebis politikuri mxardaWera.
winamdebare naSromi, kvlevis ramdenime
meTods iyenebs, maT Soris siRrmiseul
interviuebs, eqspertTa gamokiTxvas,
sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevas, parti-
uli dokumentaciis gaanalizebas (ro-
goricaa manifestebi da wesdebebi) da
aseve, saqarTvelos SemTxvevis da qar-
Tul partiebsa da evropartiebs Soris
urTierTobis analizs.

3
Lavrelashvili, Teona. 2017.Georgian parties and the “Euro-Parties” cooperation, achievements and challenges. Rondeli
Foundation. xelmisawvdomia:https://www.gfsis.org/blog/view/770
4
ix.: Innes, Abby. 2002. Party competition in postcommunist Europe: The great electoral lottery.Comparative Politics,
Vol. 35, No. 1, pp.: 85-104.
5
Shagina, Maria. 2014. The incentive structure of cooperation between the Europarties and the non-EU parties. Paper
prepared for the 23rd World Congress of Political Science, IPSA. July 19-24, 2014, Montréal, Canada.
6

ideologiuri profilis daxvewa

ideologia politikuri partiebis
erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi maxasiaTe-
belia. imis mixedviT, Tu ra ideologias
mihyveba partia, konkretuli sakiTxisa
Tu problemisadmi misi poziciis mTeli
speqtris aRweraa SesaZlebeli. dasav-
leT evropis Semdgar demokratiebSi
miiCneva, rom politikuri ideologie-
bi socialuri gamyofi xazebis gaswvriv
aRmocendnen, romlebic sazogadoebis
sxvadasxva jgufebis urTierTgamom-
ricxavi interesebis gamoxatulebas war-
moadgendnen.6 Tumca, postkomunistur
sazogadoebebSi, rogoricaa saqarTve-
lo, sabWoTa wyobis Svidma aTwleulma
aRniSnuli socialuri gamyofi xazebi,
didwilad, mospo da maT nacvlad axali
ganxeTqilebebi warmoqmna. Sesabamisad,
politikur partiebs TavianTi ideolo-
giebis konkretuli sazogadoebrivi da-
nayofebis gverdiT konsolidaciis Ses-
aZlebloba ar hqondaT. nacvlad amisa,
isini, rogorc wesi, qarizmatuli maxas-
iaTeblebis mqone pirovnebebis garSemo
mobilizdebodnen.7 aseTi politikuri
partiebi, zogjer klientistur partie-
bad transformirdebodnen, romelic
sazogadoebis mobilizebas materialuri
Tu aramaterialuri pirdapiri sargeb-
lis, rogorc arCevnebSi gamarjvebis Se-
degis dapirebiT axdenda.8 meore mxriv,
postsabWoTa hibridul Tu avtorita-
rul reJimebSi politikurma partiebma
sakuTari ideologiuri poziciebis kon-
solidacia am dromde ver SeZles da ver
Camoyalibdnen Tanmimdevrul programa-
tul partiebad.9
programatuli partiebis formire-
ba, an sul mcire, qarTuli politiku-
ri partiebis ideologiuri poziciebis
daxvewaSi wvlilis Setana, qarTul
da evropartiebs Soris urTierTobis
erT-erTi SesaZlo Sedegia. evropar-
tiebis Tanaxmad, damkvirvebeli, aso-
cirebuli an wevri partiebi Sesabamisi
evropartiis ideologiur poziciasTan
unda modiodnen TanxvedraSi. Tumca,
ramdenadac saqarTveloSi politikur
partiebs Tanmimdevruli ideologia ar
aqvT da xSirad, maT mier gacxadebu-
li ideologiuri mimarTuleba arCev-
nebis win gaJRerebul dapirebebTan ar
modis SesabamisobaSi, evropartiebTan
urTierToba qarTuli politikuri par-
tiebisTvis, SesaZloa, sasargeblo in-
strumenti iyos, imisaTvis, rom adgi-
lobriv doneze, konkretul sakiTxebze
sul mcire bundovnad mainc Camoayali-
bon sakuTari poziciebi.
meinstrimuli qarTuli politikuri
partiebis ideologiuri wyobis gasage-
bad eqspertTa gamokiTxva Catarda.
eqspertTa gamokiTxvis mignebebi sami
yvelaze didi partiis (evropartiebis

6
ix: Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Rokkan, Stein. 1990. Cleavage structures, party systems, and voter alignments. In
Peter Mair (ed.).The West European Party System. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. 91-111.
7
ix: Kitschelt, Herbert. 1995. Formation of party cleavages in post-communist democracies: Theoretical propositions.
Vol 1. No.4 pp.: 447-472.
8
ix: Kitschelt, Herbert. 1995. Formation of party cleavages in post-communist democracies: Theoretical propositions.
Vol 1. No.4 pp.: 447-472.
9
ix:Kakhishvili, Levan. 2017. Is democracy possible without stable political parties? Party politics in Georgia and pros-
pects for democratic consolidation. Tbilisi: Georgian Institute of Politics. xelmisawvdomia: http://gip.ge/6401/

wevrebi) gacxadebul ideologias aCven-
ebs. eqspertTa SefasebiT qarTuli oc-
neba memarcxene ideologiisken, xolo
erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba da moZ-
raoba TavisuflebisTvis-evropuli saqa-
grafiki 1: saqarTveloSi partiuli wyobis gadanawileba organzomilebian sivrceze.
mocemuli suraTi saitereso dakvirvebas
gvTavazobs. gamokiTxuli eqspertebis
mier memarjveneobisken gadaxrili yve-
la partia ufro metad libertanianuli,
xolo yvela memarcxeneobisken gadaxri-
li partia ufro metad avtoritarulad
Sefasda. Tumca, ucnobia, arsebobs Tu
ara raime maxasiaTebeli, romelic speq-
tris romelime mxares yofnas ukavSir-
deba, da memarcxeneobasa da avtorita-
rulobas Soris korelacias axsnida. es
SesaZloa, Semdgomi kvlevebis Tema iyos.
ideologiuri poziciis meore mniSvnelo-
vani aspeqtia konkretuli sakiTxebis
mniSvnelobis xarisxi. konrketul prob-
7
rTvelo memarjveneobisken ixrebian (ix-
ileT grafiki 1). aRniSnuli adasturebs,
rom es sami partia marTlac im evrop-
ul partiebTan arian federaciaSi, rom-
lebTanac msgavs ideologias iziareben.
lemebTan mimarTebaSi partiebis pozi-
cia imas miuTiTebs, politikuri partia
marcxniv ixreba Tu marjvniv da liber-
tanulia Tu avtoritaruli. sakitxebis
anu problemebis mniSvnelobis xarisxi
imis indikatoria, Tu arsebuli mdgo-
mareobis ra aspeqti aris politikuri
partiis mier problemizirebuli. aR-
niSnuli Seexeba imas, Tu ra saxis prob-
lemebis gadaWra surT partiebs da ra
saxis politikebs sTavazoben isini Tavi-
aT amomrCevlebs. sakiTxebis mniSvnelo-
bis xarisxis Sesafaseblad ekonomika da
tradiciuli Rirebulebebi iqna gamokv-
leuli (ixileT grafiki 2).
8
grafiki 2: tradiciuli Rirebulebebisa da ekonomikis mniSnelobis xarisxi qarTu-
li politikuri partiebisTvis.

