High

Voltage
Performance
from
Tiny Triton
UPS Systems
 1. POWER PROBLEMS

Power supplied by commercial utilities is far

from pure; containing disturbances of
diverse origin from atmospheric events to
Voltage Fluctuations
industrial installations. This power is not safe
for sensitive electronic equipment. Typical
power problems are:-

Distorted Waveforms

Frequency Variations

Pure Sinewave

Transient Voltage

DOUBLE CONVERSION ON-LINE UPS SYSTEM

Fig I : Types of Mains Power Disturbances corrected by
On-Line UPS Systems

Brownouts or Short Interruptions

Blackout or Power
 2. TOTAL POWER SOLUTION

TYPES OF POWER CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT

UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply Systems)

Online
Line-interactive
Servo Off-Line
Line CVTs
Stabilisers
Filters

ELECTRICAL
PARAMETERS
± 1%
±5%
± 7%
± 2%
Voltage Regulation ± 2%
Not
(On Mains Mode)
possible

±1%
± 2%
Not ± 2%
Not
Voltage Regulation possible possible
Not
(Battery Mode)
possible

± 0.2 - 0.5%
Not
Not possible
Not Not possible
Frequency Regulation possible possible
Not
(On Mains Mode)
possible
Provided

Not Provided
Not Provided
Isolation between possible Provided
Not
Input/Output
possible
Protected
Not
Not possible
Not Not possible
Not possible possible
Protection against
possible
Distorted Waveform
at Input
Pure
Quasi/Pure
Quasi- sinewave
Not sinewave
Not squarwave
Not possible possible
Waveform Control
possible
Limited
Limited Complete
protection
protection protection
Not through
Protection from Surges / Not through passive filter
Provided possible possible passive filter
Transients / Spikes
Provided
Provided for longer
Provided time.
for short for limited
Not Typically
Protection against Not time. Typically time. Typically
possible 30min.-
Not possible 15-30 min
Brownouts / Blackouts 10-30 min 4 hours
possible
 3. OVERVIEW
3.1 Organization
• Over a decade of experience in handling
varied projects relating to power conditioning
problems gives us the confidence to take up
any assignment, how so ever challenging.
• A consistent focus on quality is our passionate
concern. We are certified for processes
related to manufacturing, marketing, installation
& servicing to deliver the best to our
valued customers.
• Technological superiority gives us the winning
edge. Constant upgradation of technology
ensures that we remain abreast with the state-
of-the-art technolgy.
• A dedicated team of 250 members who take
up every assignment as a challenge and with a
smile.
• It's our privilege to have retained a large
customer base from various sectors including,
IT, Banking, Insurance, MNC's the
Government. We are constantly forging new
and fruitful relationships.
3.2 Servicing
• Our flexible and customer friendly policies
ensures that a swift, efficient and competent
service reaches the customer to take care of
his specific needs and requirements.
• A decentralised service network, operating
from over 70 nodal centres across the country
deliver our services at the customer's
doorstep.
• A dedicated team of qualified & experienced
personnel equipped with modern
communication systems and endowed with
high mobility allows us to respond to any
emergency with minimum delay.
• Scientific inventory management and support
services ensure a ready supply
of spares at all times. A separate repair center has
been instituted to take care of the repair jobs.
• Our forte is the ability to provide total and integrated
solutions to all sorts of power conditioning
problems.
3.3 Quality Assurance
Systems
• Quality systems are an integral part of the
organisation since inception. They have been
given a concrete shape with the
implementation of Quality Systems as
prescribed under the guidelines of International
Standards Organisation. The company has been
certified ISO 9001 for Manufacturing, Marketing,
Installation & Servicing of UPS Systems, as
also ISO 14001.
• Besides assuring the systems for quality
assurance, our products have been duly
tested and certified by National Quality Assurance
Organisations like ERTL/ETDC/CPRI for
performance standards.
• Our UPS Systems have been awarded Safety &
EMC certification as per IEC standards to conform
to exacting International standards
3.4 Environmental
Considerations
• The execellent efficiency of the equipment
contributes to energy saving.
• Rectifier/converters are low loss giving the
UPS system higher efficiency.
• Noise levels are low and hence suitable for DP
(Data Processing) applications and has no
adverse effects on personnel working in the
vicinity of the UPS Systems.
 4. DESIGN
4.1 Mechanical Design :
Tiny Triton UPS System are compact and comprise of the various sections mounted on a U-shaped chassis.
U-shaped covers enclose the chassis completely & provide protection as per IP-21 standards.

