12.05.2018 Perfection of Means and Confusion of Goals May FORCE US-China-Russia TREATIES? Ben Gal-Or

Online
Aerospace Periodicals & Annual Books [with edited ads Figures, text, videos]; All rights reserved to Prof.-Dr. Benjamin Gal-Or

2020-2040,
TH-
6 Generation
Aerospace Upates
Online
U.S., Russia, China, India, Israel, UK, Japan, EU
Volume II of best seller TEXTBOOK, Reference 12

I am thankful to all those who said NO.
Because of them I did it myself. A. EINSTEIN

AUTHOR: "Benjamin Gal-Or & Wolfgang Herbst have influenced
the direction of fighter aircraft design."; “Many of Gal-Or's ideas,
and those of Herbst, are now being tested and flown
operationally"; "Their technology will offer new challenges.
Solving the inevitable human points problems that will emerge,
involve questioning established doctrine and reaching for
innovative and imaginative solutions." RTO-EN-12, RTO-TR-
015/HFM-015, U.S. AIR FORCE & NATO.*

* Editor-in-chief, International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines,
[1-11]; Gold Medal by the New York Academy of Sciences for
developing the new General Relativistic (Einstein's Gravity Physics), Entropy-Free School of Radiation-
Thermodynamics, (1972); Farm-boy; No-High-school; B.Sc. (1959), M.Sc. (1961), D.Sc. (1964), TIIT; Assist.
Prof., Johns Hopkins Univ. (1964-1966), Assoc. Prof. Univ. of Pittsburgh, (1966-1968); Joint Prof. of Univ. of
Pittsburgh & TIIT, (1968-1983); 1968-1987 wrote "Cosmology, Physics and Philosophy", Springer Verlag,
[Google]; Asked to EDIT-PUBLISH Einstein's Heritage but proffered to be done by Hebrew Univ. in Jerusalem,
as done); Professor, TIIT, (1972); First director, of the Inst. of Advanced Studies, TIIT, (1976-1977); Author of
"Vectored Propulsion, Supermaneuverability and Robot Aircraft" [Google], [12], and of references 13 to 48.
1
Online Aerospace Periodicals & Annual Books [with edited ads Figures, text, videos]; All rights reserved to Prof.-Dr. Benjamin Gal-Or

Perfection Means of ,
Confusion Goals Force of , may
US-China-Russia-Treaties?

Read Einstein Dictums

2

FOREWORD

Perfection of means and confusion of goals, seem, in my opinion,
to characterize our age. A. EINSTEIN

The world would not be destroyed by those who do evil,
but by those who watch them without doing anything. A. EINSTEIN

Only two things are infinite,
the universe and human stupidity,
and I am not sure about the universe. A. EINSTEIN

Opinions published within EINSTEIN'S HERITAGE focus on the Curse of Numbers:
E.g., Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, often imply own sole right by larger numbers,
or greater popularity v. Polls in countries, academies, UN, Societies, Sport organizations, arts,
sciences, dark energy, theory of everything v. Einstein:

What is right is not always popular and what is popular is not always right.

Any fool can make things bigger, more complex, and more violent.
It takes a touch of genius – and a lot of courage – to move in the opposite direction. A. EINSTEIN

When Dead Pilots See the End of War

When unmanned weapons in the forthcoming 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation of rival global weapons fail in
unmanned-type-of-encounters, or are anticipated to fail, manned fighter aircraft may be ordered, forcing
the prospect of lost life on both sides. Such unmanned encounters should not involve loss of human lives on
any side, under TREATIES that may be induced by confusion or emptiness of rival goals. A BINDING TREATY
LIKE THIS is fundamentally fair ON ALL TREATY SIDES, and is highly due. ADDITIONAL TREATIES MAY be
induced by the leaders, but please do not laugh, say by good-faith but binding treaties RE:
3

(1) Co-Festive-Activities, with Medals via (domestic) DRONES-UCAV-SPORTS, less disclosing design secrets,
(2) Co-Festive-Activities, with Medals within (6-Countries?) DRONES-UCAV-"OLYMPIC"-CLOSED-EVENTS,
(3) Co-Festive-Activities, with Medals via civilizing military JES, Fig. 9, Conclusion No. 11, [44-48].
Enough said, and cited, but see next.
1. Follow-the-leader-swarms are also family sports.
Follow-the-leader swarms of drones are both a sport-type-activity and a growing technology of 6TH-
Generation air and sea combat. The swarms are composed of prop-drones or jet-UCAVs that move within a
pre-defined distance of each other, as the swarm maneuvers under radio-controlled commands, as a single
unit.