mocemuli grafikidan Cans, rom gamokiTx- erTi mniSvnelovani dakvirveba iqnebo-

uli eqspertebis TvalsazrisiT saqarTve- da, qarTuli ocnebis mier ekonomikur
loSi sami partiaa, romelic tradiciuli sakiTxebze metad tradiciuli Rire-
Rirebulebebs ufro maRal mniSnelobas bulebebisTvis prioritetis mcired gad-
aniWebs, vidre ekonomikis. samive partia aWarbebulad miniWeba. aRniSnuli zustad
memarcxeneobisken gadaxrili partiaa, ar asaxavs memarcxeneobisken midrekili
maT Soris, erT-erTi mmarTveli partia ZiriTadi politikuri partiebis sakiTx-
_ qarTuli ocnebaa. meore jgufSi Sedian ebis mniSnelobis xarisxs iseT qveynebSi,
partiebi, romlebic ekonomikur sakiTx- rogoricaa germania da didi britaneTi.
ebs tradiciul Rirebulebebze met mniS- germaniis social-demokratiuli partia
vnelobas aniWeben. esenia: erTiani nacio- da britaneTis leiboristuli partiebi
naluri moZraoba, evropuli saqarTvelo tradiciul Rirebulebebze metad (zus-
da leiboristuli partia. es ukanaskne- tad 3 quliT) upiratesobas ekonomikas
li gamonakliss warmoadgens da tenden- aniWeben.10
cias arRvevs, Tumca, sxva mxriv danarCen
politikur partiebTan SeTavsebadia. aq aRsaniSnavia, rom rogorc wesi, evropar-
10
Chapel Hill Expert Survey. 2014. monacemebi xelmisawvdomia aq: https://www.chesdata.eu/ches-stats/
winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi Catarebuli eqspertTa gamokiTxvis modelad Capel hilis eqspertuli
gamokiTxva iqna aRebuli. Sesabamisad, Sedegebis Sedareba mniSvnlovani naklovanebebis gareSe iqneba Sesa-
Zlebeli.