Features.
Ò Detachable front facia and rear panel for ease of maintenance and mounting.
Ò Cable entry and exit from rear bottom
Ò With top cover removed all controls are easily accessible for repair/servicing.
Ò Provision for mounting batteries inside the UPS for smaller back-up times.
Ò User friendly front panel can be easily viewed from all angles easily. LCD displays for metering are available.
Ò Redundant cooling fans for higher rating UPS Systems..
Ò Cooling air flows in from sides and exits from back top side, cooling all components effectively and efficiently.
Ò Isolation between battery/transformer/power section from electronic section provides further protection.
Ò Support members impart greater strength to withstand rough handling / transportation.

4.2 Electrical Design :

As shown in fig.I, the UPS system consists of mainly five components.

Rectifier : Converts the incoming AC (Alternating Current) mains power to DC (Direct Current). Charges the
batteries in both boost-cum-float charge mode with automatic switchover between the two modes to reduce
the battery charging time to minimum and feeds power to the inverter section. Ripple-free & CCCV charging
over a wide input voltage range enhances battery life.

DC to DC converter : (Only in select models.) DC to DC converter is required to step-up the battery voltage
to a higher DC Voltage prior to inversion.

Inverter : Converts the DC back to AC. While converting, close tolerances are maintained for the output
voltage and frequency. The inverter uses PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) to generate the output voltage.
Inverter uses IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) as switching devices which results in higher effi-
ciency and increased reliability of the system.

Batteries : The batteries are connected to the DC link between the rectifier and the inverter. SMF (Sealed
Maintenance Free), Tubular, Automotive Lead Acid Batteries or Ni-cd Batteries can be used alongwith the
Tiny Triton UPS Systems. Battery may be integrated inside the UPS for small back-up times. Batteries may
be housed in separate cubicles or in MS-Racks for extended back-up time requirement. (Battery cubicles
are matched with UPS units and can be provided with castor wheel for easy portability.)

Filter : Converts the PWM output of the inverter section to pure sinewave. It also protects the load from
transient voltage, surges and spikes. The inductance of an output transformer in conjunction with the ca-
pacitor forms an LC-filter which enables produce a sinusoidal output voltage with low harmonic distortion.

Static By-pass Switch (SBS) : Provided as a redundant path in case of failure of any of the other compo-
nents like rectifier, inverter, battery or the filter. The load is connected to the mains power directly through
SBS without any interruption. SBS may be disabled if required for UPS to work only on Async. mode.

