FA 17 Testing and Inspection Procedures For Plumbing and Mechanical 3 Slide Handouts

Testing and Inspection of Plumbing and November 2017
Mechanical Systems
Office of Education November

and Data Management
Testing and Inspection of
Fall 2017 Plumbing and Mechanical Systems
Career Development
John Tye, B.O., OSBI, DAS
Use of Office of Education and Data Management (OEDM) training materials must be approved in writing by the State of Connecticut, Department of Administrative Services’ Office of Communications.
“Inspection Procedures”
The following presentation provides specific
information to aide in Plumbing, Mechanical and
Gas inspections and testing.
The presentation will include structures and
systems regulated by the International Residential
Code for One and Two Family Homes, International
Plumbing Code, International Mechanical Code and
National Fuel Gas Code.
Inspection Procedures continued

• The intent of the program is to make local Building
Officials and Fire Marshals and their employees
aware of mandatory code inspection requirements.
The hope is that we can get everyone on the same
page.
• The following program will reference some of the
dos and don’ts when it comes to not only performing
the tests correctly but also performing the inspection
correctly.
Use of Office of Education and Data Management (OEDM) training materials must be approved in writing
by the State of Connecticut, Department of Administrative Services’ Office of Communications. 1
Mechanical Systems

• The following program will also identify some of the tricks
portrayed by some of the more questionable contractors
and installers. A good contractor who is knowledgeable in
his or her field will usually try and perform the installation
correctly. He or she may make a mistake (which is why we
perform thorough inspections) but basically performs the
installation correctly and to code. A contractor who is
trying to cut corners will get away with whatever you
allow! Code requirements are “MINIMUM” requirements
and anything less is unacceptable!

• The adopted code requires that a list of mandatory
inspections be posted in the building department.
• International Residential Code Section 109.1.7
• International Plumbing Code Section 107.2.6
• International Mechanical Code Section 107.2.6
• This list should be visible to permit applicants. The more
information given to the permit applicant related to
required inspections will hopefully eliminate future
problems and misunderstandings.

• In addition to the list of required inspections the handout may
want to include specific testing requirements and prohibited
methods of testing such as air testing of plastic and cast iron
piping.
• All ductwork must be inspected before the installation of duct
insulation.
• A description of gauge requirements for pressure testing will
eliminate problems such as someone using a 100psi gauge for a
5psi test.
• A common complaint we receive at OSBI is that the permit
applicant was not aware of the required inspections and
necessary equipment to perform the inspection.
Mechanical Systems
“Submitted plans and specifications”

• The International Residential Code for One and Two Family
Dwellings pertains to residential installations. Plans and
specifications for electrical, plumbing, hvac, and gas are
rarely submitted for residential installations.
• The International Plumbing Code (IPC), International
Mechanical Code (IMC), and the National Fuel Gas Code
(NFPA 54) pertain to commercial installations. A good
place to start with the inspection and testing requirements
is with the approved plans and specifications. Many times
the referenced testing is more stringent than the code
required minimum and usually located in the specific
piping sections of the approved specifications.
“Submitted plans and specifications cont.”

• Plan Review (Commercial Projects)
• When a thorough plan review is performed code violations can be
identified and corrected before the actual installation.
• Waste and vent piping configurations are easier to correct during
the plan review stage rather than at the time of inspection. Many
installers perform their installations according to the approved
plans and specifications and if a permit is granted with code
violations which were not identified on these plans it makes for
problems in the field.
• Seismic bracing, (when required) must be identified on the plans.
• Pipe anchorage and sway bracing locations(when required) should
also be identified on the plans. These requirements are rarely
addressed or included in the installation.***
“Submitted plans and specifications cont.”

• It’s the engineer of records job to provide a code compliant design
with all necessary details on the drawings. Many of the submitted
plans we at OSBI review are incomplete and incorrect. Please be
advised that just because a set of drawings contains the engineer of
record’s stamp does not mean they are code compliant. Correctly
drawn plans with adequate details included, makes our job easier
when performing the inspections. * Our job is not to design or tell
the installer how to perform the installation. Our job is to make
sure the installation is performed according to the approved plans
and specifications which are supposed to be code compliant. The
approved plans and specifications are the code!
Mechanical Systems
“Inspection Procedures cont.”

Specific code sections related to inspection and testing:
International Plumbing Code (IPC) and the International
Mechanical Code (IMC) (Commercial installations)
1. Section 107 Inspections and Testing
2. Section 107.1 General
3. Section 107.2 Required inspections and testing
4. Section 107.2.6 Posting of required inspections
5. Section 107.7 Notification of inspection and testing
results
“Plumbing Inspection Procedures”

• Rough Inspection “Plumbing systems”
• Preconcealment - The following parts of the plumbing system
require inspections prior to the installation of the actual plumbing
fixtures.
• Outside the structure
• Water service inspection (unless by utility company)*
• Building sewer inspection (unless by utility company)*
• Storm drainage system (outside structure)
• Inside the structure
• Drainage waste and vent system (could include acid waste systems
etc.)
• Storm drainage system
• Water distribution inspection
“Underground outside plumbing and storm cont.”

• Outside storm water piping usually pertains to projects larger
than one and two family dwellings.
• The installation requirements are usually specified in the
approved plans and specifications. The pipe bedding
requirements are usually located in an installation detail.
• The pitch of the outside storm piping is usually specified in the
approved plans and specifications.
• Storm piping usually has no test requirements when located
outside the structure.
continued
Mechanical Systems
“Underground DWV and Storm outside building.”

• DWV piping located outside the building contains many of the
same requirements as piping installed inside the foundation.
• The code contains bedding requirements and on plan and spec
projects requirements are usually located on an installation
detail located in the approved construction documents.
• The pitch requirements are also found in the code and also in
the approved construction documents.
• When installed with the building water main the installation
must comply with IPC Section 603.2 Separation of water service
and building sewer.
continued
“Underground DWV pipe outside foundation”

• The materials used for outside the foundation can come from the
IPC Table 702.3 Building Sewer Pipe which allows such piping as
SDR35 (PVC) which is not allowed within the building foundation.
• The materials found in IPC Table 702.2 Underground Building
Drainage and Vent Pipe can be used inside or outside the
foundation. If the materials found in Table 702.2 are used
clearances to water mains required in IPC Section 603.2 are
eliminated and the piping could actually be located in the same
trench.
• Unlike the outside storm water piping the outside sewer piping is
required to be tested.
“Rough plumbing underground DWV and Storm piping

inside the building foundation.”
• “Proper pipe bedding”***
• Was a plan and set of specifications submitted for the project? If a plan and specification was
submitted was an installation detail provided for the installation of underground piping?
Details provided are usually very specific and must be followed.
• All installed piping must be properly supported. The code requires solid and continuous load-
bearing support shall be provided. If the observed piping elevation is deep the underground
may have to be installed and tested in stages to achieve proper piping support and ultimately
code compliance.***
• “Check piping layout”
• Check for correct material, fittings and piping configurations. IPC Table 706.3 (Plan Review) *
• Some materials are only good for outside the structure such as SDR35 piping for sewer work
which cannot be installed inside the structure or foundation.
• Problems such as flat dry venting below the fixture flood rim, missing code required
cleanouts, and exceeding fixture outlet to trap weir distance are often encountered.
• Check for correct method of material joining. IPC Sec. 705
continued
Mechanical Systems
“Underground inside plumbing and storm cont.”