tiebi TavianT wevrebs ar miuTiTeben
ra poziciebi unda daikavon maT an ra
politikebi unda ganaviTaron. aseve, ev-
ropartiebi winasaarCevno programebis
SedgenaSic ar monawileoben. amitom, Sida
asparezi TiTqmis mTlianad individual-
uri partiebis saTamaSo moedania da fed-
eraciebi maTSi ar erTvebian. saerTo ide-
ologiur poziciebTan Seusabamoba ufro
mniSvnelovania, vidre sakiTxebis mniSne-
lobis xarisxebs Soris gansxvaveba. Ses-
abamisad, adgilobriv partiazea damok-
idebuli, unda Tu ara mas federaciis
SigniT myofi ufro gamocdili kolegebi-
sgan gadmoiRos sakiTxebis mniSvnelobis
xarisxis struqtura. sxva mxriv, social-
izaciis procesi iseTia, rom normebis
da Rirebulebebis gadacema maSinac ki
moxdeba, Tuki aqtorebs amis ganzraxva
ar aqvT. amdenad, am Teoriul daSveba-
ze dayrdnobiT, SesaZlebelia arsebobd-
nen adgilobrivi partiebi, romlebic
evropartiebisgan xelSesaxeb sargebels
ufro aqtiurad eZebdnen, vidre normebi-
sa da Rirebulebebis gaziarebas.
SeiZleba imis mtkiceba, rom evropar-
tiebma mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSes qar-
Tuli ocnebis ideologiuri poziciebis
Camoyalibebaze. 2012 wels politikur
moZraobad Camoyalibebuli qarTuli
ocneba 12 ZiriTad princips eyrdnobo-
da, romelTa umravlesoba Tavisi arsiT
sufTad politikuri iyo da ekonomikur
sakiTxebs mxolod ori maTgan ukavSir-
deboda.11 ekonomikasTan dakavSirebuli
pirveli principi iyo umuSevrobis da
siRaribis daZleva, mcire da saSualo
biznesebis da soflis meurneobis ganvi-
TarebiT, sakuTrebis da Sromis ufle-
bebis dacvisa da saqarTvelos msof-
11
Civil Georgia. 2012. koalicia `qarTuli ocnebis~ damfuZnebeli deklaracia. xelmisawvdomia: https://old.
civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=25137&search=
12
Shagina, Maria. 2014. The incentive structure of cooperation between the Europarties and the non-EU parties. Paper
prepared for the 23rd World Congress of Political Science, IPSA. July 19-24, 2014, Montréal, Canada.
9
lio ekonomikur sistemaSi integraciis
gziT. meore principi ki, socialuri
solidarobis sistemis Seqmna iyo, ro-
melic SromisuunaroTaTvis Rirseul
sacxovrebel pirobebs uzrunvelyof-
da. aRniSnuli ori principi, SesaZloa,
memarcxeneobisaken midrekili politi-
kuri partiis sawyisad miviCnioT. Tumca
SesaZlebelia isic, rom sxva ori faqto-
ri — opozicia nacionalur moZraobasa
da maTi EPP-s wevrobasTan mimarTeba-
Si — iyo is, rac sinamdvileSi gansaz-
Rvravda qarTuli ocnebis ideologi-
ur pozicias. aseT SemTxvevaSi cxadia,
qarTul ocnebas nacionaluri moZrao-
bisgan gansxvavebuli politikebi unda
SemoeTavazebina amomrCevlisTvis.
Tavdapirvelad, qarTuli ocneba sxva-
dasxva, TiTqmis, urTierTgamomricxavi
ideologiebis mqone politikuri par-
tiebis koalicia iyo. qarTuli ocnebis
ideologiis formirebis ganxilva, parti-
is wevrebsa da evroparlamentis wevrebs
Soris gaCaRebuli e.w. `werilebis omis~
xsenebis gareSe warmoudgenelia.12 qa-
rTuli ocnebis, rogorc politikuri
partiis Camoyalibebidan erTi wlis Sem-
deg, evroparlamentis 23 wevrma — maT
Soris EPP-dan 19-ma — imdroindel pre-
mier-ministr biZina ivaniSvils gaugza-
vna werili, sadac mas saqarTvelos ev-
ropisgan daSorebaSi adanaSaulebdnen.
am braldebebs daviT usufaSvilma, im
droisTvis parlamentis Tavmjdomarem,
upasuxa, romelsac, Tavis mxriv, AL-
DE-sTan hqonda kavSirebi. aRniSnulma
incidentma, SesaZloa, motivacia mis-
ca qarTul ocnebas, moeZebnaT feder-
acia, romelic amgvar TavdasxmebTan
gamklavebas SeZlebda. aseTi partniori
10
ki evropis socialisturi partia (PES)
aRmoCnda. e.w. „werilebis oms“ aRniSnul
partiasTan araformaluri molaparake-
bebis dawyeba mohyva Sedegad. Sesabamis-
ad, PES-Tan Tavsebadobis mizniT, qarTu-
li ocnebis ideologiuri pozicia unda
Camoyalibebuliyo, rogorc memarcx-
ene-centristuli. SesaZloa, swored
es iyo imis mizezi, Tu ratom moaxdina
partiis wesdebis ganaxleba qarTulma
codnaze xelmisawvdomoba da partiuli
politikis `nou-haus~ gadacema
ideologia da im Rirebulebebis gaziareba
da daswavla, romlebic ideologiebidan
momdinareobs, evropartiebsa da qarTul
politikur partiebs Soris urTierTobis
mxolod erTi nawilia. ufro mniSvnelo-
vani ganzomileba — an is, romelic praq-
tikaSi yvelaze intesniurad gamoiyeneba —
Sida asparezze gavlenis moxdenis sakiTxs
exeba. Catarebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom
qarTuli politikuri partiebisTvis, gan-
sakuTrebiT nacionaluri moZraobisa da
evropuli saqarTvelosTvis, evropuli
partiebis aliansSi maTi wevrobis mmarT-
vel partiaze gavlenis mosaxdenad gam-
oyenebaa mniSvnelovani. evropis saxalxo
partiis wevroba qarTuli opoziciuri
partiebis mier evropaSi politikuri mx-
ardaWeris mobilizebis instrumentad
xSirad gamoiyeneba. metic, samecniero
literaturis mixedviT, evropartiebic
arian dainteresebulni, rom wevrebis sa-
Sinao asparezze mxardasaWerad TavianTi
gavlena gamoiyenon, radgan surT, rom
evrokavSiris sagareo urTierTobebSi
aqtorebis roli moirgon da ase gazard-
on sakuTari gavlena. amgvarad, aRniSnuli
procesi orive mxarisTvis momgebianad ga-
moiyureba.
Tumca, meore mxriv, arsebobs ro-
ocnebam da Tavi memarcxene-centristul
politikur partiad gansazRvra. am in-
cidents sxva mniSvnelovan aspeqtamdec
mivyavarT, es aris Sida legitimacia an
saqmianobis mxardaWera da agreTve, saer-
TaSoriso aRiareba. miuxedavad imisa,
rom es sakiTxebi maria Saginam calkeul
stimulebad gansazRvra, isini erTmane-
Tze mWidrod aris gadajaWvuli da maTi
cal-calke ganxilva SeuZlebelia.
gorc gamowvevebi, aseve SesaZleblobe-
bi. es ukanaskneli evropuli partiebis
aliansebSi wevrobis efeqturad gamoy-
enebas ukavSirdeba. es aliansebi codnisa