Manual Service By-pass (MSB-Optional) : Service By-pass can be used to isolate the UPS equipment
manually without disconnecting the connected load. Used for maintenance and servicing of the UPS System.
4.3 Salient Features of the Control & Regulation circuit are :-
Ò High Dynamic response
Ò Highly accurate frequency control and soft synchronisation without any frequency jumps.
Ò Wide Synchronisation Window for load transfer even incase of unstable incoming mains voltages.
Ò Precise synchronisation with mains provides full redundancy by making By-pass available at all times.
Ò Current regulation and limitation prevents UPS from overload, short-circuit, high switching loads, and from inrush
currents when switching from SBS to Inverter.
Ò Precise PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) produces low output voltage distortions.
Ò Instantaneous PWM control makes the UPS suitable for Non-Linear Loads or loads with high Crest Factor or
Peak Currents
Ò Control circuits is composed of industrial grade electronics with high reliability, which is immune to EMI (Electro-
Magnetic Interference) and generates low EMI itself, making it suitable to be used with Data Processing &
Telecom Equipments.
Ò Soft start feature to handle high in rush currents.
5. OPERATION :
The UPS operates in different modes under various redundant path as long as mains voltage remains within
conditions. The possible conditions are:- tolerance limits.
5.1 MAINS AVAILABLE & B. Transient voltages, surges or spikes :The UPS input
is provided with Line Filters/MOVs (Metal Oxide Variastors)
INVERTER ON : that prevent surges to pass through the UPS. Besides the
Power is converted by the rectifier from AC to DC and fed filter circuit at the output ensures only pure waveform to
to the inverter which converts it back into AC (PWM-wave the loads connected at the output of the UPS System.
form). The Waveform is passed through a filter circuit to
provide pure sinusoidal waveform at the output. A part of C Mains frequency variations : Mains Frequency variation
the power from rectifier flows into batteries for charging. within specified limits have no effect on the rectifier. The
The inverter operates in synchronism with the mains inverter operates in synchroninism with mains as long as
supply as long as the mains voltage and the mains frequency is within the range.
frequency are within the tolerance limits. When mains frequency goes beyond the
range, the inverter switches to self-
5.2 MAINS AVAILABLE & clocked operation. The SBS work only in
a synchronous mode during this period.
INVERTER OFF OR
FAULTY : 5.4 MAINS FAILURE :
Inverter is switched from the control In event of power failure, power is
switches provided on the front panel. When supplied from the batteries and there is
UPS is switched OFF, the SBS starts no transfer time or break in power during
feeding the mains power to the load without switch-over to operation on battery mode.
any interruption (provided mains supply is The back-up time will depend upon the
within tolerance for synchronisation), or with size of the batteries and the load on the
a small break incase mains voltage and frequency are UPS. Back-up time may be extended by switching off non-
out of tolerance for synchronisation (Also called critical loads during this period.
"asynchronous"). The rectifier is kept ON to charge the
batteries. 5.5 RESUMPTION OF MAINS
5.3 OPERATION UNDER MAINS POWER :
After restoration of mains supply, the rectifier starts up
DISTURBANCES : automatically. Power is fed to the inverter and
A. Mains under/over voltage :The rectifier operates simultaneously used for charging the battery bank. The
without any restriction as long as the input voltage remains current drawn from the mains is limited so that sources of
withing specified limits. Incase of mains supply like DG set are not loaded excessively. The
under/overvoltage, the rectifier is switched OFF and the charging levels are preset in the factory depending upon
UPS operates on battery mode and behaves in a manner the backup requirement, upto a maximum of 10 Amp.
similar to mains failure. The SBS is available as a charging current.
 6. SIZING / SELECTION OF UPS RATING
6.1 Types of Loads :
While sizing the UPS rating, it is necessary to determine
load-characteristics. Various loads may be classified as
the following:
Ò Heavy in-rush current loads (current required for
smaller duration, typically 100-200 ms)
e.g Disk-Drives, Monitors, SMPS based
computer loads, etc.
Ò Higher starting current loads (current required for
longer duration, typically 15-30 seconds)
eg. Motors, Fans, Laser-Printers.
Ò Loads needing rated running current on being
energised (current required continuously)
eg Dot-Matrix printers, lamps, etc.
6.2 Power Factor :
The active power required by any load is a percentage of
the total power required from the mains supply. This ratio
is called the power factor, which should be considered
while sizing a UPS. eg. Typically a computer of 200 VA
connected load consumes active power of 140 watts, at
0.7 power factor.
Computer Load (in watts) 140
-------------------------------- = ------- = 0.7
Computer Power required (VA) 200
7. SELECTION OF BATTERIES
AND RUN-TIME
7.1 Battery Back-up
Determine the battery back-up time required for
critical load based on
Ò Frequency of mains failure at given site.
Ò Duration of such failures
Ò Criticallity of operation
Ò Availability of alternative supply source (eq. DG Set)
7.2 Type of Batteries
Determine the type of batteries based on
Ò Cost of batteries
Ò Duration of back-up time required
Ò Availability of service personnel for maintenance.
Ò Environmental constraints like flame proof
environments etc.
Ò Space available for storage of batteries
Choice can be made from Sealed Maintenance
Any UPS should typically feed loads with power factor
varying between 0.6 (lag) to 1.0 (unity), without exceeding
its VA/watt capacity cumulatively.
6.3 Load Estimation
Ò Identify all critical loads to be connected to the UPS
system
Ò Determine the watt /VA Rating of each load for Starting
and Running conditions. (Many times UPS are
wrongly over-sized considering the loads for their
starting current cummulatively. However in practice,
most loads are switched on different times).
Ò Add the loads for determining the Watt/VA Rating of
the UPS (Note : The cumulative watt/VA rating of the
loads based on running currents should not exceed
the watt/VA rating of the UPS, respectively).
6.4 DIVERSITY FACTOR :
In sizing the UPS capacity, consider the diversity factor
which means taking into account the usage of maximum
member of loads at any given point in time. Typically most
IT applications have a diversity factor varying between 0,6
to 0,9.
Free (SMF) /Lead Acid Tubular/Automotive/Ni-Cd
batteries for UPS application Practical example of the
above details are.
Example 1 : A small network comprising of a server and
few nodes carrying out non-critical work. SMF
Batteries giving a back-up time of 10-15 would suffice
to finish the work, and initiate an orderly shut-down.
These batteries would need little space and be cost-
effective as compared to Lead Acid Batteries.
Example 2 : A Large Network like a Bank having On-
Line transaction and public dealings needs back-up of