2. Psychological drills vs. hot-encounters
National flyer championships of low-cost, commercial, remote-controlled air and sea vehicles may be
established in variously located sports clubs, as non-military activities, even when an ulterior, hidden drive
is to demonstrate hitting ''non-sport-targets'' with ''non-wooden balls'' – perhaps as a local deterrence
against superior armed forces.
3. China has already flight tested at least 1108 prop-drones as a single unit
In December 2017, at the Global Fortune Form in Guangzhou, China flies a swarm of 1108 prop-drones,
reported to have self-repairing and auto-landing capabilities, [February 03, 2018, The Diplomat].
In 2017 China had also tested drones flying at 20 km altitude, a mission involving the Academy of
Optoelectronics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. There is also a video that shows China flying a 119-
Swarm of prop-drones, each costing only around $150: https://www.wetalkuav.com/119-fixed-wing-
drones-china/
4

2020-2040, 6TH-Generation Aerospace Update Online
U.S., Russia, China, India, Israel, UK, Japan, EU
Volume II of best seller TEXTBOOK, Reference 12

TABLE OF CONTENTS (annual books of aerospace updates online)
CHAPTER I: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation-Aerospace-Updates on
U.S., Russia, China, Israel, UK, India, Japan, EU
CHAPTER II: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation Aerospace-Update on USA & a class case to study
CHAPTER III: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation Aerospace-Update on RUSSIA & a class case to study
CHAPTER IV: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation Aerospace-Update on CHINA & a class case to study
CHAPTER V: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation Aerospace-Update on ISRAEL & a class case to study
CHAPTER VI: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation Aerospace-Update on UK & a class case to study
CHAPTER VII: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation Aerospace-Update on INDIA & a class case to study
CHAPTER VIII: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation Aerospace-Update on JAPAN & a class case to study
CHAPTER IX: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation Aerospace-Update on EU & a class case to study
APENDICIES, REFERENCES, INDEX
5

Key aero-sea-space-combat Glossary-I
Jetonautics v. Aeronautics; Swarming v. Stealth

Technologies; Counter-Air-Penetration (CAP); CAP-B-
21; LRSO; NCM; ASSM-ER; hypersonic cruise missiles; B-
61 gravity-free-fall-from-B-21-Nuclear-bombs; GBU-31;
Jet-Engine-Steering (JES); JES-F-22; JES-Su-57; HAL; JES-
J-10B; LCS; BRAHMOS; izdeliye 30 v. W-10, W-15; PAC
DA, S-500, THAAD, ARROW-3, DAVID SLING; STEALTH-
JES-UCAVs; X-47B; TARANIS; JES-UCAV-CARRIERS,
SUBMARINES SURFING to REFUEL JES-UCAVs; JES-
Force-Multiplier; JES-Kill-Ratios; AEGIS; DF-ZF, DH-17,
WU-14; JES-X-44-MANTA, Nominated Committees
Experts; UCLASS DELAYS; F-35 FAILURES; Civilizing JES;
funding, OTHER PROGRAMS IN NEXT SPECIFIC
NATIONAL CHAPTERS.

Key aero-sea-space-combat Glossary-II
th-
AAS... 5 Gen-stealth-initial-path Acclaimed as Stealth
AAS via INDIA...voiding SU-57-claims: Unacceptable lo
AOOF...........Aeronautics-Only-Obsolete-Flight-control
AOOF-FREE.......JES-JETS (3D-Vector, F-22, J-10, Su-57)
ARROW-3 Israel-US-hype-NCM/Ballistic-Missiles-Killer
ASSM-ER...................conventional cruise missile, CCM
BRAHMOS RUSSIAN-INDIAN hypersonic cruise missile
BVR...........Beyond Visual Range combat engagements
B-21......U.S. $85-bn-Bomber/Command-Center/UCAV
B-61-12.................New gravity-free-fall-nuclear-bomb
CAP Counter-Air-Penetration led by B-21 or JES-UCAV
David Sling Israel-US hypeNCM/Ballistic-Missiles-Killer
FDL-DS.......................Follow-The-Leader Drone-Swarm
F-22......................stealth-JES fighter A/C v. J-20, SU 57
F-35.....................stealth-US fighter aircraft, 3 Versions
GAO..............U.S. Government Accounting Office, [49]
GBU-31......Satellite-guided-bombs on unmanned B-21
FM-JES...Force-Multiplier by High-JES-Kill-Ratio in WVR
H-20 .......................China wing-type-new bomber, AAS
Hypersonic Weapons e.g. Tupolev PAC DA, BRAHMOS
JBF.......................................JES-By-Fluidics-Technology
JES....Jet Engine Steering (3D-Vector, F-22, J-10, Su-57)
JPT.....Safest-High-T/W-JES-PASSENGERS-TRANSPORTS
Jetonautics........Systems-of-Systems-JES-Technologies
J-10.............Pentagon: About 50% of 2018 combat A/C
J-10B............canarded-tailed JES-A/C, AAS combat A/C
J-20..........canarded-tailed, 2-engines, AAS combat A/C
6

J-31........canardless-tailed, 2 engines, AAS combat A/C
IFPC..............Integrated (JES) Flight Propulsion Control
LCS..........JES-Type Littoral Combat Ships/Missile boats
LRSO...Nuclear Cruise Missile/B-21-optionally-manned
MQ-25...............Boeing's diluted UCLASS as fuel tanker
NCM......Nuclear Cruise Missiles, e.g. launched by B-21
SACOM....Standard (Post-Stall) Air-Combat Maneuvers
S-JES................Stealth-JES, e.g., F-22, F-35, X-44, SU-57
TH
SOS........6 -Generation Systems-Of-Systems Programs
SU-57.....canardless tailed, JES fighter jet, AAS by India
Submarines-UCAV-Refueling........surfing for refueling
S400........Current Russian surface-to-air mobile system
TH
S500.......6 -Gen Russian surface-to-air mobile system
Taranis.................Flight-tested, large UK-Stealth-UCAV
THAAD....kinetic-impact-anti-Ballistic, etc. U.S.-system
TVFC.................Thrust Vectoring Flight Control aka JES
UCAV...... Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles, JET Drones
TH
UCLASS....6 -GEN-Program closed by endless debates
USV/ULV....Unmanned Sea and Land Combat Vehicles
WVR...........Within Visual Range combat engagements
X-44-MANTA.........Multi-Axis No-Tail-A/C or JES-UCAV
X-51 was USAF-DARPA-PWA-BOEING-scramjet,(below)