• Confirm the correct code required pitch. (based on pipe size) ***
• Observe “test tees” (not required by code) Test tees are usually
installed to enable the installer to test the piping in sections but
still effectively test all joints. If the installer has not installed test
tees have them explain how all joints will be tested. *
• Once the above items have been confirmed the ten foot head of
water test is ready to be observed. It appears many of the
installers are performing the ten foot head test incorrectly. The
ten foot is measured from the water level being observed down
ten feet. Only piping and fittings located below this level are
under test. *
• THE WATER LEVEL MUST NOT DROP WHILE TEST IS BEING
PERFORMED!!! NO EXCEPTIONS!!! ***
“Underground plumbing and storm piping cont.”

•IPC Section 306 Trenching, Excavation and Backfill
• 306.1 Support of piping The piping must be supported
throughout its entire length!
• 306.2 Trenching and bedding Solid and load bearing
support required. Bell and coupling holes may be provided
to accommodate the joining of the pipes. Piping SHALL NOT
be supported on blocks to grade. A common unacceptable
practice is to support piping on small piles of sand etc. ***
“Trenching and pipe bedding”
Mechanical Systems
Specified bedding!
Incorrect pipe bedding.
Incorrect pipe bedding.
Mechanical Systems
Improper pipe bedding!
Examples of properly bedded piping and test tees.
Improperly bedded piping! Should be two stage!
Mechanical Systems
Improperly bedded piping!
Improper pipe bedding
Backfill problems with flowable fill
Mechanical Systems
Incorrect bedding!
“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

•Section 306.2 continued
•Please be advised that in some cases the material
manufacturer has more stringent requirements
than the code and must be followed.
Manufacturers such as Charlotte Pipe have their
own piping installation manual which contains
many specific requirements which are not
addressed in the code. ***
“Plumbing and storm inspections cont.”

•IPC Section 306.2.1 Overexcavation
• Overexcavation is a common problem and if not addressed
results in serious problems with the finished plumbing
system. ***
• The code requires the overexcavated part of the trench to
be backfilled with sand or fine gravel placed in layers not
greater than 6 inches in depth and such backfill shall be
compacted after each placement. Please be advised that it
doesn’t take much bedding instability to affect minimum
piping pitch requirements of 1/8th and 1/4 inch per foot.
Mechanical Systems
“Plumbing and storm inspections cont.”

• IPC Section 306.2.2 Rock removal. Where rock is
encountered in the trenching, the rock shall be removed
to not less than three inches below the installation level
of the bottom of the pipe. The trench shall be backfilled
with sand and tamped.
• IPC Section 306.2.3 Soft load-bearing materials.
Stabilization shall be achieved by overexcavating not less
than two pipe diameters and backfilling to installation
level of the bottom of the pipe with fine gravel, crushed
stone or a concrete foundation.

• IPC Section 306.3 Backfilling
• Shall be free from discarded construction materials and
debris. Loose earth free from rocks, broken concrete, and
frozen chunks shall be placed in the trench in six inch layers
and tamped in place until the crown of the pipe is covered
by twelve inches of tamped earth. The backfill under and
beside the pipe shall be compacted for pipe support.
Backfill shall be brought up evenly on both sides of the pipe
so pipe remains aligned. Many times piping manufacturer’s
and job specifications have stricter requirements than code
minimums.

•“Backfilling continued”
• Correct bedding and backfilling are extremely important. If
the piping is installed on unstable or unsuitable material
the problems will only be compounded when backfilling
takes place. As referenced in the previous slide #21 the
piping has minimum pitch and it doesn’t take much to
cause the incorrectly bedded piping to become flat or
reverse pitched. If the underground piping is incorrectly
installed the whole plumbing system will be compromised.
Mechanical Systems

•IPC Section 306.4 Tunneling.
•Where pipe is to be installed by tunneling,
jacking or a combination of both, the pipe shall
be protected from damage during installation
and from subsequent uneven loading. Where
earth tunnels are used, adequate supporting
structures shall be provided to prevent future
or caving.

•IPC Section 307 Structural Safety
• Section 307.1 General
• While performing plumbing installations any part of
the building that must be changed or replaced shall
be left in a safe structural condition according to the
requirements of the International Building Code.
• Section 307.2 Cutting, notching or bored holes. *

• Installations and alterations resulting in additional
structural loads to any member (HVAC equipment
etc.) shall not be permitted without verification that
the truss is capable of supporting the additional
load.
• A good example would be the addition of an air
handler in the attic which is supported from the
truss.
Mechanical Systems

• Section 307.3 Penetrations or floor/ceiling assemblies and
fire resistant-rated assemblies.
• Penetrations of floor/ceiling assemblies and assemblies
required to have a fire-resistance rating shall be protected
in accordance with the IBC.
• Section 307.4 Alterations to trusses.
• Truss members and components shall not be cut, drilled,
notched, spliced or otherwise altered in any way without
written concurrence and approval of a registered design
professional. ***

•IPC Section 307.5 Trench location.
• Trenches installed parallel to footings shall not extend
below the 45 degree bearing plane of the footing or wall.
•IPC Section 307.6 Piping materials exposed within
plenums.
• All piping materials exposed within plenums shall comply
with the provisions of the International Mechanical Code.

• IPC Section 308 Piping Support.
• Section 308.1 General.
• All plumbing piping shall be supported in accordance with
this section.
• Section 308.2 Piping seismic supports.
• Where earthquake loads are applicable in accordance
with the building code, plumbing piping supports shall be
designed and installed for the seismic forces in
accordance with the International Building Code.
Mechanical Systems

•Section 308.3 Materials.
• Hangers, anchors and supports shall support the piping
and the contents of the piping. Hangers and strapping
material shall be of approved material that will not
promote galvanic action. ***
•Section 308.4 Structural attachment.
• Hangers and anchors shall be attached to the building
construction in an approved manner.
• Piping cannot be supported from other piping. *

• Section 308.5 Interval of support.
• Pipe shall be supported in accordance with Table 308.5.
• Exception: The interval of support for piping systems
designed to provide for expansion/contraction shall
conform to the engineered design in accordance with
section 316.1.
• Many pipe manufacturers have more stringent
requirements which govern the installation. In some
cases the manufacturers have less stringent requirements
such as the maximum distance between hangers. In this
case the more stringent requirement (code) would apply.

• Section 308.6 Sway bracing*** Usually not addressed by the
designer, performed by the installer or identified by the
inspector.
• Rigid sway bracing shall be provided at changes in direction greater
than 45 degrees for pipe sizes 4 inches and larger.
• This section contains lateral support requirements for pipe 4” and
larger in diameter. The flow of waste in the drainage piping subjects the
piping to the forces that result from the momentum of the waste.
• These products are a product of the mass and velocity of the flow
together with the change in direction of the pipe and can be quite large,
especially in piping 4” and larger. Without adequate bracing, the piping
could be damaged or joint failure could occur.
Mechanical Systems
“Examples of sway bracing and anchorage”

• Section 308.7 Anchorage.*** Same issues as Sway bracing!
• Anchorage shall be provided to restrain drainage piping from axial
movement.
• Section 308.7.1 Location.
• For pipe sizes greater than four inches, restraints shall be provided
for drain pipes at all changes in direction and at all changes in
diameter greater than two pipe sizes. Braces, blocks, rodding and
other suitable methods as specified by the coupling manufacturer
shall be utilized.
Mechanical Systems

•Section 312 Tests and Inspections
•Section 312.1 Required tests
•The permit holder is responsible for
•All tests to be performed
•Notice to the code official***
•All equipment, materials, power and necessary
labor to perform the required tests.
•ALL PIPING MUST BE TESTED!!!!