2-4 hours if not backed up by a Diesel Generator set. In
such applications Stationary Tubular Lead Acid
Batteries are recommended, keeping the cost factor in
mind. However criticality of operation may tilt the choice
in favoure of Sealed Maintenance Free Batteries.
 8. UPS CONFIGURATIONS :
UPS Systems can be operated as stand-alone systems or in
redundant configuration for critical applications.
8.1 Hot Standby Configuration:
Incase of Hot-Standby configuration, there are two UPS of
identical rating which feed a load of the same rating. Under normal
conditions, UPS in 'Hot' state feeds the load and the other UPS
operates in 'stand-by' mode. In case the main UPS fails the load is
transfered automatically to the standby UPS without any interruption.
8.2 Battery Sharing :
Hot-Standby Redundant configuration the two UPS may have
seperate battery banks (i.e. batteries are also redundant) or can
be connected to a common battery bank (i.e. to reduce cost) as
Fig III : Hot Stand-by
Redundant Configuration of two
UPS Systems with common Battery
Bank
shown in fig II & fig III. respectively.
8.3 Parallel Redundant Configuration:
Two UPS of identical rating feed a load of capacity not exceeding the
rating of one UPS system, thus sharing the load & utilising only 50% of
their rated capacities under normal operating conditions. In the event of
malfunctioning of one UPS, the entire load is taken over automatically by
the UPS in working condition. Inverters, of both UPS are synchronized
& provided with a common ‘by-pass’ supply Provision also exists to add
upto two more UPS of similar capacity in parallel, thus distributing the
load further & also opting for N+1 configuration, if required (for some
models).
Fig II : Hot Stand-by Redundant
Configuration of two UPS Systems with independent
Battery Banks
 9 SOFTWARE
OPTIONS
Why needed? — Your UPS is working fine when
the mains power fails but nobody is available to
initiate an orderly shut-down, Here software option
comes to your rescue. It monitors your UPS for
power failure and insures proper shutdown of your
computer system when you are not present to shut
it down yourself.
Features :-
Ò Easy to use, menu driven installation screen.
Ò Automatically detects
– Power failures.
– Low Battery condition.
– System shutting down.
Ò Broadcasts messages to the users regarding
– AC Power Failure.
– AC Power Restored.
– UPS on Batteries.
– Low Battery condition.
Programmable shut-down timer and warning
period.
Ò Shuts Off UPS after computer shut-down to
prevent excessive discharge of batteries.
Ò Maintains Log file that records UPS status.
Disables user login during shut-down
procedure.
Network Connectivity
UPS can be connected onto a network for control &
remote monitoring of its status and
parameters by employing additional
hardware such as SNMP adaptor which can
work through any SNMP Network
Management Platform like IBM Net View, HP
Open view etc. on Network Management
Station (NMS) or through a web browser
using TCP/ IP for remote monitoring.
10. THE WINNING
COMBINATION
IGBTs + 20 KHz (High Frequency)
PWM
Ò IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) are
available in modules rated for high voltages and
current e.g. 200 A /1500 V. and above
Ò MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductors Field
Effect Transistors) are rated for lower voltages and
currents, typically 50A/600 V. Hence a number of
MOSFETs have to paralleled to deliver the rated
power which reduces the reliability of the system.
Ò IGBT based Inverters can be designed at
higher DC Bus Voltages giving better efficiency. A
MOSFET based system is usually designed at
lower voltages and will have lower efficiency.
Ò IGBTs have lower switching losses compared to
MOSFETS leading to better efficiencies.
Ò Systems using IGBTs can have higher DC link
Voltages and hence use uncontrolled rectifiers at
the input section, which results in Higher overall
efficiency due to increased rectifier efficiency. IGBT
based rectifier available in select models.
Less harmonic current distortion at the input
improves input power factor.
Ò IGBT based systems have a better dynamic
response
Ò High (PWM - Pulse Width Modulated) frequency
System have better approximation to sinewave,
thereby reducing the total harmonic distortion in
the output waveform.
Ò High frequency PWM Systems have better
instantaneous value control and better dynamic
response to transient loads, making the UPS
system suitable for switching loads like laser
printers, etc.
Ò Higher switching frequency reduces the size of
filtering components making the system more
compact and reliable.
 TECHNICAL DATA
Specifications TINY TRITON SERIES (Models TT‐500VA to TT‐10K)
TECHNOLOGY  TRUE ON LINE (Double Conversion, Microprocessor Controlled Design)
INPUT
Voltage Range Single Phase Input 160‐270 V (other ranges available on request)
Frequency Range  50 Hz ± 6%
Phase Single Phase
Power Factor ≥ 0.9 (at rated O/P load)
Supply  From Electrical Mains/DG set supply (Generator Compatible)
OUTPUT
Voltage 220V / 230V / 240V (selectable)
Voltage Regulation  ± 1%
Frequency Regulation  50 Hz ±0.% in free running mode
Waveform    Pure Sinewave
Phase   Single Phase
Load Power Factor 0.7 lag 
Total Harmonic Distortion <3% (on linear load)
<7% (on non‐linear load) 
Overall Efficiency ≥ 85% (on full rated load)
Transfer Time NIL
Transient Response ±4% for 100% step load variation
Response Time Recovery to ± 2% of output voltage within 20 millisecs
Crest Factor Ratio  3:1
Cold Start Without mains available
Galvanic Isolation  Provided through in‐built transformer 
Inverter Type 20 KHz Pulse Width Modulation using IGBTs
Static By‐Pass
Static By‐Pass Provided
PROTECTION
Over Load Short Circuit Over Heating Input Over / Under DC Under/ Over
Voltage Protection Voltage Protection
Provided Provided Provided Provided  Provided
(MCBS at I/P and O/P)
VISUAL INDICATORS with AUDIBLE ALARMS
AC Mains On Fault Inverter ON Load on Batteries
Load on Bypass Over Load Load Level  Battery Level Bar Graph
Low Battery (on select models) (on select models)
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Audible Noise Temperature Range Relative Humidity
<50 dB at 1 mtr. Distance 0° C to 45° C 10‐95% RH non‐condensing
Communication Port with Software Interface (OPTIONAL)
DB9/ RS 232/ SNMP Adaptor available
Various possible options are available by employing the relevant hardware & software such as: orderly shutdown of OS/ display of UPS parameters and
operating condition/ broadcasting of UPS status /Network connectivity of UPS/ UPS self test/ Scheduled shutdown/ re‐start of UPS/ web‐based remote 
monitoring etc.
BATTERIES
DC Bus Voltage External Batteries Battery Recharge Time
24 volts to 240 Volts Available upto four  For full recharge within <8 Hrs.
depending on ratings hours back‐up time
METERING (OPTIONAL) 
Input/ Output Voltage/Output Current/Wattage/ Output Frequency/ DC Voltage/ DC Current/ Backup time (LCD Dispaly available in select models)
RATINGS:
500VA / 1KVA / 2KVA / 3KVA / 4KVA / 5KVA / 6KVA / 7.5KVA / 10KVA. 
* Product upgradation is a continuous process, hence, data in this product catalogue is subject to change without prior notice.
** These specifications are for a standard Product. Customized specifications can be offered against specific requirements.

TRITRONICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD. 
143, FIE, Patparganj Industrial Area
D lhi 110 092 INDIA
Delhi – 110 092. INDIA
Tel.: 91‐11‐42161100 Fax : 91‐11‐42161148
Email –  sales@tritronicsindia.com
 SALIENT FEATURES OF TINY TRITON
UPS SYSTEMS
• True isolated ON-LINE Design.
• Govt. Test Labs (ERTL/ ETDC/ CPRI) Type Tested and Approved. T-SEC approved by BSNL.
• Compact, Space-saving design. Requires little floor space.
• Extended run time facility & Diesel Genset compatible operation.
• Easy to instal and maintain due to Modular Design of the control circuitry
• Low noise. Can be installed next to the computer or close to data processing equipments.
• IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) based inverter section gives high reliability to the
system. IGBT based rectifier available in select models.
• Detailed Front Facia Display indicates various fault conditions and operating status of the UPS.
• Excellent overall efficiency. Reduces electricity bills, ensures lower heat generation and less
load on air-conditioning.
• Excellent dynamic control due to high switching frequency (of 20 KHz). Transient conditions
and disturbance are corrected quickly to avoid any stress to the connected loads.
• Intelligent Computer Interface in-built to provide software communication with almost all
standard operating systems.
• Satisfied Customer References from Banking Sector, Computer OEMs, Telecom, Corporate
Sector, Industrial Users and Government Department.
• A Comprehensive Quality System ensures that all steps through design, development
construction, procurement manufacturing, installation and service are fully covered.
• ISO 9001 & ISO 14001 certified. 

 
TRITRONICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD.,
 

143, F.I.E., Patparganj Industrial Area

Delhi - 110092 (INDIA)
Tel.: 91-11-42161100
Fax: 91-11-42161148
E-mail: sales@tritronicsindia.com