(1) THE UNITED STATES

Congress and President Trump approved U.S. defense budget for
FY 2019: $716 billion. The defense budget does not state
classified funding for Counter-Air-Penetration (CAP) of Russia and
and/or China offensive/defense spaces, (Figs. 17, 35) during 2020-
2020-2040 6TH-Generation of air-sea-land-space-combat, partly by
fleets of stealth, B-21-"optionally manned", tailless, canardless,
long-range, supersonic bombers/command-center/UCAV/FLYING-BOMBS (right), to be deployed about 7
years from now, with "optionally manned", forthcoming, new, stealth, fighter jet, and larger fleets or
swarms of new, stealth, missile-armed-AI-UCAVs, [Government Accounting Office (GAO) reference 49].
Inter alia, B-21 may fly with another 6th-generation new: "optionally-manned", CAP-fighter-aircraft and
unspecified fleets of armed UCAVs, like X-47B derivatives, or UK UCAV TRANANIS, or low-cost options
identified in Chapter II.
7

B-21 unmanned CAP-fleet may function as ONE-WAY, SUPER-CLUSTER OF FLYING BOMBS aimed
at KEY TARGETS, or SPLIT during CAP MISSIONS to Russia and/or China.

This chapter highlights 15 advantages of
"pure" JES-X-44, MANTA, which is also proceeding
as highly classified, and it represents the final
defeat of aeronautics by jetonautics, Fig. 8.

Criticism of F-35 design is proffered as a class
case study, Fig. 15, [8].

Image on the right shows sea jetonautics by
water-jets-steered LCS (Chapter II, Figs 18-21)

8

(2) ISRAEL
ARROW 3 (right), is currently operational. It provides interception of ballistic
missiles, including missiles carrying nuclear, chemical, biological or conventional
warheads. Its reported range is 2,400 km, Fig. 33. It is integrated with
operational, SOS-COMPONENT, DAVID SLING (left), which intercepts tactical
ballistic missiles, medium-to-long-range rockets, nuclear hypersonic cruise
missiles, planes and UCAVs. Its kill vehicle is equipped with jet-steering for
super-maneuverability during final kill-stage that involves AI-proxy-exploding
the targets by three-pulse motor that provides additional acceleration and
maneuverability during the final killing phase, Fig. 34. Sub-launched cruise
missiles and exported ELTA RADARS, are now operational and exported, as well
as super agile combat boats, submarines with NCM deliverables.

(3) THE UNITED KINGDOM
TARANIS is a new, flight tested, stealth UCAV, currently powered by Rolls-Royce jet engine Adour 951, which
provides 6,480 lb thrust. It is one of the world largest armed UCAVs and can be integrated with B-21-SOS-CAP-MISSIONS.
Introduction.

(4) INDIA
TURBO-RAMJET-SCRAMJET BRAHMOS has been developed with Russia. It may reach Mach 7 as scramjet-
cruise-missile and is expected to be tested first by 2020, Fig. 32. India pulled out of Joint Stealth Fighter
Project With Russia. It has reportedly withdrawn from a 11-year joint program to develop a fighter jet
with Russia, being unsatisfied with the Russian top fighter aircraft Su-57 -- the main issues being the
charge that Su-57's stealth design is not what the Russians claim, [51].

9

(5) RUSSIA:
AAS STEALTH ACCORDING TO INDIA: Voiding SU-57 treaty for

unacceptable lo, [51]. The canardless, Su-57 (T-50, PAK-FA, mature power-
plant izdeliye 30 beyond 2027, at least 24,544 lbf, 39,556 lbf with ab], is
probably on Russia's initial path to stealth. India, being unsatisfied with its
stealth design, [51], may next go it alone. Reactions to U.S. AEGIS that has
been deployed in JAPAN, ROMANIA, and later in POLAND, has recently
shifted rivalry focus from problematic SU-57, UCAVs, and decades of
reported problems in jet engines, [50], to space, Chapter VII.

Russia's S-500 is a 6TH-Generation, surface-to-surface missile-anti-
ballistic SOS to be deployed beyond 2020. It has been developed by Almaz
Central Design Bureau, as an upgrade of S-300/S-400, Fig. 35, [50, 51, 53,
54, 55].

Russia's UCAV program started and cancelled by
MIG, then restarted: A 20 ton UCAV Mikoyan Skat was
discontinued at MIG, started at SU as Okhonik-B, and
apparently, has been revived at MIG. It was to be
powered by a single Klimov RD-5000B turbofan engine,
a variant of the RD-93, [50, 51].

(6) CHINA:
On November 06, 2018, China made its first public display of its first JET-ENGINES-STEERED, canarded, non-
stealthy, JES-fighter-aircraft: "Now China's J-10(B) joins the elite club of super-maneuverable fighter jets",
[55]. It is a combat A/C on par with experimental JES-F-16-VISTA from decades ago, [40-43]. Pentagon: In
2018 about 50% of China's combat A/C are J-10. On the path to be stealthy is a canarded-tailed, 2-engines
10

combat A/C Chengdu-J-20 (1st image) v. canardless-tailless, subsonic, 2-engines, Xian-H-20 Bomber, which
resembles
U.S. FLYING WING, STEALTHY B-2; The 2nd image is J-31, a canardless-tailed, 2 engines, AAS combat A/C.