•Section 312.1 continued
• IMPORTANT!!!! The section contains a reference that ALL
plumbing system piping shall be tested with either water
or for piping systems other than plastic by air. AIR
TESTING IS NOT PERMITTED ON PLASTIC AND CAST IRON
PIPING. The code is silent about air testing cast iron. The
piping manufacturer of the cast iron piping prohibits
testing with air! The section also references a final
plumbing test after fixtures have been installed.***
Mechanical Systems

•Section 312.1.1 Test gauges.
•Gauges used for testing shall be as follows:***
• 1. Tests requiring a pressure of 10 psi or less shall utilize a testing
gauge having increments of 0.10 psi or less.
• 2. Tests requiring a pressure of greater than 10 psi but less than or
equal to 100psi shall utilize a testing gauge having increments of 1
psi or less.
• 3. Tests requiring a pressure greater than 100 psi shall utilize a
testing gauge having increments of 2 psi or less.

•Section 312.2 Drainage and vent water test.
• A water test shall be applied to the drainage system in its
entirety or in sections. Test tees are usually installed when
performing sectional testing. If the test tee is correctly
configured the tests can be continued without retesting
previously tested piping. * Without some type of test tee
the entire system may have to be retested to confirm all
joints are leak free.
Test tee installation examples
Mechanical Systems
“Plumbing and storm piping continued”

• Section 312.8 Storm Drainage System Test.
• Storm drain systems within the building shall be tested by
water or air in accordance with Section 312.2 and 312.3.
• Storm drain piping is usually tested the same as waste and
vent piping. Test tees are usually employed and a ten foot
head of water is customarily utilized. The upper ten feet of
piping is treated the same as sanitary waste and vent and
the piping will only be tested up to the roof drain.*** A ten
foot head test is not required on the roof drain. The area
around the roof drain should be flooded to confirm the
drain connection to the roofing membrane.

• Section 312.3 Drainage and vent air test.
• Plastic piping shall not be tested using air. *
• Although the code does not prohibit cast iron pipe from being
tested with air the pipe manufacturer’s prohibit testing with
air.*
• Air testing is limited to galvanized piping, copper tubing,
stainless steel and other approved materials other than plastic
or cast iron.
• A steady gauge pressure of 5psi is required by code. The test
must hold for a minimum of 15 minutes.
continued

• Air tests are easy to apply; however, there are disadvantages to
air testing. Defects are harder to locate when using air. System
temperature changes can produce misleading changes in
pressure which may be interpreted as a leak.***
• Testing with a compressed gas (air) is inherently more
hazardous to personnel than water testing because of the
energy release that can occur from a system rupture or failure.
The 5 psi testing pressure is often exceeded in the field to
locate leaks easier. Increasing the test pressure beyond the safe
limits of the material can result in a dangerous situation and
must not be allowed.
Mechanical Systems
“Plumbing inspections cont.”

•Section 312.4 Drainage and vent final test.***
• The final test of the completed drainage and vent systems shall be
visual and in sufficient detail to determine compliance with the
provisions of this code. Where a smoke test is utilized, it shall be
made by filling all traps with water and then introducing into the
entire system a pungent, thick smoke produced by one or more
smoke machines. When the smoke appears at stack openings on
the roof, the stack openings shall be closed and a pressure
equivalent to a 1” water column shall be held for a test period of
not less than 15 minutes. ***
“Air admittance valves”
“Typical testing materials and equipment”
Mechanical Systems
“Plumbing inspection cont.”
Plumbing inspections cont.
“Plumbing and storm piping inspections cont.”
Mechanical Systems
“Plumbing inspection problems”
Mechanical Systems
“Mechanical Code Inspections”

• The Mechanical Code has inspection requirements similar to
the International Plumbing Code.
• Section 107.2 Required Inspections and Testing
• Underground inspections
• Rough-in inspections
• Final inspections upon completion
• Section 302 Protection of Structure
• This section references proper cutting, notching and boring in
all types of structural materials.
Mechanical Code Inspections continued.

• The mechanical code includes additional sections related to cutting and
notching not found in the plumbing code. These specific requirements will
be referenced when performing the rough and in some cases the final
inspections of mechanical equipment and piping.
• Section 303 Equipment and Appliance Location
• These sections are referenced when performing new appliance and
equipment inspections. Many times the installer does not follow the
manufacturer’s installation instructions and in some cases the equipment
is incorrectly located and the requested inspection may need to be
aborted. Make sure the equipment is properly located before proceeding
with the inspection!

• Section 304 Installation
• This section of the code states equipment and appliances shall be installed
as required by the terms of their approval, in accordance with the
conditions of the listing, the manufacturer’s installation instructions and this
code. Manufacturer’s installation instructions shall be available on the job
site at the time of inspection! You can’t perform a proper inspection without
the installation instructions!
• Section 304.3 Elevation of ignition source.
• Equipment and appliances having an ignition source and located in
hazardous location and public garages, private garages, repair garages,
automotive motor fuel-dispensing facilities and parking garages shall be
elevated such that the source of ignition is not less than 18 inches above the
floor surface on which the equipment or appliance rests.
Mechanical Systems

• Section 304.9 Clearances to combustible construction.
• Heat producing equipment and appliances shall be
installed to maintain the required clearances to
combustible construction as specified in the listing and
the manufacturer’s instructions. Such clearances shall be
reduced only in accordance with Section 308. Clearances
to combustibles shall include such considerations as door
swing, drawer pull, overhead projections or shelving and
window swing, shutters, coverings and drapes. Devices
such as doorstops or limits, closers, drapery ties or guards
shall not be used to provide the required clearances.

• Section 304.10 Clearances from grade.
• Equipment and appliances installed at grade level shall be
supported on a level concrete slab or other approved
material extending not less than 3 inches above adjoining
grade or shall be extended not less than 6 inches above
adjoining grade. Such support shall be in accordance with
the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
• Section 304.11 Guards.
• Guards shall be provided where appliances, equipment,
fans or other components that require service and roof

hatch openings are located within 10 feet of a roof edge or
open side of a walking surface and such edge or open side is
located more than 30 inches above the floor, roof or grade
below.
• Section 304.12 Area served.
• Appliances serving different areas of a building other than
where they are installed shall be permanently marked in an
approved manner that uniquely identifies the appliance
and the area it serves.
Mechanical Systems

•Section 305 Piping Support
• Section 305.2 Materials.
• Pipe hangers and supports shall have sufficient strength to
withstand all anticipated static and specified dynamic loading
conditions associated with the intended use. Pipe hangers and
supports that are in direct contact with piping shall be of
approved materials that are compatible with the piping and that
will not promote galvanic action.
• Section 305.4 Interval of support.
• Piping shall be supported at distances not exceeding the spacing
specified in Table 305.4, or in accordance with MSS SP-69.

