Building Constructions 6.

3rd Lecture

MONOLITHIC R.C. WALLS

Dr. Bálint Petró Prof. Emeritus

Gergely Dobszay Lecturer
Zsuzsanna Fülöp Lecturer
Dr. Miklós Kézdie expert
Miklós Svéd, expert

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 2
Formwork Types for In-situ Reinforced Concrete

1. Formwork panel 3. Creeping formworks –

systems moved in increments

2. Sliding formworks – 4. Tunnel shuttering

moved without dismount
BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.
Dept. Of Building Constructions
 3
The Effect of Shuttering on the Floorplan Layout

1. Panel-type formwork  Box-like layout

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 4
1. Formwork Panel Systems

Large wall formwork panels are Smaller slab formwork panels are
removed by crane from the outside removed manually through the openings

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 5
Formwork Panel Systems

PERI Modul Slab Formwork, PERI Vario Wall Formwork,

Duna Tower Germany

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 6
Formwork Panel Systems - Walls

DOKA Top 50 DOKA AluFramax

• tri-ply saturated softwood panel • Laminated timber panels with
• glued timber „I” beam supports plastic foil
• Extuded aluminum alloy supports

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 7
Formwork Panel Systems - Walls

• Story-high wall formwork panels

• Independent floor slab shuttering
• Positioning: top and bottom guide rails,
• Vertical adjustment: wedges
• Wind pressure: bracing
• Horizontal pressure of concrete: spacers

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 8
Formwork Panel Systems – Columns and Beams

Glued-laminated timber Column formworks

formworks for beams

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 9
Formwork Panel Systems – Floor Slabs

PERI Slab Formwork Modul-coordinated

Custom timber formwork

around column

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 10
Formwork Panel Systems – Floor Slabs

PERI drop-head slab formwork Ready for use

Dismounting

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 11
Formwork Panel Systems
Up-to-date systems allow complex building geometries
Vertical loadbearing elements (e.g. walls, columns) are no longer distinguishable

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 12
RC Technology - influenced Details

Up-to-date formworks – Concreting next to neighbouring building

Concrete permanent shutter-body Creeping formwork

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.
Dept. Of Building Constructions
 13
RC Technology - influenced Details

• Connection grooves and pockets

• Space for moving the formwork
• Crane acces
• Formwork removal and rotation
• Concrete inlets become pillars that are removed later

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 14
RC Technology - influenced Details
• tunnel sh., large formwork panels: simultaneously
• creeping formwork: subsequently  pockets

removable inserts – ready-made products

• hard to join monolithic to prefab. elements 
prefab. connection elements are concreted in

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 15
RC Details – Zipper Re-bars

Connecting structures built in different construction phases

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 16
RC Details – Connection Grooves and Pockets

Custom formwork keeps concrete out at connection points

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.
Dept. Of Building Constructions
 17
RC Staircase
Construction phases:
• walls
• monolithic landing
• prefabricated stair flights

pockets

landing

stair stair
flight flight

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 18
RC Stair Flight

• monolithic, with supporting beams,

built subsequently
• prefabricated (even with covering)

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 19
RC Stair Flight

Acoustic dampening at flight-to-landing connection

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 20
RC Foundation Beam

Strip foundation with RC

foundation (ring)beam:
• distribution of loads
• connection to wall
• bracing of thin RC wall
• wall-to-foundation connection

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 21
RC Foundation Beam

Waterproofing membrane layouts

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 22
External Walls of RC Buildings
External wall choice depends on RC construction method:
• similar all around or different endwalls and elevations
• tunnel shuttering  sanwitch panel or lightweight wall panel
• monolithic RC external wall  thermal insulation + plaster or ventilated composites
• residential buildings: curtain walls are not suitable
• contemporary office buildings: free-form RC walls + window strips or curtain wall

Differences between RC skeleton frames and wall-type loadbearing systems diminsh

Thermal insulation
+ plaster systems

Thermal insulation is
reinforced at corners
BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.
Dept. Of Building Constructions
 23
KülsőWalls
External falak of RC Buildings

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 24
RC Buildings - Finishings
• windows, doors: formwork or dummy frames
• interior finishing: quick construction, no wet technology  storey-high
partition wall panels, later drywall
• floors: soft contact-type, then floated, now false floors
• MEP: directly into the concrete?  pipes for electric wires are concreted in
plumbing and water pipes: vertical. ducts, above false ceiling

Edge protection „Concrete-cosmetics”, internal renderings

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.
Dept. Of Building Constructions
 25
The Effect of Shuttering on the Floorplan Layout

4. Tunnel shuttering  Transversal wall system, open elevations

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 26
4. Tunnel Shuttering
• Floor slab and walls are made simultaneously
• Shuttering is pulled out at the elevation
• Bracing walls are cast later into connection grooves

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 27
Tunnel Shuttering

Cross-section of formwork unit

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 28
Tunnel Shuttering

Longitudinal section showing cantilevering elevation scaffold

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 29
External Walls – Sandwitch Panel

Sized to fit the

loadbearing elements

Window

Cantilever

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 30
External Walls – Sandwitch Panel
Cantilevering steel beam supports the panel

Wrong solution

Neoprene support
Cantilever

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 31
Sliding Formwork

Mostly applied for staircase blocks

that brace skeleton frame buildings

Floor slabs are constructed subsequently

using formwork lowering technology
BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.
Dept. Of Building Constructions
 32
Sliding Formwork

Thoma Formwork System:

– Support rod remains in place,
– Internal-external scaffold
– Synronized electro-hydraulic
elevator units
– Initially constructed without
intermediate horizontal structure

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 33
Creeping Formwork

• Shuttering moved in increments

• For large scale constructions

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 34
Creeping Formwork

• Formwork kit pair of given height Constructing the pier of a

• The previously completed RC section highway bridge
supports the new construction level

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 35
Creeping Formwork
Constructing the pier of a highway bridge

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions
 36
Creeping Formwork

• Formwork of monolithic RC
beam bridge creeping forward
• Formwork of turbine tunnel of
hydroelectric station

BUTE Faculty of Architecture 18. Sept. 2017.

Dept. Of Building Constructions