On June 5, 2018 China released images of its stealth-UCAV-Dark Sword. In August 2018, China announced
its first successful testing of hypersonic vehicle, Cf. Fig. 31. Its hypersonic missiles DF-ZF or DH-17 or WU-14,
may be operational by 2020, and are claimed to be capable of nuclear weapons delivery and anti-ship
ballistic missiles reaching key U.S. targets and CARRIERS STRIKE GROUPS.

For its advanced jets, or JES-JETS, China is still mainly using the Russian AL-31 series of turbofans, which,
beyond 2027, is claimed to be replaced with a mature power-plant izdeliye 30, (at least 24,544 lbf, 39,556 lbf
with ab), [50], claiming that in the years ahead, its WS-10 derivatives, or the more powerful WS-15, will be
available.
But decades of reported problems, [50], indicate that, GOVERNMENT ENTITIES, in both Russia and China,
cannot reach the reliability and performance levels of the 3 top WESTERN, NON-GOVERNMENT-COMPANIES
11

PWA, GE and RR, which also struggle hard to resolve their own problems, some with government agencies
and Nominated Committees Experts, NOCE, [8, 50-55].

PREFACE
VOLUME I

The hypotheses with which (a new development) starts,
become steadily more abstract and remote from experience.
Meanwhile the train of thought leading
from the axioms to the empirical facts of verifiable consequence
gets longer and more subtle. A. Einstein

This book is designed to fill a professional vacuum in the new field of advanced Vectored Stealth Aircraft,
VSA.
It contains a core of unclassified knowledge, that, according to the latest trends in military aviation, should be
mastered by all aeronautical engineers and students, as well as by advanced pilots and various R&D people. The
subject matter of this book has never before been investigated, or presented, as a unified field of study, partially
because it covers an entirely new field of study, and the literature on specific problems.

As a result, different engineers have approached the new integrated systems from widely varying, and
sometimes misleading viewpoints, employing disjointed concepts to what should be a unified R&D-design
methodology.

Consequently, this book departs from traditional, isolated texts on aerodynamics, thermodynamics,
propulsion, electrodynamics, radar, control, materials, flight, mechanics and design, in its emphasis on the
interconnectedness of up-dated information in vectored, agile, STOL, or V/STOL, manned or unmanned aircraft.

12

Thus, in trying to develop a new, integrated methodology, we refrain from repeating various, well-known,
isolated, mathematical-computational analyses, and, instead, stress the physical and performance
consequences from the end-user point of view.

For the sake of unification and simplicity, the physico-performance options are first introduced in as simple a
manner as possible, using many illustrated graphs and diagrams.
Part of the text is an expanded version of three university courses on "Jet-Engine Design", "Fluid Dynamics,
Heat Transfer and the performance of Jet Engines", and "Technology of Jet Engines", and "Technology of Jet
Engines", given at this institute over a period of years. The other part, and perhaps the major part of the text, is
the exposition of the new technology with every argument that can lead to testable consequences in the
laboratory and in flight testing.

IN SUM: Proper use of vectored [JES] RPVs emerges as a highly-effective R&D tool, replacing some of the more
traditional roles of wind-tunnel simulations. The actual, feedback mechanisms employed in this type of highly-
integrated design methodology, are marked (in the main AERO-R&D-DIAGRAM there, [12 at 10]), as a
preliminary definition of Integrated VSA.

An advanced propulsion/airframe system (on which 5th/6th-integrated-gens-VSA are based), as a whole, (as
THE CENTRAL PILAR and MOST-INVESTED ELEMENT within 5th/6th-gen, Systems Of Systems, SOS) -- cannot be
optimized by improving each variable separately, and, then, superimposing the results on each other to get the
whole optimized system.

It is, thus, imperative to strive for the overall design, i.e., to strive for an interconnected design philosophy in
which the various variables are complementary within the framework of a reliable, whole-system-engineering
methodology that does not exist yet.

Instead, one may use the feedback methodology depicted (in the Diagram) and detailed in the text. A few
preliminary concepts for vectored aircraft R&D may be introduced now:
13

* Vectored RPV emerge as highly-effective R&D tools, replacing some of the more traditional roles of wind-
tunnel testing and untested computational simulations.
* Mission definition and synthesis is a time-variant, testing-variant matrix, that should not be specified
prematurely as a "final cause".
* Design for low signatures should be of prime importance in conceptual and preliminary designs.
* Propulsion-laboratory testing of integrated wing-nozzle-engine-inlet systems is of prime importance.

PREFACE TO VOLUME II

Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory,
tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat. SUN TZU

No style of thinking will survive which cannot produce a usable product
when survival is at stake. Thomas F. Gladwin

What is unorthodox and unprecedented in this book?