• Section 305.5 Protection against physical damage.
• Shield plates if piping other than cast-iron or steel are located
within 1 ½” from the nearest edge of the member. The shield
plates should be 16 gage and extend a minimum of 2” above the
sole plates and below top plates.
•Section 306 Access and Service Space.
• Section 306.1 Access for maintenance and replacement.
• Appliances shall be accessible for inspection, service, repair and
replacement without disabling the function of a fire- resistant-
rated assembly or removing permanent construction, other

appliances, venting systems or any other piping or ducts not
connected to the appliance being inspected, serviced,
repaired or replaced. A level working space at least 30 inches
deep and 30 inches wide shall be provided in front of the
control side to service an appliance.
• Section 306.1.1 Central furnaces.
• Section 306.2 Appliances in rooms.
• Section 306.3 Appliances in attics.
• Section 306.4 Appliances under floors.
Mechanical Systems

• Section 306.5 Equipment and appliances on roofs or
elevated structures.
• Section 306.5.1 Sloped roofs
•Section 307 Condensate Disposal
• Section 307.1 Fuel-burning appliances.
• Section 307.2 Evaporators and cooling coils.
• Section 307.2.1 Condensate disposal.
• Section 307.2.2 Drain pipe materials and sizes.
• Section 307.2.3 Auxiliary and secondary drain systems.
“Kitchen Exhaust Equipment Inspections”

•The following slides relate to required
inspections performed on installed kitchen
exhaust systems.
•Problem areas will be identified as we
progress through these slides.
•The International Mechanical Code (IMC)
applies to new construction.
“Kitchen Exhaust Inspections continued”

• Chapter 5 of the International Mechanical Code
• A complete plan must be submitted for the entire
exhaust installation including the hood, ductwork,
mechanical equipment such as upblast fan, in-line fan,
make-up air unit or other equipment.
• Hood suppression system based on equipment located
under the hood. (Actual equipment observed during
inspection must be confirmed with the submitted
approved plan.) Many times the equipment has been
changed and improperly placed under the hood.
Mechanical Systems

• Manufacturers installation instructions for the hood.
• Is the hood listed and labeled? *Many times hoods are
not listed and labeled and in some cases the label on the
hood does not pertain to the actual hood, such as a hood
that might reference zero clearance when it actually
requires 18” to combustibles. Extremely important to
check the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Kitchen hood supports. Most manufacturers require
threaded rod supports. Mounting brackets for the
threaded rod are usually part of the hood construction.

• Many times installers are trying to hang or support the
hood with chain. (Chinese restaurants) (This is not an
approved method.)
• Clearance to combustibles = 18” from all parts of the Type
1 Hood, top, sides, back and bottom.
• IMPORTANT Wall construction behind hood.
• Combustibles are not permitted to be located within the
wall construction of the back wall. Insulation (kraft paper),
piping such as PVC are just a few of the materials not
permitted in the back wall.
• * Many times the installer and the inspector forget about
the exposed wall above the hood and behind the hood.
• OUT OF SIGHT OUT OF MIND!!!!

• Kitchen exhaust duct construction for type 1 hoods
• Black iron, stainless steel, and factory made grease duct.
• Steel minimum 16 gage
• Stainless steel minimum 18 gage
• Factory-built listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1978.
The problem with factory-built duct is nobody asks for and
reviews the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Each
manufacturer has different requirements. In some cases the
installer has tried to substitute factory-built boiler flue for
factory built grease duct!
Mechanical Systems
“Kitchen Exhaust Inspection continued”

• Another common problem is the duct installer connecting
class one flexible ductwork to the make-up air plenum
above a Type 1 hood. This flexible duct is considered a
combustible and must not be located within 18” of the
Type 1 hood.
• Duct joint types
• Butt joints, welded flanged joints, overlapping, such as
telescoping or bell.
• Problems sealing the corners with butt joints.
• Problems with “bird mouths” on flanged joints.

• Flanged joints also are problems at the corners. Many
times in the field we find rather large holes at these
locations.
• Duct-to-hood joints welded, brazed, bolted with an
approved gasket material.
• Problems with corners when brazing or welding.
• Problems with gasket materials. Installers substitute
listed materials for materials such as silicone or general
purpose caulk. The AHJ must require proper
documentation to validate the product being used!

• Grease duct testing
• Prior to the adoption of the 2012 International Mechanical
Code testing was performed many different ways. The code was
not specific. Many of the local jurisdictions used IMC Section
102.9, Requirements not covered by this code.
• Most of the tests, including OSBI’s were performed using
smoke. When this test was properly performed the smallest
hole or defect were revealed. The current code requires a light
test. We actually performed a light test according to the code on
ductwork
(continued)
Mechanical Systems

• which was put together but not yet welded. The light test
did not identify the incomplete joints! ***
• Many times the required testing must be performed in
sections for a proper installation.***
• Roof penetrations of the kitchen exhaust duct through the
curb are a major concern.
• Steel and stainless steel require 18” clearance to
combustibles. The curb and other roofing materials many
times contain combustibles. In order to gain code
compliance the duct is wrapped with a listed material.
(continued)

• The grease duct penetration through the curb to the
upblast fan must be tested and wrapped before
installation.
• The amount of space between the roof deck penetration
and the grease duct is minimal and the rated wrap goes on
in two layers which must be properly banded.
(manufacturer’s installation instructions.) The wrap must
extend inside the curb to the bottom side of the
termination to achieve code compliance. The limited space
in the cavity would not permit the installer to properly
wrap (two layers) and band the wrap.
(continued)

• Even if the wrap could be correctly installed it would be
impossible for the fire marshal or building inspector to
physically observe the installation. Please be aware that
this wrap is very heavy and tough to work with, especially
in a confined space.
• To properly install the duct penetration through the roof
and curb The drop piece should extend below the roof deck
at least 18”, if possible. A test must then be performed on
the drop piece to confirm no leakage. Once the test has
been successfully performed the drop piece can now be
insulated. (continued)
Mechanical Systems

• The listed grease wrap can now be properly applied and
banded without installation or inspection issues.
• Once the insulation is complete and inspected the
assembly can now be lowered into place in the curb and
the exhaust duct installation can be continued.
• The grease duct system is required to be pitched back to
the hood or a low point known as a grease reservoir.
• Common problems in the field are incorrectly pitched
ducts, flat or level ductwork and pocketed sections.

• Required pitch -Slope not less than one fourth unit
vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) toward
the hood or toward a grease reservoir designed and
installed in accordance with Section 506.3.7.1.
• Where horizontal ducts exceed 75 feet in length, the
slope shall be not less than one unit vertical in 12 units
horizontal. (8.3 percent slope) Explain problems with
pitch requirements on runs over 75 feet.

• Prior to the code change which took place 10/16 the
pertinent year of the adopted IMC was 2003. The 2003 IMC
contained no specific requirements for the proposed grease
reservoir. The 2012 IMC contains 7 specific requirements.
• Grease duct cleanouts and openings. The 2012 IMC now
contains 7 specific requirements.
• Common problems with the installation of grease duct
cleanouts:
• Factory cleanout doors which are not listed for grease duct
use. (continued)
Mechanical Systems

• Many observed installations contain environmental air
duct cleanouts which are not listed for grease duct
applications. It is important to check the equipment
documentation to confirm correct listing. Environmental
cleanout construction, material gage, and gasket material
are just several of the materials that may not stand up to
temperatures and conditions in a grease duct system and
could seriously compromise the system.
• Access to the installed cleanouts is also a common problem
in the field. (continued)
“Kitchen Exhaust Inspection continued”

•Underground grease duct installations
•A new section of the mechanical code contains eight
mandatory requirements.
•These systems are very unique and are mainly used
in restaurants where island cooking is preferred. The
steel grease duct is the same gage but must also be
coated to provide protection from corrosion.