da gamocdilebis miRebis farTo wyaros
warmoadgenen, romelic SesaZlebelia
nebismierma im wevrma, damkvirvebelma Tu
asocirebulma partiam gamoiyenos, rom-
lebic instituciurad maTi evropeli ko-
legebis doneze ar arian ganviTarebul-
ni. amdenad, SesaZlebelia, rom qarTuli
partiebisTvis moewyos saswavlo vizite-
bi, treningebi, konsultaciebi da sxva,
imdenad ramdenadac amis survili da Se-
sabamisi finansuri resursebi arsebobs.
rac Seexeba gamowvevebs, centralur da
aRmosavleT evropis qveynebze samecnie-
ro literatura xSirad amtkicebs, rom
am qveynebSi partiul politikur siste-
mas evropulma integraciam ziani miayena,
radgan Sida aqtorebi evrokavSiris piro-
biTobis politikis farglebSi maTTvis
micemul instruqciebs mihyvebodnen, par-
tiul politikaSi socialuri gamyofi xa-
zebi waiSala da mxolod erTi ganzomileba
aRmocenda, romlis gaswvrivac ganlagd-
nen partiebi: evropuli integraciisken
Tu mis winaaRmdeg yofna. am istoriuli
gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelo-
vania, rom qarTulma politikurma par-
 11
tiebma Tavdapirvelad, SeimuSavon Tanmim- interesis naklebobis erTi potenci-
devruli ideologiebi da programebi, da uri axsna SiZleba iyos finansebi. mag-
amavdroulad, SeinarCunon unikaluroba, aliTad, Tuki romelime politikuri
rogorc Sida aseve evropul doneze. partia dainteresebulia gaigos rogor
keTdeba politika da partiebi rogor
aRsaniSnavia, rom erT-erTma respondent- arian instituciurad organizebuli sx-
ma partiul politikaSi evropartiebis vadasxva evropul qveynebSi, partniori
mier dagrovebul codnasa da gamoc- evropartia treningebisTvis, saswavlo
dilebas strategiuli mniSvneloba mian- vizitebisa Tu amgvari aqtivobebisTvis
iWa. aRniSnuli respondentis Tanaxmad, misTvis finansur mxardaWeras ar uz-
evropartiebsa da adgilobriv politi- runvelyofs. amgvari aqtivobebisTvis
kur partiebs Soris urTierTobebi, ro- finansuri resursebis mobilizeba adg-
gorc is uwodebs „partiuli politikis ilobrivi partiebis pasuxismgeblobaa.
nou-haus“ transferze unda damyardes. Tumca, saqarTveloSi moqmedi poli-
„nou-hau“ moicavs imasac, rasac Sagina13 tikuri partiebis mcire finansuri re-
uwodebs ara mxolod partiebis ideolo- sursebis gamo, aRniSnuli jer kidev
giur poziciebis daxvewas, aramed aseve gamowvevad rCeba. „saerTaSoriso gam-
informaciaze wvdomas da codnis gad- Wirvaloba saqarTvelo“-s monacemebis
acemas imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda mox- mixedviT,16 2012 wlidan saqarTveloSi
des politikuri kavSiris organizeba ise, moqmedma politikurma partiebma jamu-
rom is gamWirvale, demokratiuli da in- rad Semowirulobebis saxiT 105,910,256
stituciurad stabiluri iyos. qarTuli lari miiRes (ixileT grafiki 3). Semow-
politikuri partiebis Sida demokratia- irulobebis mimRebi politikuri par-
sa da instituciur siZlieres warsulSi tiebis ricxvis gaTvaliswinebiT, es
akritikebdnen da am sferoebSi ganviTare- Tanxa saSualod 1,357,824 laria eqvs
bis saWiroebas Tavad partiebic aRiare- welze meti periodisTvis, rac imas
ben.14 saqarTvelos yofilma premier-min- niSnavs, rom TiTeuli partia Semowir-
istrma („qarTuli ocneba“) ganacxada, rom ulobebis saxiT wliurad, saSualod,
qarTulma ocnebam ver SeZlo, rom in- 210,000 larze naklebs iRebs. cxadia, rom
stituciurad aRmocenebuliyo rogorc es didi Tanxa ar aris. sxva problemaa,
politikuri partia.15 aRniSnuli mianiS- roca am Semowirulobebis umetesi nawi-
nebs, rom `partiuli politikis nou-hau~ li mmarTvel partias ekuTvnis. kerZod,
didi mniSvnelobis matarebeli unda iyos. qarTulma ocnebam Semowirulobebis
Tumca, rogorc Cans qarTuli partiebi am saxiT 50,506,940 lari, anu mTeli Tanxis
SesaZleblobas ar iyeneben. 48 procenti miiRo. erTiani nacionalu-
ri moZraoba ki 25,196,355 lariTa da 24
Sidapartiul mmarTvelobasTan dakav- procentiT meore adgilzea. es niSnavs
Sirebuli codnis gaziareba-gadacemis imas, 2012-2018 ww. periodSi individu-
13
Shagina, Maria. 2014. The incentive structure of cooperation between the Europarties and the non-EU parties. Paper
prepared for the 23rd World Congress of Political Science, IPSA. July 19-24, 2014, Montréal, Canada.
14
Kakhishvili, Levan. 2018. Competing for Votes of Ethnic Minorities in Georgia: The 2017 local elections. Center for
Studies of Ethnicity and Multiculturalism: Tbilisi. xelmisawvdomia: http://csem.ge/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/
Competing-for-Votes-of-Ethnic-Minorities_Eng.pdf
15
radio Tavisufleba. 2018. giorgi kvirikaSvili: partia `qarTuli ocneba~ instituciad jer ver Camoyal-
ibda. xelmisawvdomia: https://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/a/29202252.html
16
Transparency International Georgia. 2018. Donations to Georgian political parties. Available at: https://www.trans-
parency.ge/politicaldonations/en/parties?page=all
12
aluri Tu iuridiuli pirebisgan orma
politikurma partiam jamSi Semowiru-
lobebis 72 procenti miiRo. aRniSnu-
li monacemebi mianiSnebs faqtze, rom
SedarebiT patara politikuri partie-
bi, magaliTad rogorebic arian Tavis-
ufali demokratebi an respublikuri
partia — orive ALDE-s wevri partiaa
da ukanaskneli eqvsi wlis ganmavloba-
grafiki 3: saqarTveloSi moqmedi politikuri partiebis Semowirulobebi, 2012-2018ww.
Si politikuri SemowirulobebiT jamu-
rad mxolod 5.1 milioni lari miiRes
— nakleb savaraudoa, rom evrokavSirSi
saswavlo vizitebis Tavad dafinanse-
bas SeZleben. Tavis mxriv, yvelaze didi
politikuri partiebi, qarTuli ocne-
ba da nacionaluri moZraoba, rogorc
Cans, instituciuri ganviTarebisa da
Sida demokratiis garda sxva sakiTxeb-
iTac arian dainteresebulni.