Much has happened during the last 28 years since the publication of textbook [12] on jetonautics,
especially in terms of the somewhat surprising rate by which the revolutionary concepts, fundamentals,
strategies, designs, air-combat rules, tactics, civil applications and 15 advantages of jetonautics, [1-12, 13,
14, 22-31, 33-48], over Aeronautics-Only-Obsolete-Flight-control, AOOF, within the 3RD-Flight-Control
Revolution, have been gaining increasing acceptance and global support, even by the most skeptical
professionals.
As we pass today the gates leading to the global, 6TH-Generation concepts, designs, fundamentals,
technologies, means and strategies defined in this and the next Chapter, we face 20 timely, apparently
reformative conclusions, 13 of which are presented by this introductory chapter.
14

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Volume I

Part of the unclassified research work published here, as well as the integrated methodology of
laboratory/flight testing developed, has been financially sponsored by

Teledyne CAE,
The General Electric Co.,
The United States Air Force, USAF,
General Dynamics,

I wish to thank my research sponsors as well the editors, publishers and boards of the various
periodicals, reports and books referenced in this volume for allowing me, directly and indirectly, by
policy or word, to include figures appearing in this volume, as quoted below and in the respective
references.
Indeed, I am especially indebted to AIAA, ASME, SAE, AHS, IDR, NASA, USAF-WPAFB, US Army, IDF, IAF,
Journal of Propulsion, International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines, Journal of Power and Gas Turbines,
Journal of Aircraft, the General Electric Co., Pratt & Whitney, RR, Teledyne, Allison Gas Turbines of GM,
Garrett, Bet Shemesh Engines, Turbomeca, MRB, MTU, General Dynamics, Northrop, Lockheed, IAI, NPT,
TAT, IGTA, KHD, Micro-Turbo, Donaldson Co., Avco-Lycoming and the McGraw Hill Co.

Most important, the evolution of this important field of aviation has been made possible by the
significant contributions of the many individuals whose works have been selected in the preparation
process of this book. A few of these pioneers are mentioned by name in Appendix A. However, our
greatest gratitude is with the long list of contributors as reflected in the References, and in the text itself.

15

In revising the text, I have been helped, in various ways, by Doron Bar Annann, Dr. A. Rasputinis, Erez
Friedman, Sara Voroveitchik, Mike Turgemann, Dan Erez, Eran Liron, Prof. Yoram Tambour, and,
indirectly, by General David Ivry, the General Director of Israel's MoD, D. W. B. Herbst of MBB, Mr. T. P.
McAtee, Mr. Jerry Murff, Mr. Fran Ketter, Mr. Tom Barret, and Mr. C. Porcher of General Dynamics, M. F.
Ehric, Mr. E. Albert and Mr. S. Levy of I.A.I., and Mr. D. Bowers and Mr. W. Lindsay, of the U.S. Air Force.

Indirectly, I have also been helped by my students, who frequently contributed comments and
questions, especially by those who had selected to participate in my courses "Fluid Dynamics, Heat
Transfer, and the Performance of Jet Engines", "Design of Propulsion Systems", "Jet-Engines
Technology" and "Jet Engines-1".

Erez Friedman has given me invaluable, first-class professional help in constructing the first Pure
Vectored RPVs and the first vectored F-15/F-16 RPVs, and in flight testing them in the spring of 1987, and
in the summer of 1989, respectively.

Similar acknowledgement and gratitude go to Mike Turgemann, who constructed our very first
vectored RPV and flight tested it in April and May 1987.

My deepest gratitude goes to my two sons, Amir Gal-Or and Gillad Gal-Or, who, during our long,
enthusiastic, professional discussions, have contributed many ideas, and have also encouraged me to
pursue these ideas in laboratory and RPVs flight testing.

Finally I want to express my greatest indebtedness to the Publisher, Springer Verlag, and especially to
the Engineering Editors Dr. Z. Ruder, and A. Von Hagen, and to Zvi Weller, Yaacov Polak, Ami Green and
Hannah Lipschitz of Keter Press, Jerusalem.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Volume II

Since the proof of jetonautics advantages over traditional aeronautics [1-18, 24-43], has been completed
in 1987, first for safe, simple, cost-effective flying in AOOF-IMPOSSIBLE, post-stall domains by resorting
to new, 3D-THRUST-VECTORED (JES), STEALTH, UNMANNED, WING-TYPE, CANARDLESS, TAILLESS
PROTOTYPES, [12 at 140-153], different JES-Y-P-R (3D) jet-engine nozzles were first tested installed on
FULL-SIZE JET ENGINES TEST RIG, Fig. 12, [41], then size-reduced to fit into newer, flight testing programs
16

based on onboard computer-recording of flight data and ground recording of flyer commands to highly-
instrumented and calibrated, [12 at 145-154], 1/7th-scale, JES-F-15 AND JES-F-16, funded, in part, by

The United States Air Force, FLIGHT DYNAMICS LABORATORY, WPAFB, OH, [24-43]
General Dynamics, [40-43]
Lockheed Martin, [40-43]
Pratt and Whitney, [41]
General Electric, [42]
The United States Federal Aviation Authority, FAA, [7, 46-48]

For making this enormous historical task possible, all of us, are deeply indebted to MIKE
TURGEMANN, EREZ FRIEDMANN, MASHIACH ELIYAHOU, ELIEZER DEKEL
and
31-project-students, for constructing, instrumenting, calibrating, full-scale-jet-engine-testing (Fig. 12),
flight testing, and analyzing onboard and ground recording computers,
and later,
for joining new, adapting comers, DRS. VALERY SHERBAUM, MICHAEL LICHTSINDER and A. RASPUTNIS,
[2-8, 11, 15, 16, 22-43, 46-48; 12 at 140-154].
____________