• Once the entire duct system from the exhaust hood outlet
to the outside exhaust fan has been completed, including
required cleanouts, the system is ready to be light tested.
• Once the system has been successfully observed and light
tested the duct is now ready for the remainder of the fire
wrap to be installed. The wrap must be installed according
to the manufacturer’s installation instructions! Please
remember you cannot perform the installation or the
inspection without the instructions!!!! Items such as
cleanouts require special attention and detail!
Mechanical Systems

•Section 507.16 Performance test.
• Testing of the completed system is required to confirm
proper operation before final approval.
• The first test required is a performance test. The
performance test includes the determination that the code–
required airflow and containment of all cooking vapors will
occur.
•Section 507.16.1 Capture and containment test.
• The permit holder shall verify capture and containment
performance of the exhaust system. This field test
Kitchen Exhaust Inspections continued.
shall be conducted with all appliances under the hood at

operating temperatures, with all sources of outdoor air
providing makeup air for the hood operating and with all
sources of recirculated air providing conditioning for the
space in which the hood is located operating. Capture and
containment shall be verified visually by observing smoke or
steam produced by actual or simulated cooking, such as with
smoke candles, smoke puffers, etc.
“Fire and Fire/Smoke Damper Inspections”

•The following slides relate to installation problems
which were identified on OSBI projects and town
assists I have performed.
•These violations and problems will be discussed or
identified during the presentation.
•The incorrect installation of Fire Dampers, Smoke
Dampers, and F/S damper systems are
encountered on a regular basis by OSBI and OSFM.
Mechanical Systems
“Damper Inspections continued”

• Typical dampers encountered when performing our
inspections:
• “Fire dampers” Static Type - only intended to be
able to close when the flow in the system has been
stopped by some other means. Dynamic Type – must
be able to close while maximum airflow is occurring
in the system.
• These damper applications are commonly mixed-up
in the field. A Static Type damper cannot be used in a
airflow condition!

•Fire dampers, smoke dampers, combination
fire/smoke dampers and ceiling radiation dampers
located within air distribution and smoke control
systems shall be installed according to the
manufacturer’s installation instructions.
•Check for UL listings*** Fire Dampers – UL 555
Smoke Dampers – UL555S Combination
Fire/Smoke – UL555 and UL555S Ceiling Radiation
Dampers – UL 555C

•Common violation – “Framing Issues” The intent
of the damper is to maintain the integrity of the
penetration. Many times the installers pay no
attention to the installation instructions. The
required framing is one of the most important
parts of the installation.* The proposed damper
sleeve must be properly anchored to the
required framing. Many times the framing is
missing and the damper sleeve is installed in
sheetrock.
Mechanical Systems

• Many times the framing required for the damper
installation is incorrect and even entirely missing!
• The framing is normally not performed by the damper
installer. The carpenters and masons are usually
responsible for the opening required to accommodate the
fire damper sleeves. The required opening cannot be
correctly configured without the manufacturer’s
installation instructions which can only be supplied by the
damper installer. These instructions are usually never
provided and annular spaces are usually incorrect!

• Damper framing instructions must be provided to
the carpenters and masons prior to constructing
walls and in some cases floors.
• Sheet metal and wood framing can be difficult at
best to reconfigure when annular spaces are
incorrect. Openings in concrete and cmu walls and
floors when done incorrectly are extremely difficult
to correct and many times require extensive
demolition and reconstruction.

•Dampers are proprietary and installation
instructions vary somewhat from manufacturer
to manufacturer. Manufacturer’s installation
instructions are required for the correct
installation and inspection!!!
•Once the framing has been confirmed the next
important step is the annular space required
between the damper sleeve and the required
framing.
Mechanical Systems

• The annular space is specified by the damper manufacturer
and an important part of the installation.
• The purpose of the space is to allow the damper sleeve to
expand under a high heat or fire condition and prevent the
actual damper from racking or binding which would
prevent the damper from proper operation.
• Once the annular space has been confirmed the installation
requires some type of damper sleeve retainage or
anchoring. The retaining angles along with the required
framing hold the damper and sleeve in place in a fire event
and maintain the integrity of the penetration.

• The required metal or wood framing must be inspected
before the application of sheetrock!
• When dampers are installed in CMU walls the actual CMU
wall is the framing and the actual opening in the CMU
penetration must be confirmed before the installation of
the damper sleeve. The overall opening must also include
the damper manufacturer’s required annular space!
• Many times these damper sleeves are installed prior to our
inspections and the required openings are usually
incorrect. In many cases the installer has also installed the
retaining angles making a proper inspection impossible.

• The basic forms of anchorage or retainage are what is referred to as
one sided and two sided attachments.
• Not all dampers can be attached by either method. The
manufacturer’s installation instructions will specify the method.
• A two sided attachment is currently the most common installation
encountered in the field. The related retaining angles are attached
to the damper sleeve only on both sides of the rated penetration.
• A one sided attachment is used many times on shaft penetrations
which are difficult to perform retainage from inside the shaft. The
one sided attachment requires the retaining angle to be anchored
to both the damper framing and the sleeve, hence the one sided
attachment.
Mechanical Systems

• The annular spaces must always be inspected before the
installation of the required retaining angles!
• Many of the dampers inspected by our offices are factory installed
in the damper sleeve and even come with the factory retaining
angles!
• The length of the sleeve is also very important. The damper
manufacturer has specific requirements for the length of the sleeve
beyond the penetration.
• A breakaway joint is required at these locations. The purpose of the
breakaway joint is to allow the attached duct work to separate from
the damper sleeve in a fire event allowing the damper to remain in
the plane of the penetration and maintain the integrity of the
penetration.

• The retaining angles are also a significant part of the installation.
• The angles are always attached to the damper sleeve and in a
one-sided installation the angles are also attached to the building
structure.
• The screw or fastener pattern is specific to the damper
manufacturer.
• The retaining angle width must overlap the required annular
space a minimum of one inch. Many times the installer does not
follow the installation requirements for proper fastening and the
fasteners are installed in the annular space void and have no
anchoring value. Without proper anchoring the damper will not
remain in place and the penetration is compromised!

•Testing of the installed dampers.
•Proper access is required to all installed dampers.
Damper access should be identified when performing a
plan review of the proposed installation! Identification
at the review stage eliminates many problems after the
unit has been incorrectly installed! Designers try to lay
the responsibility on the installer but many times the
design does not allow for proper access. Access doors
are required to enable inspection and testing. These
doors must be large enough to allow physical contact
with the damper mechanism. Many times the access
doors are not large enough!
Mechanical Systems

• All dampers must be cycled or tested to confirm proper
operation.
• PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY OSBI and OSFM:
• Screws and fasteners found in damper tracks preventing
damper movement.
• Dampers incorrectly configured. Vertical to horizontal etc.
• Dampers installed in the wrong direction. The damper
many times has a directional arrow. Contractors have even
removed the sticker and reattached to match their incorrect
installation.