wyaro: Transparency International Georgia. 2018. Donations to Georgian political parties.

xelmisawvdomia: https://www.transparency.ge/politicaldonations/en/parties?page=all

Sida legitimacia da saerTaSoriso aRiareba
politikuri aqtorebisTvis saerTaSor-
iso kavSirebsa Tu organizaciebSi wev-
robis instrumentalizeba uCveulo ar
aris. amitom, adgilobriv politikur
partiebs, romlebic TavianT politikur
TamaSs or, Sida da saerTaSoriso doneze
TamaSoben, xSirad Sida SejibrebiToba
saerTaSoriso donezec gaaqvT, saer-
TaSoriso mxardaWera ki Sida konkuren-
ciaSi gadmoaqvT. es strategia saer-
TaSoriso aRiarebis ufro maRali donis
miRwevis mizniT Seiqna imisaTvis, rom
erTi mxriv, gaizardos partiis unari,
evropis doneze moaxdinos saerTaSo-
riso mxardaWeris mobilizeba da rom
saerTaSoriso mxardaWera legitimaciis
wyarod gamoiyenos aramxolod sagareo
politikaSi sxva aqtorebisa da qveynebis
winaaRmdeg, aramed adgilobriv donezec
sxva partiebis winaaRmdeg konkurenci-
is dros. zemoaRniSnuli e.w. “werilebis
omi~ idealuri magaliTia imisa, Tu ro-
gor SeiZleba, rom evropartiebis wev-
robis Sidapolitikuri brZolebisTvis
instrumentalizeba moxdes.
aRniSnuli varaudis ukan dgas idea,
rom saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi inte-
graciisadmi mxadaWera mosaxleobaSi
mniSvnelovnad maRalia, amdenad evroka-
vSiri da misi institutebi — maT Soris,
evroparlamenti da evropartiebi — Sei-
Zleba Sida legitimaciis wyaro iyos.
yofili komunisturi sazogadoebebi,
gansakuTrebiT qarTuli sazogadoeba,
evropeli kolegebisgan dakvirvebebi-
sa da Sefasebebis mosmenas miCveulni
arian. magaliTad, yoveli arCevnebis
Semdeg, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo sazo-
13
gadoeba euTos demokratiuli insti-
tutebisa da adamianis uflebebis ofi-
sis (OSCE ODIHR) angariSs yovelTvis
aRelvebiT elis. aRmosavleT partnio-
robis farglebSi warmoebulma piro-
biTobis politikam, centraluri da
aRmosavleT evropis qveynebisTvis ev-
rokavSirSi gawevrianebis pirobiToba-
ze rom araferi vTqvaT, Tavisi wvlili
Seitana im ganwyobis formirebaSi, rom
Tbiliss dasavleTisgan instruqciebi
esaWiroeba. es ganwyoba sargeblis mom-
tani SeiZleba iyos maSin, rodesac si-
frTxiliT gamoiyeneba, Tumca saxifaTo
SeiZleba gaxdes, rodesac borotad aris
gamoyenebuli. Tuki meqanizmi kargavs
ndobas an demonizirebulia, aRiarebis
da legitimaciis strategia marcxs gan-
icdis. saqarTveloSi arseboben amomava-
li populisturi Zalebi, romlebic amis
gakeTebas cdiloben. Tumca, es calke
kvlevis sagania. winamdebare naSromis
mizans rom davubrundeT, mniSvnelova-
nia imis xazgasma, rom qarTul politi-
kur elitas aqvs molodini, rom qarTu-
li sazogadoeba ndobas gamoucxadebs
evropidan saqarTvelos misamarTiT ga-
JRerebul Sefasebebs.
aRniSnul mosazrebas erTi problema
aqvs. SesaZloa, samoqalaqo sazogadoeba
marTlac endoba evropel oficialur
pirebs da afasebs im politikur par-
tiebs, romlebic evropul Rirebule-
bebs iziareben. Tumca situacia sxvag-
varia, roca saqme saSualo statistikur
moqalaqes exeba. monacemebis ararsebo-
bis miuxedavad, romelic im tendenciis
gaanalizebis saSualebas mogvcemda, Tu
14
ramdenad endoba qarTuli sazogadoe-
ba evropeli oficialuri pirebis mier
saqarTvelos misamarTiT gakeTebul
gancxadebebs, mainc aris SesaZlebe-
li davinaxoT arsebobs Tu ara kavSi-
ri politikuri partiis popularoba-
sa da sazogadoebis aRqmas Soris, rom
mocemuli politikuri partia evrop-
ul Rirebulebebs iziarebs. aRniSnuli
SesaZloa iyos is miaxloebuli sazomi,
romelsac SeuZlia gvanaxos Tu rogor
aRiqvamen qarTvelebi kavSirebs qarTul
partiebsa da evrokavSirs an ufro far-
Tod, evropas Soris.
ar akeTebs aqcents. am analizis gakeTebis
dros mTavari problemaa, Tu ramdenad
iqneba SesaZlebeli raime safuZvliani
korelaciis damyareba erTi mxriv par-
tias, romelic evropul Rirebulebebs
iziarebs da meore mxriv am partiisad-
mi sazogadoebiv ganwyobas Soris. unda
aRiniSnos, rom cifrebi ar aris aucile-
beli, rom aRwerdnen im dones, Tu re-
alurad ramdenad iziareben politiku-
ri partiebi evropul Rirebulebebs. am
SemTxvevaSi sazogadoebrivi ganwyoba
ufro mniSvnelovania da winamdebare naS-
romis fokusic swored es aris.

sazogadoebriv ganwyobebis kvlevis Se- grafik 4-ze mocemuli monacemebi aCven-

degad miRebuli monacemebi — ramdenad
iziareben evropul Rirebulebebs qar-
Tuli politikuri partiebi da Tu ro-
goria maT mimarT sazogadoebis ganwyo-
bebi — ramdenime saintereso daskvnis
gakeTebis SesaZleblobas iZleva. qvemoT
mocemuli grafiki 417 aCvenebs imas, Tu
ramdenad iziarebs, sazogadoebis aRqmiT,
konkretuli politikuri partia evro-
pul Rirebulebebs da ra saxis ganwyo-
bebi aqvs xalxs maT mimarT. aRniSnulma
monacemebma SesaZloa mniSvnelovani in-
formacia mogvces partiis evropul Ri-
rebulebebsa (sazogadoebis aRqmiT) da
mis dadebiT reitings Soris kavSirze.
politikuri partiis reitingi komple-
qsur sakiTxs warmoadgens iseT qveyana-
Si rogoric saqarTveloa da SesaZloa,
cifrebi damabneveli iyos maTTvis, vi-
sac arCevnebis Sedegebis prognozireba
unda.18 Tumca winamdebare naSromi arCev-
nebSi partiebis gamarjvebis albaTobaze
ebs, rom sazogadoebaSi dabneulobis
maRali donea — mosaxleobis didi naw-
ili ver wyvets partiebi iziareben Tu
ara evropul Rirebulebebs. kiTxvaze
pasuxad „ar vici“-s wili 26 procen-
tidan 50 procentamde meryeobs. pasux-
ebis kategorias `arcerTi~ aseve didi
wili aqvs — 15-dan 28 procentamde. rac
or rames SeiZleba niSnavdes. pirveli,
sazogadoeba ar aris darwmunebuli,
realurad ras niSnavs evropuli Rire-
bulebebi. swored amitomaa, rom xalxi
ver pasuxobs esa Tu is partia iziarebs
Tu ara evropul Rirebulebebs. meore,
politikuri partiebi Tavad gamoxat-
aven iseT konfliqtur Rirebulebebs,
rac moqalaqeebs urTulebs davalebas,
gadawyviton Tu ramdenad iziareben isi-
ni evropul Rirebulebebs. Tumca, Sesa-
Zlebelia isic, rom am orive faqtoris
kombinacia axdendes sazogadoebrivi
ganwyobebis formirebas.