Keywords: AAS-STEALTH, AOOF, ARROW 3, BRAHMOS, BVR, B-21, B-61-12, CAP, David Sling, F-22, F-35,
GAO, GBU-31, Hypersonic Weapons, JBF, JES-Jetonautics, J-10, IFPC, LCS, LRSO-NCM, MQ-25, PAC DA,
SACOM, SOS, Submarine UCAV Carriers, stealth, S400, S500, Taranis, THAAD, TVFC, UCAV, UCLASS, WVR,
X-44-MANTA, X-51 (image]; Defense funding, ramjet, scramjet (Image), Jet engines, Jet-Engine-Steering
(JES), Defense-Debates, Civilizing Military-JES, Safest-future-JES-Airliners; post-stall-WVR-air-combat,
Force-Multipliers, JES-Kill-Ratios, Swarming.

______________

Any fool can know. The point is to understand. A. Einstein
You can give a person knowledge, but you can't make them think. Some people want to remain fools, only
because the truth requires change. A. Einstein
In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity. A. Einstein
Only those who attempt the absurd can achieve the impossible. A. Einstein
17

We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them. A. Einstein
Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds. The mediocre mind is
incapable of understanding the man who refuses to bow blindly to conventional prejudices and opinions
courageously and honestly. A. Einstein

Introduction

1. The Seven Key Flight Control Revolutions

THE KINGDOM OF AERONAUTICS: The 1ST Flight-Control-
Revolution took place more than 100 years ago by the
introduction of Aerodynamic Only (Obsolete today) Flight
control -- AOOF, [1-12]. It has since been greatly improved for
such applications as civil transports, fighter aircraft, bombers,
missiles, cruise missiles, drones, UCAVs and helicopters.

The image, however, illustrates why and where fails due to
"Lost Lift", on wings, vertical tails, rudders, fins, horizontal
stabilizers and canards in post-stall situations ("High Angle of
Attack"), [12], a fact which dictates "NO-POST-STALL-FLIGHT-
DOMAINS", as defined by Fig. 2.

Images by nikimedia-PHL/Wikipedia, and from reference 12.
18

AERONUATICS KINGDOM ARRESTS JETONAUTICS DISIDENTS: The 2ND Flight-Control-Revolution was
introduced by jet engines replacing most prop-piston-engine-based-designs, first in air combat, and
gradually in most passengers and cargo airlines. The seeds of next lost life by AOOF-Control educators was,
however, enforced by its teachers'-and-experts' ulterior educational-axioms-stupidity:

jet engines can only provide
(brute) force forward.

Figure 2: The first and second revolutions forced three
limitations on aviation, by erecting 3 authoritative barriers:
(a) No flight possible beyond the Stall AOOF-barrier,
(b) An AOOF-given Max altitude for each design,
(c) For each design an AOOF-given Top speed.

We return to these issues later.

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school. A. EINSTEIN
Blind belief in authority is the greatest enemy of truth. A. EINSTEIN

THE JETONAUTICS REVOLUTION EMERGES: The 3RD Flight-Control-Revolution has been introduced, in
early 1987, against highly insulting and complaining professors-experts-combat-pilots, that post-stall-flight by JET-
ENGINE-STEERING, JES, aka 3D-THRUST VECTORING FLIGHT CONTROL, is nonsense, even post proof-of-concepts
by well-recorded flight tests, [1-12, 13-14, 15, 16, 24-48].
Furthermore, against the laughing professors and companies top experts, the video-proofs were played down
as toys of no professionals like them, [5, 13, 14].
19

1987-2018 International PROOFS of JETONAUTICS advantages OVER AERONAUTICS
(1) reducing (v. AOOF) drag, by eliminating vertical tails, canards, etc., Fig. 8, 17, [5, 35-43],
(2) reducing (v. AOOF) weight for same reasons, [1-14],
(3) reducing (v. AOOF) fuel burn (e.g., down-JES-pitch offsets supersonic trim drag, [50])
(4) reducing (v. AOOF) runways length --JES provides safest short takeoff and landing, Id.,
(5) reducing (v. AOOF) complexity, for the aforementioned reasons, Id.,
(6) reducing (v. AOOF) costs by eliminating AOOF-hydraulics-actuators, tails, canards, Id.,
(7) expanding (v. AOOF) "MAX ALTITUDE", with induced advantages, Figs. 1, 2, [1-12].
(8) expanding (v. AOOF) "TOP SUPERSONIC SPEED", with induced advantages, Id.,
(9) Increasing flight safety when all hydraulics fail -- jet engines use their own, [1-12, 28],
(10) saving lives when AOOF fails, e.g. landing under strong side-winds, [19, 20-26],
(11) preventing crashes in civil and military aviation, [Id.],
(12) Increasing Self Repairing on flight when AOOF CONTROL FAILS to function, [Id., 44-48],
(13) Increasing supermaneuverability, e.g. Figs 3 and 4, [1-12, 13, 14, 27, 35-43, 55],
(14) Improving stealth integration of jet engines with airframes, e.g. Figs 7, 14, 17, [1-12, 54],
(15) Increasing kill ratios in a dozen or so new WVR-air-combat maneuvers, e.g. Figs 3 and 4.