• Damper vanes were actually missing when performing required testing.
Problems such as this were discovered even after the installer claimed
the units were pretested!
• Dampers must be reset once tested. Many installers want to reset the
damper after the inspection, without the inspector. They usually have a
good reason such as the access door (installed) is too small and reset
will be difficult at best. BE SURE TO SEE THE DAMPER PROPERLY
RESET!!!
• F/S dampers also contain a heat sensing device which must also be
tested, usually with some type of heat gun. Many times we have found
dampers that were not wired and again the installer claimed the
dampers were pretested. We have also been given letters from damper
manufacturers claiming the units were factory checked and testing is
not recommended and may be detrimental. We test all dampers and
many times find factory defects!!!
Access to code required duct smoke

Proper access is a huge problem in the field.
Mechanical Systems
“Mechanical inspection issues”
“Rough inspection framing issues”
Mechanical inspection problems.
Mechanical Systems
“Mechanical inspection issues”
Direct vent boiler termination

“problem”
Direct vent boiler installation

“problem”
Mechanical Systems
Direct vent intake and exhaust

“problem”
Direct vent intake and exhaust

“problem”
Direct vent water heater termination

“problem”
Mechanical Systems

“problem”

“problem”
Direct vent termination

“problem”
Mechanical Systems
Direct vent gas boiler flue connection
Direct vent flue piping
Direct vent boiler flue connection
Mechanical Systems
Direct vent gas boiler flue connection
Condensate drain piping, direct vent water heaters
Gas venting “problems”
Mechanical Systems
Oil and Gas Equipment Venting
Gas fired mechanical exhaust
Combustion Air Fan

This unit is made for gas or oil fired
equipment.
Mechanical Systems
Unacceptable service clearance!
“Mechanical inspection problems”
Unacceptable service clearance!
Mechanical Systems
Improper mechanical installations!
“Water heater related equipment”

“
Incorrect testing methods and materials
Mechanical Systems
2012 National Fuel Gas Code
•The following slides pertain to various

types of piping used in gas piping
installations and some of the problems
encountered during required inspections.
“Common Inspection Issues with Gas Installations”

• This next part of the presentation is related to gas piping
inspections.
• The 2012 International Residential Code (IRC) contains
Chapter 24 for gas related installations and inspections. In
addition to Chapter 24 one and two family dwellings will
also include the 2012 NFPA 54 document.
• The 2012 NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code will be used for
all commercial installations.
• Propane gas piping and tank requirements will be found in
the 2011 NFPA 58 document for both residential and
commercial installations. The IRC has no section for
propane tanks and related piping.
“Common Inspection Issues for gas installations”

• Many of the requirements are the same in both the 2012 IRC
Chapter 24 and the 2012 NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code.
• Although piping plans are usually not provided for
residential installations the code official has the right to ask
for a plan of the proposed gas piping installation such as
Section 5.1.1 of the 2012 NFPA 54 document. Submitted plan
and specification projects usually include the gas piping
layout which if followed makes inspections easier.
• A SUBMITTED PLAN ALONG WITH A PROPER REVIEW WILL
HELP TO ELIMINATE JOB SITE PROBLEMS!!!! ***
Mechanical Systems

5.1 Piping Plan:
• 5.1.1 Installation of Piping System. Where required by the
authority having jurisdiction, a piping sketch or plan shall be
prepared before proceeding with the installation. The plan
shall show the proposed location of piping, the size of different
branches, the various load demands, and the location of
the point of delivery. A proposed piping plan will aide in the
installation and inspection process. Proper sizing will also
eliminate future problems such as undersized piping.
“Gas piping and equipment problems continued”

• Certain fittings such as unions cannot be installed in concealed locations.***
• Rough gas piping stub outs for commercial cooking equipment are in many
cases incorrectly performed. The nipples many times do not extend far
enough beyond the finished wall surface (minimum code requirement). The
piping is usually capped and pressure tested. When these temporary caps are
removed for the equipment connection the joints which are concealed in the
wall are usually disturbed and in many cases leak. The code requires enough
of the nipple to extend beyond the wall surface to allow a wrench to hold the
nipple in place and avoid disturbing the concealed joint. COMMON PROBLEM!
• Mega-press G has also been approved for gas pipe installations. Manufactured
by the same company as Pro-press, Viega. The steel pipe is inserted into the
fitting and the fitting is crimped onto the pipe. The instruction manual is
required to perform the inspection!!!

• 5.6.2 Metallic Pipe:
• 5.6.3 Metallic Tubing
• 5.6.3.4 Corrugated Stainless Steel. Corrugated stainless
steel tubing shall be listed in accordance with ANSI LC
1/CSA 6.26, Fuel Gas Piping Systems Using Corrugated
Stainless Steel Tubing.
• Trac Pipe and Gas Tite are the most common used by
licensed installers.
• Lowes and Home Depot
Mechanical Systems

• Copper tubing utilized for gas piping (propane or natural) is usually
mechanically connected (threaded, flare etc.). Gas piping can be
brazed, (not normally performed) Soldering of the copper is
prohibited! ***
• Copper piping utilizing pro-press type joints. Manufacturer’s
installation instructions must be followed!
• Copper piping used in walls etc. should be one piece. When fittings are
utilized in these locations they must be approved for concealed
locations!
• Steel piping
• Steel is a common material used in the above ground installation of
gas piping both propane and natural gas.

• 5.6.4 Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings.
• 5.6.4.2* Regulator Vent Piping. Plastic pipe and
fittings used to connect regulator vents to
remote vent terminations shall be PVC
conforming to ANSI/UL 651, Schedule 40 and 80
Rigid PVC Conduit and Fittings. PVC vent piping
shall not be installed indoors.
“Gas piping and equipment problems”

“Underground installations”
• Materials
• Copper
• Many contractors bury copper directly in the ground. Copper must be
protected from corrosion and physical damage. Burial depths are
covered in the code.
• Depending on where the second stage regulator is located the code
requirements may be NFPA 58 “Propane” or NFPA 54 “National Fuel
Gas Code”.
• The use of coated copper “jacketed” is customarily used and as long as
the run contains no joints the jacketed product meets the intent of the
code. Extremely Important Check the newly installed line in its entire
length!
Mechanical Systems

5.6.5 Workmanship and Defects.
5.6.6 Protective Coating.
“Underground gas piping”

Black steel pipe is seldomly used
underground due to problems with corrosion
protection. Problems currently exist with
pipe wrap materials (not listed for
application) being installed. Additional
problems also exist when piping is wrapped
before the required testing.

• 5.6.7 Metallic Pipe Threads
• 5.6.7.4* Thread Joint Compounds. Thread joint compounds
shall be resistant to the action of LP-Gas or to any other chemical
constituents of the gases to be conducted through the piping.
NOTE: Pipe dope such as;

Hercules, PRO DOPE is NOT for use on LP-Gas systems.
Mechanical Systems

•The gas codes require pipe joint materials to
be compatible with the type of gas being
used. Many pipe dope materials are
acceptable to be used on natural gas. Some
of these products such as Pro-dope are not
able to be used on propane piping. CHECK
PIPE JOINT COMPOUND!