17
monacemebSi Semdegi partiebi iyo warmodgenili: UNM _ erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba; OGFD _ Cveni
saqarTvelo Tavisufali demokratebi; RP _ respublikuri partia; GD _ qarTuli ocneba; CP _ konservati-
uli partia; APG _ saqarTvelos patriotTa aliansi; NF _ erovnuli forumi; LP _ leiboristuli partia;
IWSG _ mrewveloba gadaarCens saqarTvelos; DM _ demokratiuli moZraoba.
18
Gutbrod, Hans, and Dunbar, William, 2016. Corridor of expectations: Georgian Dream ahead, for #GVote16. xelmisaw-
vdomia: https://medium.com/@hansgutbrod/georgian-dream-ahead-according-to-aggregate-estimate-406f2831ebd2#.
evoo748lz
 15
grafiki 4: politikuri partiebi da evropuli Rirebulebebi

wyaro: The Caucasus Research Resource Centers. 2015. `Knowledge and attitudes toward
the EU in Georgia, 2015~. mopovebulia ODA-s meSveobiT – http://caucasusbarometer.org

SezRuduli monacemebis miuxedavad, likuri partia (RP) da qarTuli oc-

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ramdenad iz-
iareben isini evropul Rirebulebebs
mocemuli aTi politikuri partia sam
jgufad SeiZleba daiyos. partiebis
pirveli jgufSi Sedian: erTiani na-
cionaluri moZraoba (UNM) da Cveni
saqarTvelo Tavisufali demokratebi
(OGFD), radgan sazogadoebis mesamedze
mets sjera, rom isini evropul Rire-
bulebebs iziareben. meore kategoria
aseve or partias aerTianebs: respub-
neba (GD). gamokiTxulTa 25 procenti
miiCnevs, rom isini evropul Rirebule-
bebs iziareben. mesame jgufi ki danar-
Cen partiebs aerTianebs. Tumca mesame
jgufi, iseT or poltikur partias moi-
cavs _ mrewveloba gadaarCens saqarTve-
los (IWSG) da demokratiuli moZraoba
(DM) _ romlebic gamokiTxulTa 27 da
34 procentisTvis evropul Rirebulebs
ar atareben. es ori siaSi yvelaze maRa-
li maCvenebelia.
16
grafiki 5: sazogadoebrivi ganwyobebi politikuri partiebis mimarT

wyaro: The Caucasus Research Resource Centers. 2015. `Knowledge and attitudes toward
the EU in Georgia, 2015~. mopovebulia ODA-s meSveobiT – http://caucasusbarometer.org

miuxedavad imisa, rom grafiki 5 ar ganwyobebis ufro maRali maCvenebeli

prognozirebs arCevnebis Sedegebs, igi
uCvenebs, Tu romel partias aRiqvams
sazogadoeba dadebiTad. gamokveTili
partiebia: qarTuli ocneba, saqarTve-
los patriotTa aliansi, leiboristu-
li partia da demokratiuli moZraoba.
qarTuli ocneba zemoT meore jgufSi
kategorizda. am SemTxvevaSi mas dadeb-
iTi ganwyobis wilis igive procentuli
maCvenebeli hqonda rac erTian naciona-
lur moZraobas, romelic orjer meti
gamokiTxulis mier miiCneva, rom ev-
ropul Rirebulebebs iziarebs. patri-
otTa alianss, leiboristul partiasa
da demokratiul moZraobas dadebiTi
aqvT _ 13, 15 da 10 procenti _ vidre
respublikur partias (10 procenti). im
faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom respubli-
kur partias gamokiTxulTa or-samjer
meti raodenoba aRiqvams partiad, ro-
melic evropul Rirebulebebs iziarebs,
vidre am sami partiidan romelime, Sei-
Zleba davaskvnaT, rom rogorc Cans,
evropuli Rirebulebebi ar aris is um-
Tavresi faqtori, romelic politikuri
partiebis mimarT saxalxo ganwyobebis
formirebas axdens.
winamdebare analizis Sedegebi aCven-
ebs, rom konkretuli partiis kavSire-