20

POTENTIAL "SWARMS" REVEALED: The 4TH Flight-Control-Revolution has been introduced since 1987-1999
by commercial cold propulsion that allows citizens to purchase imported kits, assemble and fly them in SWARMS,
[50], of prop and jet drones, thus opening the gates to armed jet drones aka UCAV for Unmanned Combat Air
Vehicles, or R&D RPVs for Remote Radio Controlled Pilotless Vehicles, or "optionally manned" fighter aircraft and
bombers that are subject to the less understood similarity rules published by AIAA, [31] -- FUNDAMENTALS and
SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATIONS OF VECTORED AIRCRAFT, AIAA Journal of Aircraft, Jan 1994, together with [2-8,
11, 22, 24-30]. These ideas were next expanded to (1) unclassified early designs to use jetonautics to prevent
car accidents, school buses accidents and wheel-chaired accidents, (2) unclassified: Civilizing Military
Thrust Vectoring Flight Control to Maximize Air Safety, [7, 19, 44-48], (3) Classified work on the use of
swarms in civil and military resistance, EU, 1999-2000; 2018, Philippines.
PURE JES DURING THE 6TH-Generation? The 5TH Flight-Control-Revolution is slowly gaining
recognition to replace mixed JES/AOOF-DESIGNS with ''pure'' 3-DIMENSIONAL (YAW-PITCH-ROLL) JET ENGINE
STEERING, as in the original, 1987-prototypes, [12-16, Id.], for instance by USAF-NASA design of "Pure JES" X-44,
MANTA, that is proceeding highly classified, Fig. 8.
PROXI-SPACE-JES-KILLING: The 6TH Flight-Control-Revolution has been operational since 2018 as multi-
role hypersonic proxi-killing of ballistic missiles by Mach-7-David-Sling, Figs. 33, 34. The final, asymmetric, kill
vehicle is equipped with advanced steering for super-maneuverability during the final kill-stage that involves AI-
proxy-kill-explosion, even if the target has just been missed, and a three-pulse motor that provides additional
acceleration and maneuverability during the final killing phase.
21

CIVIL JETONAUTICS NEXT?: The 7TH Flight-Control-Revolution has gained wide world media, academic
and FAA support, [19, 20, 21, 23, 28, 44-48]. The idea is to civilize military JES to prevent air catastrophes. It was
first funded in 1994-1995 by the U.S. FAA, and has since led to the following flight-tested conclusions, [Id.]:
• OVERCOMING-post-stall-crashes can save many lives and prevent much damage,
• MAX JES-weight reduction/benefits are attainable by removing AOOF-v-tail-hydraulics, actuators,
• Stall-Spin recoveries from stall-spin situations are provided by AOOF-FREE-JES, [19, 40-48].
• JES of TAILLESS-CANARDLESS-biz-transport-designs lead to fuel-reduction-increased-range-benefits.
_______________

2. 23 YEARS NEGLECT OF MAXIMIZED PASSANGERS FLIGHT-SAFETY POTENTIALD

During the next generation, various U.S. Government agencies may at last opt to serve the international public
with the safest feasible biz-type-size-JES-transports powered by relatively high thrust to weight ratio
turbofan jet engines, which first dictate development by biz-type companies, not the big two. Strong
support has, so far, been published by AVIATION WEEK, AEROSPACE AMERICA & invited opening lectures of
international conferences in China, Russia, Germany and Poland, [1-14, 19-21, 24-26, 29-34, 44-48].

3. Confusing goals?

As we all pass today the gates leading to the 6TH-Generation that would be more-than-ever critical for the survival
of the West, students, mentors, engineers, pilots, generals, admirals, designers, decision makers and interested
readers, and, on another scale, Congress members, and government officials involved with the aforementioned,
unprecedented programs, should study, or even master advanced jet-engines, which include hypersonic ramjets
and scramjets, nuclear cruise missiles and jetonautics? [1-11], text book [12] and below.
22

4. Can we anticipate another "Kelly" Johnson?

Clarence Leonard "Kelly" Johnson, M3+ Stealth SR-71/J58-turboramjet

pioneer designer

Do what you feel to be right, for you'll be criticized anyway, Eleanor Roosevelt

Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world.
Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has. Margaret Mead
____________________

We begin with the first 14 CONCLUSIONS to start contemplating about key issues

1. Russian symmetry stealth blunder, TODAY: Under the illuminating lights of some dark corners of
Russian claims for real, stealthy Su-57, their claims crashed in public by recent Indian-treaty-break,
because INDIA discovered that the top "stealth jet of Russia" is not stealthy as claimed. Thus, being
TH
unsatisfied with the low level of Russia's top designs for its 5 -Generation AAS-Stealth-Su-57, INDIA
may next GO IT ALONE, [50-55].
23

2. 6 -Generation Stealth Technology would be more advanced, expensive and complex than that of the
TH
5TH. Russia and China today are only on the initial path to reach 5th-gen-level of real stealth. Uninformed
"reporters", almost all, attach the word "stealth" wrongly to air vehicles that are only AAS-STEALTH. TWO
SOS WOULD EMERGE inside each camp: HIGHLY EXPENSIVE, STEALTHY AIR-COMBAT-
CAPS v. LOW-COST, un-stealthy LARGE FLEETS or SWARMS, produced, and being trained to operate as a
single taking-off, flying and landing follow-the-leader units, as China has already done, by means of a
relatively simple and inexpensive technology that should urgently be practiced by western club sports.