• 5.6.8 Metallic Piping Joints and Fittings
• 5.6.8.2 Tubing Joints. Tubing joints shall be made with
approved gas tubing fittings, be brazed with a material
having a melting point in excess of 1000°F (538°C), or be
made by press connect fittings complying with ANSI LC-4,
Press-Connect Copper and Copper Alloy Fittings for Use in
Fuel Gas Distribution Systems. Brazing alloys shall not contain
more than 0.05 percent phosphorus
• NOTE: EXAMPLE VIEGA
5.6.9 Plastic Piping, Joints, and Fittings.

• Plastic piping allowed outside underground ONLY!
Mechanical Systems

• Poly plastic tubing can only be used outside underground
only. The transition from plastic to steel is made
underground with an anodeless riser.
• Tracer wire or approved metallic tape must be buried with
the poly plastic to enable locating the piping at a later date.
• Poly plastic products are proprietary and cannot be mixed
with other manufacturers. The manufacturer’s installation
instructions are required in order to perform a proper
inspection.

5.8 Gas Pressure Regulators. (Premises NOT Gas Co.)
5.8.1 Where Required.
5.8.2 Listing
5.8.4 Location
5.8.5 Regulator Protection
5.8.6 Venting:
Line Gas Pressure Regulators & Second Stage LP-Gas Regulators.
Gas Appliance Pressure Regulators in accordance with Sections
5.8.6.1 and 5.6.8.2.
5.8.7 Bypass Piping.
5.8.8 Identification.
“Gas regulator configuration”

Manufacturer’s installation instructions dictate the required regulator configuration.
Mechanical Systems
Testing of gas regulator venting
Mechanical Systems
Testing of gas regulator venting

Chapter 7 Gas Piping Installation
• 7.1 Piping Underground.
• 7.1.1 Clearances. Underground gas piping shall be installed
with sufficient clearance from any other underground
structure to avoid contact therewith, to allow maintenance,
and to protect against damage from proximity to other
structures. In addition, underground plastic piping shall be
installed with sufficient clearance or shall be insulated from
any source of heat so as to prevent the heat from impairing
the serviceability of the pipe.
Unprotected, unsupported, external gas piping
Mechanical Systems
Incorrectly installed gas piping.

• The required testing of many of these pipe products is commonly
performed utilizing a pressure test. Once the air pressure has been
applied the joints are physically tested utilizing some type of detection
liquid. The testing of CSST with leak tech solutions is limited. The
solution to be used must be compatible with the corrugated stainless
tubing. Solutions containing ammonia are detrimental to the tubing
and if used will compromise the integrity of the tubing and over time
will corrode causing the tubing to leak. SEE SLIDE #91.
• Exposed CSST subject to corrosion must be protected with appropriate
tape.
• CSST products are proprietary and cannot be mixed with different
manufacturers.

• Many installers are using the CSST product as a
replacement for code required unions and appliance
connectors. These types of installations are not permitted
• CSST piping to be concealed must be properly protected
at all penetrations. Special hardened steel nail plates
must be used. These plates are more expensive than
conventional nail plates and many installers are trying to
substitute the less expensive plates.
Mechanical Systems
Gas piping and equipment problems continued.

• CSST tubing
• Yellow jacketed (many companies manufacturing only the black
jacketed product) Big box stores selling the yellow jacketed
product. No test required to purchase and install these products! A
brochure is handed to the purchaser and good to go.
• Black jacketed
• Installers in most cases are required by the manufacturers to
attend a class related to their prospective product and take a test in
order to purchase and install the product. A wallet registration card
is issued to the installer upon successful completion of the test to
identify the holder as certified to install the product. We have
found that although these installers hold the certification many still
do not follow the instructions.

• The installation manual is extremely important when
performing your inspection. Without the instructions an
inspection cannot be performed properly.
• All piping system manufacturers have product installation
manuals for proper installation!!!
• The CSST manufacturers have specific requirements for the
installation of their products which must be followed. The
manual is required to enable a proper inspection!!

• 7.2.2 Building Structure.
• 7.2.3 Gas Piping to be Sloped.
• 7.2.4 Prohibited Locations.
• 7.2.4* Prohibited Locations. Gas piping inside any building
shall not be installed in or through a clothes chute,
chimney or gas vent, dumbwaiter, elevator shaft, or air
duct, other than combustion air ducts.
Mechanical Systems

•7.2.5 Hangers, Supports, and Anchors.
• 7.2.5.1 Piping shall be supported with metal pipe hooks, metal pipe
straps, metal bands, metal brackets, metal hangers, or building
structural components, suitable for the size of piping, of adequate
strength and quality, and located at intervals so as to prevent or damp
out excessive vibration. Piping shall be anchored to prevent undue
strains on connected appliances and equipment and shall not be
supported by other piping. Pipe hangers and supports shall conform
to the requirements of ANSI/MSS SP-58, Pipe Hangers and Supports
— Materials, Design and Manufacture.
• Plastic pipe clips, plastic j-hooks and nylon ty wraps are just a few of
the products not permitted but used on many projects.
7.6 Drip and Sediment Traps.

7.6.1 Provide Drips Where Necessary.
7.6.2 Location of Drips.
7.6.3 Sediment Traps
The installation of sediment traps shall
be in accordance with 9.6.7
NOTE: STRESS THE DIFFERENCE
No drips for Connecticut!!!! According to Utilities!!!!
Gas piping and equipment problems continued.

• Incorrect installations of code required sediment traps. When
installed incorrectly dirt and debris are allowed to enter gas valves
etc. would could create serious problems.
• Much confusion exists between drips and sediment traps. Drips
were required to catch condensate within the piping. Gas suppliers
(natural and propane) have confirmed that no moisture found in
their products. Many installing contractors do not install the code
required sediment traps on equipment such as roof top units
thinking these traps would collect water and freeze. These sediment
traps are in many cases not only code required but also required by
the equipment manufacturer and must be installed for safe
operation.
Mechanical Systems
“SEDIMENT TRAP”

Walk the line in it’s entirety !!!
Know What Your Approving!!!
7.7 Outlets.
7.7.1 Location and Installation.
7.7.2 Cap All Outlets.

7.8 Branch Pipe Connections
7.9 Manual Gas Shutoff Valves.
7.9.1 Valves at Regulators.
7.9.2 Valves Controlling Multiple Systems.
Accessibility of Gas Valves.
Shutoff Valves for Multiple House Lines.
Emergency Shutoff Valves. COMMENT
Shutoff valve for Laboratories:
NOTE: All valves are NOT GOOD for gas !!!
Mechanical Systems

7.13 Electrical Bonding and Grounding.
• 7.13.1 Pipe and Tubing Other than CSST. Each aboveground
portion of a gas piping system, other than CSST, that is likely to
become energized shall be electrically continuous and bonded
to an effective ground-fault current path. Gas piping, other
than CSST, shall be considered to be bonded when it is
connected to appliances that are connected to the appliance
grounding conductor of the circuit supplying that appliance.

• 7.13.2* CSST. CSST gas piping systems shall be
bonded to the electrical service grounding electrode
system. The bonding jumper shall connect to a
metallic pipe or fitting between the point of delivery
and the first downstream CSST fitting. The bonding
jumper shall not be smaller than 6 AWG copper wire
or equivalent. Gas piping systems that contain one or
more segments of CSST shall be bonded in
accordance with this section.