bi (sazogadoebrivi aRqmebis mixedviT)
evropasTan ganapirobebs am partiis
popularobas. amgvarad, gadaWarbebuli
iqneboda dagveskvna, rom evroparti-
asTan afiliacias adgilobriv doneze
legitmaciis maRali xarisbi moaqvs.
Tumca, eWvgareSea, rom evropis do-
neze mxardaWeris mobilizebiT adgilo-
briv partiebs politikuri diskursis
konkretuli mimarTulebiT wayvana, an
iseTi Temis problematizeba SeuZli-
aT, romeli iqamde problemad ar miiC-
neoda. Sedegad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
legitimaciis strategia pragmatuli
iaraRia, romelic didi sifrTxiliT
unda iqnas gamoyenebuli, raTa misi Ses-
aZleblobebiT borotad ar isargeblon.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, arsebobs Sesa-
Zlebloba, rom am iaraRis Sedegebi kon-
trproduqtiuli gaxdes.
ganxilvis gareSe ar unda darCes saer-
TaSoriso aRiarebis mniSvnelobac. 2012
wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg,
axladarCeul qarTul ocnebas saer-
TaSoriso asparezze, gansakuTrebiT,
maSindeli prezidentis mixeil saakaS-
vilis aqtiuri midgomebisa da mWidro
saerTaSoriso kontaqtebis fonze, Tavis
damkvidreba sWirdeboda. erTian nacio-
nalur moZraobas saerTaSoriso doneze
upiratesoba hqonda, radgan is ukve iyo
EPP-is wevri. Sesabamisad, saerTaSor-
iso mxardaWeris mobilizebis mizniT,
evropuli partiebis federaciaSi wev-
robis mniSvnelobis gasacnobiereblad
qarTul ocnebas didi dro ar dasWirve-
bia. qarTuli ocneba SeeuerTda PES-s,
romelic EPP-is Semdeg evroparlamen-
tSi warmodgenili rigiT meore yvelaze
didi partiaa.
19
European People’s Party. 2015. The backsliding of democracy in Georgia. Emergency resolution adopted at the EPP
Congress, Madrid (Spain), 21st-22nd October 2015.
20
European People’s Party. 2015. The backsliding of democracy in Georgia. Emergency resolution adopted at the EPP
Congress, Madrid (Spain), 21st-22nd October 2015.
17
evropis partiebis federaciaSi wevrobas
qarTuli partiebi ZiriTadad sakuTari
politikuri dRis wesrigis xelSesawyo-
bad, saerTaSoriso aRiarebisa da Sida
legitimaciis mopovebis mizniT iyene-
ben, rac Tavis mxriv, ar gadaiTargmneba
saqarTvelos evropeizaciis dRis wes-
rigSi. rogorc Cans, qarTuli partiebis
evroparlamentSi wevrobis umTavresi
funqcia evropul doneze politiku-
ri mxardaWeris mobilizebaa, Tumca
sakuTari TavisTvis da ara qveynisT-
vis. magaliTad, erTaderTi rezolucia
saqarTveloze, romelic evropis sax-
alxo partiis oficialur vebgverdzea
xelmisawvdomi, 2015 wlis oqtomberSi
miRebuli sagangebo rezoluciaa saxel-
wodebiT „demokratiis ukusvla saqarT-
veloSi“.19 rezoluciis miReba tell-
ekompania rusTavi 2-is kuTvnilebis
sakiTxis garSemo mimdinare movlenebma
ganapiroba, televiziisa, romelic Tavis
mxriv, mWidrod asocirdeba nacionalur
moZraobasTan. rezolucia `daJinebiT
mouwodebs, rom am tendenciebis [poli-
tikuri instrumentalizacia, sasamarT-
los gadawyvetilbebebis SezRudva da
arasaTanado gavlena] Secvlis uunaroba
seriozul zians miayenebs saqarTvelos
da evropuli erebis ojaxisken misi sv-
lis progress.~20
sxva mxriv, evropuli mxardaWeris gam-
oyenebis warmatebuli SemTxvevebic yo-
fila. or sxvadasxva dros, ALDE-m saqa-
rTvelos mxardasaWeri rezoluciebi
miiRo: pirvelad, 2008 wlis oqtomberSi
da meored, 2016 wlis ivnisSi. pirveli
rezolucia agvistos omis sapasuxod
iqna miRebuli da ambobda, rom `ruseTis
SeWra da mis mier samxreT oseTisa da
18
afxazeTis okupacia da maTi damoukide-
blobis calmxrivi aRiareba unda daig-
mos~. aseve, aRniSnuli gancxadeba yvela
mxares mouwodebda moeZebnaT sivrce di-
alogisTvis, raTa kavkasiasa da mis far-
glebs gareTac mSvidobisTvis mieRwiaT.21
ALDE-s meore rezolucia saqarTvelo-
sa da ukrainisTvis vizaliberalizaciis
miniWebis sakiTxs exeboda. rezolucia
Sida konkurenciasa da TanamSromlobaSi
daxmareba
qarTul partiebsa da evropartiebs So-
ris urTierTobis kidev erTi mniSvnelo-
vani efeqti momdinareobs faqtidan,
rom evropartiebi dainteresebulni ar-
ian adgilobriv doneze maTi ideolo-
giuri orientaciis gaZlierebiT. am
mizniT, isini xSirad axaliseben maTTan
afilirebuli partiebis TanamSromlo-
bas an gaerTianebasac ki, im SemTxvevaSi
Tuki aseTi erTze meti partia arsebobs.
sxva sakiTxia, Tu ramdenad miyvebian re-
komendaciebs qarTuli partiebi. gasaan-
alizeblad ori SemTxvevaa gansakuTebiT
saintereso. pirvelia, 2016 wlis sapar-
lamento arCevnebamde periodSi ALDE-s
CarTuloba respublikur partiasTan da
Tavisufal demokratebTan. meore, da
ufro warmatebuli SemTxveva, 2018 wlis
oqtombris saprezidento arCevnebSi
EPP-is daxmarebiT miRweuli SeTanxme-
ba nacionalur moZraobasa da evropul
saqarTvelos Soris.
rodesac Tavisufalma demokratebma qa-
rTuli ocnebis mmarTveli koalicia da-
21
European Liberal, Democrat and Reform Party. 2008. Response to the conflict in Georgia. Congress in Stockholm, Swe-
den.
22
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats of Europe Party. 2016. Visa liberalisation with Ukraine and Georgia. Congress in
Vilnius, Lithuania.
23
Shagina, Maria. 2014. The incentive structure of cooperation between the Europarties and the non-EU parties. Paper
prepared for the 23rd World Congress of Political Science, IPSA. July 19-24, 2014, Montréal, Canada.
mouwodebda “evrokavSiris yvela Sesa-
bamis instituts, ukrainisa da saqarT-
velosTvis vizebis liberalizaciasTan
dakavSirebiT drouli gaawyvetileba
miiRon.~22 es ori rezolucia imis maga-
liTia, Tu rogor SeiZleba evropartie-
bi lobirebisTvis da evropul doneze
saqarTvelos erovnuli interesebis mis-
aRwevad iqnas gamoyenebuli.
toves, bundovani iyo, respublikuri par-
tiac mihyveboda maT gzas Tu ara. irakli
alasania, Tavisufali demokratebis ma-
Sindeli lideri, qarTuli ocnebis mTav-
robaSi Tavdacvis ministris pozicias
ikavebda. misi gadadgomidan ramdenime
TveSi, alasanias adgili respublikuri
partiis wevrma TinaTin xidaSelma dai-
kava. roca cxadi gaxda, rom momaval sa-
parlamento arCevnebSi qarTuli ocneba
monawileobas miiRebda rogorc partia
da ara bloki, respublikur partiasac
mouxda qarTuli ocnebis datoveba. ar-
sebobs mosazreba, rom im dros ALDE
cdilobda daerwmunebina Tavisufali
demokratebi da respublikuri partia,
gaerTianebuliyvnen da 2016 wlis arCev-
nebSi erTad mieRoT monawileoba,23 rac
ase ar moxda. Sedegad, oridan verc
erTma partiam SeZlo parlamentSi mo-
saxvedrad 5%-iani barieris gadalaxva.
miuxedavad imisa, rom arCevnebSi Tavi-
sufali demokratebisa da respublike-
lebis saarCevno blokis Sedegis Sefase-
ba rTulia, mniSvnelovania, xazi gaesvas,