• 8.1.5 Detection of Leaks or Defects.
• 8.1.1.5 A piping system shall be tested as a complete unit or
in sections. Under no circumstances shall a valve in a line be
used as a bulkhead between gas in one section of the piping
system and test medium in an adjacent section, unless two
valves are installed in series with a valved “telltale” located
between these valves. A valve shall not be subjected to the
test pressure unless it can be determined that the valve,
including the valve closing mechanism, is designed to safely
withstand the pressure.
Mechanical Systems

• 8.1.5.2 The leakage shall be located by means of an
approved gas detector, a noncorrosive leak detection fluid,
or other approved leak detection methods. Matches,
candles, open flames, or other methods that provide a
source of ignition shall not be used.
NOTE: CORROSIVE PRODUCTS SUCH

AS 409 CANNOT BE USED TO DETECT
LEAKS!!!!!!!

8.3 Purging.
8.3.1 Piping Systems Required to be Purged
Outdoors
8.3.1.1 Removal from Service.
See Table 8.3.1
8.3.1.2 Placing in Operation. (Piping)
See Table 8.3.1
8.3.1.3 Outdoor Discharge of Purged Gases.

Chapter 9 Appliance, Equipment and Accessory
Installation (cont)
9.1.17 Avoid Strain on Gas Piping
9.1.18 Gas Appliance Pressure Regulators
9.1.19 Venting of Gas Appliance Pressure Regulators (in
part…..)
• (2) Vent limiting means shall be employed on listed
appliance pressure regulators only.
Mechanical Systems

9.1.20 Bleed Line for Diaphragm-Type Valves
9.1.21 Combination of Appliances and
Equipment
9.1.22 Installation Instructions! THIS IS MOST
IMPORTANT!!!!!!! You can’t do the inspection
without the installation instructions!
9.1.23 Protection of Outdoor Appliance
Gas piping issues.

9.2 Accessibility and Clearance.
9.2.1 Accessibility for Service.
• 9.2.1 Accessibility for Service. All appliances shall be located with respect to
building construction and other equipment so as to permit access to the
appliance. Sufficient clearance shall be maintained to permit cleaning of
heating surfaces; the replacement of filters, blowers, motors, burners,
controls, and vent connections; the lubrication of moving parts where
necessary; the adjustment and cleaning of burners and pilots; and the
proper functioning of explosion vents, if provided. For attic installation, the
passageway and servicing area adjacent to the appliance shall be floored.
• NOTE: FOLLOW INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS!!!!
Mechanical Systems

9.4 Appliances on Roofs
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Installation of Appliances on Roofs
9.4.2.2 Appliances shall be installed on a well-drained surface of the
roof. At least 6 ft (1.8 m) of clearance shall be available between any part
of the appliance and the edge of a roof or similar hazard, or rigidly fixed
rails, guards, parapets, or other building structures at least 42 in. (1.1 m)
in height shall be provided on the exposed side.
NOTE: DIFFERS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL CODE (IMC) !

10 foot requirement in the IMC.

9.4.3 Access to Appliances on Roofs
• 9.4.3.2 Buildings of more than 15 ft (4.6 m) in height shall

have an inside means of access to the roof, unless other
means acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction are
used.
• This referenced height of 15 feet also differs from the IMC
which requires 16 feet and the IMC does not specifically
require the access to be from inside.
Mechanical Systems
Equipment On Roofs Or
Elevated Structures
“Continuation of outside regulator gas vent piping”

• 10.23 Room Heaters.
• 10.23.1* Prohibited Installations. Unvented room heaters shall not be
installed in bathrooms or bedrooms. “With 2 exceptions”
• The building and fire code, along with the NFPA 54 document are silent
when it comes to utilizing unvented room heaters as a sole source of
heat. These units were never intended to be the only source of heat. The
International Residential Code (IRC) prohibits their use as a sole source
of heat. Many landlords have attempted to change their current systems
hoping that the tenant would then be able to pay for their own heat. The
building code has certain comfort heating requirements that should
assist the inspector in requiring a system other than unvented.
Mechanical Systems

Chapter 11 Procedures to be Followed to Place
Equipment in Operation.
This part deals with the placing of a gas utilization equipment into operation.
11.7 “Operating Instructions.” Operating

instructions shall be furnished and shall be left
in a prominent position near the equipment for
the use of the consumer.

• Chapter 12 : Venting of Appliances
• 12.5.2 Plastic Piping. Plastic piping used for venting appliances listed for use
with such venting materials shall be approved. EXPLAIN!
• 12.5.3 Plastic Vent Joints. Plastic pipe and fittings used to vent appliances
shall be installed in accordance with the appliance manufacturer’s installation
instructions.
• Where primer is required, it shall be of a contrasting color!

• 12.6.4 Inspection of Chimneys.
• 12.6.4.1 Before replacing an existing appliance or connecting a vent
connector to a chimney, the chimney passageway shall be examined
to ascertain that it is clear and free of obstructions and shall be
cleaned if previously used for venting solid or liquid fuel–burning
appliances or fireplaces.
• 12.6.4.2 Chimneys shall be lined in accordance with NFPA211,
Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel–Burning
Appliances.
Mechanical Systems

• 12.7.3.1* Category I Appliances. The sizing of natural draft venting
systems serving one or more listed appliances equipped with a draft
hood or appliances listed for use with a Type B gas vent, installed in a
single story of a building, shall be in accordance with one of the
following: TABLE 12.7.2
• 12.7.3.3 Category II, Category III, and Category IV Appliances. The

sizing of gas vents for Category II, Category III, and Category IV
appliances shall be in accordance with the appliance manufacturer’s
instructions.
Problems with gas furnace direct venting
Gas venting problems, direct vent
Mechanical Systems
Direct vent water heater termination

“problem”
Gas Venting Terminations

Direct Vent Equipment, examples.
OUESTIONS?

FA 17 Testing and Inspection Procedures For Plumbing and Mechanical 3 Slide Handouts

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FA 17 Testing and Inspection Procedures For Plumbing and Mechanical 3 Slide Handouts

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Testing and Inspection of Plumbing and November 2017

Office of Education November

Inspection Procedures continued

Inspection Procedures continued

Inspection Procedures continued

Inspection Procedures continued

“Submitted plans and specifications”

“Submitted plans and specifications cont.”

“Submitted plans and specifications cont.”

“Inspection Procedures cont.”

“Plumbing Inspection Procedures”

“Underground outside plumbing and storm cont.”

“Underground DWV and Storm outside building.”

“Underground DWV pipe outside foundation”

“Rough plumbing underground DWV and Storm piping

“Underground inside plumbing and storm cont.”

“Underground plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Trenching and pipe bedding”

Incorrect pipe bedding.

Incorrect pipe bedding.

Improper pipe bedding!

Examples of properly bedded piping and test tees.

Improperly bedded piping! Should be two stage!

Improperly bedded piping!

Improper pipe bedding

Backfill problems with flowable fill

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm inspections cont.”

“Plumbing and storm inspections cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Examples of sway bracing and anchorage”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Examples of sway bracing and anchorage”

“Examples of sway bracing and anchorage”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

Test tee installation examples

“Plumbing and storm piping continued”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing and storm piping cont.”

“Plumbing inspections cont.”

“Air admittance valves”

“Typical testing materials and equipment”

“Plumbing inspection cont.”

Plumbing inspections cont.

“Plumbing and storm piping inspections cont.”

“Plumbing inspection problems”

“Plumbing inspection problems”

“Plumbing inspection problems”

“Mechanical Code Inspections”

Mechanical Code Inspections continued.