rom aRniSnuli ori partiis xmebi jam-
Si sakmarisi iqneboda imisaTvis, rom
saqarTvelos parlamenti liberaluri
partiis gareSe ar darCeniliyo.
2018 wlis oqtomberSi, saqarTveloSi
bolo saprezidento arCevnebi Catar-
da. saparlamento sistemaze qveynis ga-
dasvlis procesis dasrulebis mizniT
miRebuli sakonstitucio cvlilebebiT,
momaval prezidentebs xalxi aRar air-
Cevs. amitom, axla opoziciur partiebs
Zalauflebis erTi, Tumca simboluri
Stos marTvis mniSvnelovani Sansi eZle-
vaT. ramdenadac erTiani nacionalu-
ri moZraoba da evropuli saqarTvelo
yvelaze Zlieri opoziciuri partiebi
arian da orive maTgani EPP-s wevria,
es ukanaskneli aRniSnul or partias
TamaSromlobis miRwevaSi daexmara.
EPP-s StabbinaSi SeTanxmebaze xelis
moweriT, erTiani nacionaluri moZ-
raoba da evropuli saqarTvelo Tanx-
mdebian, rom Tu maTi kandidatebidan
erT-erTi gava meore raundSi, aRniSnul
daskvna
winamdebare kvlevis Sedegad qarTul
partiebsa da evropartiebs Soris urT-
ierTobis ramdnime efeqti gamoikveTa:
partiis politikuri profilis daxve-
wa; codnaze xelmisawvdomoba da par-
tiuli politikis nou-haus gadacema;
Sida legitimaciis da saerTaSoriso aR-
iarebis mopoveba; da Sida konkurencia-
sa da TanamSromlobaSi daxmareba. unda
aRiniSnos, rom rogorc Cans, qarTuli
politikuri partiebisTvis yvelaze sa-
surveli mizani, Sida legitimacias da
24
Civil Georgia. 2018. UNM, European Georgia agree to cooperate during presidential polls. xelmisawvdomia: https://
civil.ge/archives/245978
25
Civil Georgia. 2018. Bakradze Admits Defeat, Pledges Support to Vashadze. xelmisawvdomia: https://civil.ge/ar-
chives/262006
19
kandidats orive partiis mxardaWera
eqneba. metic, es ori partia SeTanxm-
da, rom winasaarCevno kampaniisas Tavs
ar daexsmebian erTmaneTs da arCevneb-
Si monawileobisTvis amomrCevlebis
mobilizebas moaxdenen.24 Sedegad sax-
ezea mdgomareoba, rodesac SeTanxmebam
imomqeda da evropulma saqarTvelom
realurad dauWira mxari meore tur-
Si gadasul erTiani nacionaluri moZ-
raobis kandidats, grigol vaSaZes.25 am
SeTanxmebiT EPP-m dagvanaxa, rom maTi
CarTulobiT erTnairad moazrovne par-
tiebs Soris ufro Zlieri TanamSrom-
lobis miRweva SesaZlebeli.
Sedegad, SeiZleba vamtkicoT, rom ev-
ropartiebs aqvT imis potenciali, rom
gaaZlieron is ideologiuri orient-
acia, romelsac isini Sida politika-
Si uWeren mxars, miuxedavad imisa, rom
SeiZleba konkretuli qveyana ar iyos
evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifo. es ra
Tqma unda xangrZlivi procesia da misi
Sedegebi jer kidev ucnobia.
saerTaSoriso aRiarebas ukavSirdeba.
Tumca, ramdenime SemTxvevis arsebo-
ba gvaCvenebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba, rom
saerTaSoriso mxardaWera saqarTvelos
erovnuli interesebis dacvisken iyos
mimarTuli da ara konkretuli politi-
kuri partiis interesebisken.
aseve, gamoCnda, rom evropartiebis mx-
ridan adgilobrivi qarTuli partiebi-
sTvis codnis gadacemis didi potencia-
li arsebobs. evropartiebs SeuZliaT
20
qarTul partiebs ufro Tanmimdevruli
da erTiani ideologiuri poziciebis
CamoayalibebaSi daexmaron. am mxriv
saWiroa finansuri resursebis mobi-
lizeba, rac qarTuli partiebisTvis
gamowvevad rCeba. miuxedavad amisa, es
procesi momavalSi SesaZloa potenciu-
ri donorebis mier iyos mxardaWerili,
iseTebis rogoricaa magaliTad german-
uli politikuri fondebi. magaliTisT-
vis „konrad adenaueris fondi“, rome-
lic mWidrod TanamSromlobs EPP-sTan;
„fridrix naumanis fondi“, romelic
liberalur partiebTan TanamSromlobs;
an „fridrix ebertis fondi“, romelsac
memarcxene ideologiuri pozicia aqvs.
TanamSromlobis es SesaZleblobebi qa-
rTuli politikuri partiebis mier Zir-
iTadad ar aris gamoyenebuli. amitom
kvlevas saWiroebs is, Tu ramdenad aqvT
survili am partiebs, rom instituci-
urad ganviTardnen da gamWirvale orga-
nizaciebad Camoyalibnen, maRali donis
Sidapartiuli demokratiiT.
dabolos, CarTulobis da TanamSrom-
lobis survilis gaTvaliswinebiT, ev-
ropartiebi SesaZloa moqmedebdnen ro-
gorc agentebi, romelTac saqarTveloSi
konkretuli ideologiuri orientaciis
gaZlierebis SesaZlebloba aqvT. amis
misaRwevad, aucilebeli ar aris, rom
evropartiebi mxolod erT politikur
partiasTan muSobdnen. maTTvis mniS-
vnelovania Seqmenan iseTi pirobebi, ro-
melSic msgavsi ideologiuri poziciebis
mqone partiebs TanamSromloba da ormx-
rivad momgebiani garigebebis miRweva
SeeZlebaT. es potenciuri efeqti ufro
metad evropartiebis mzaobaze, unarsa
da politikur survilzea damokidebu-
li, vidre saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi
partiebis moTxovnebze.
Sejamebis saxiT unda iTqvas, rom evro-
puli partiebis federaciebsa da qar-
Tul politikur partiebs Soris TanamS-
romloba is procesia, romelic ufro
Rrma da intensiuri unda iyos, vidre
is axla aris. am procesis warmateba Ti-
Teuli aqtoris mxridan mxolod prag-
matul xarjsargeblianobis analizze
ar aris damokidebuli. socialuri kon-
stuqtivizmis perspeqtividan Tu gan-
vixilavT, aman SesaZloa realuri Sede-
gi gamoiRos, maSinac ki, roca aqtorebs
maTi miRweva saerTod ar hqoniaT ganz-
raxuli. evropartiebTan urTierTobis
martivi aqti socializaciisa da norme-
bis transferis Sedegad qarTul poli-
tikur partiebs ganviTarebasa da in-
stitutciuri stabilurobis miRwevaSi
SeiZleba daexmaros.
 21

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