3. AAS-STEALTH: Armies of SELF-APPOINTED WESTERN "reporters" add the word "stealth" to Russian and
Chinese un-stealthy jets today, when their misleading report should state the fact, that these ARE, 5TH-
GEN-AAS-STEALTH JETS, [1-18, 50-55].

4. DEFEAT of the WEST BY WVR AIR COMBAT? FUTURE, Anti-WEST, stealth-symmetry, air-sea-combat-
potential, would be on par with the U.S. during the 2020-2040, 6th-generation, as concluded in the main
text, and in Australia, [50]. If and when reached, it would REPLACE current U.S. BVR-win-win, with WVR –
manned and unmanned. Neglecting TODAY, U.S.-WVR-ABILITY, AS ARMIES OF MEDIOCRE MINDS have
LOUDLY VOICED DURING THE 5TH-GEN, may not only lead to a WESTERN-catastrophe in WVR, but to a total
defeat, for under symmetry the two sides must get closer and closer to each other, until WVR is
established. JES-opponents misleadingly call WVR 'dog-fight', [5, 13, 14], but if forced on the WEST, ONLY-
THE-JES-MASTERING-SIDE-WINS, [1-18], SOMETHING MEDIOCRE MINDS CANNOT CONTEMPLATE, BUT MAY
CAUSE DEFEAT, [50-55].

5. JETONAUTICS: U.S., Russia and China, by November 6, 2018, have elevated jetonautics to a global arms
race, which today involve: U.S. (JES-F-22), v. RUSSIA, (JES-Su-57), v. CHINA JES-10B, and possibly JAPAN.
EU, under its 27-years-anti-JES-war-against-all-odds, [5, 13, 14, 55], is neither a member, nor is predicted
to be able-one during the next air-sea combat generation, if it exists as EU during the next 20 years. Other
24

countries are, JAPAN and INDIA, have already joined the Jetonautics club, and the UK, with its UCAV-
TARANIS, may too go JES, [Id.].

6. WOULD RUSSIAN UCAV-FLEETS ATTACK THE WEST? by armed, Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles?
Today It is problematic for Russia, for it has not developed, so far, ones, unlike China. But it may be

relatively fast to deploy armed-JES-UCAVS THAT CAN BE REFUELD ON TOP OF SURFING SUBS, old or
advanced, or on future small-UCAV-SEA-CARRIERS, by converting old ships to UCAV CARRIERS, since the
global trend is ''optionally manned''.

7. COUNTER-AIR-PENETRATION, CAP, OF WESTERN FORCES INTO RUSSIA AND/OR CHINA,
SAY, BY B-21-FLEET WITH ARMED UCAVs, LIKE TARANIS, or X-47B DERIVATIVES, or old vehicles converted
to UCAVs, as defined by Chapter II:
(A) Converting old ships to function as JES-UCAV-CARRIERS to enhance UCAV-fleets during long-range
or other missions,
(B) Converting old submarines to function as JES-UCAV-AUTO-REFUELING ON ITS TOP BY SURFING to
enhance UCAV-fleets during long-range or other missions,

8. Follow-the-leader-as-one-unit-swarm of unmanned, JES-upgraded, 4TH and 5TH-Generation JES-old-
fighter-aircraft, e.g. JES-A-4, JES-F-4, JES-A-10, integrated with larger swarms of JES-UCAVs, or lower-costs
JES-jet-drones, Figs. 22-25, may play a key role during CAP offensive and defensive missions, or other
missions, or festive activities

9. 8 to 20 years should be allowed by 6 -Generation defense committees to design, develop,

TH
certify and deploy new generations of advanced jet engines – a force-major-fact that rules all future
programs, [1-12], including hypersonic turbo-ramjets and scramjets, that are, by fact, jet engines, vis-à-vis
much shorter times to deliver airframes and avionics -- a conclusion that should not include low-cost, CAP
FLEETS, or SWARMING options, Figs. 22-25.
25

10. The Jet-Engines-Industry should provide Nominated Prime Defense Contractors. REASONS:
Hypersonic ramjets and scramjets are jet engines. Prime contractors for subsonic, supersonic and
hypersonic based programs should be professionally nominated from the jet-engines-industry, as
traditionally done, and too often causing run-away costs, delays and performance compromises. [Cf.
Editorials on FUTURE JET TECHNOLOGIES v. UCLASS, F-35, X-51 programs, [1, 5, 13, 14, 49, 50].

11. MAXIMIZED PASSANGERS FLIGHT-SAFETY should be available during the 6TH-Generation to the
international public by certified safest feasible biz-type-size-JES-transports powered by relatively high
thrust to weight ratio turbofan jet engines, Figs. 9. Strong support has, so far, been published by AVIATION
WEEK, AEROSPACE AMERICA and invited opening lectures in international conferences in China, Russia,
Germany and Poland, [1-14, 19-21, 24-26, 29-34, 44-48], and may be advanced by festive activities.

12. Jet-engine-R&D-researchers-and-designers should get adult educations on jetonautics v.
aerodynamics, JES-flight control/WVR AIR COMBAT, Ramjets, Scramjets, air combat, SOS, swarming
technology and UCAVs, while airframe and other experts, should study, or even master, jet-engine designs,
dynamics, materials, durability, tests, sub, super and hype combustion, [1-12].

13. 27-years hot debates with EU, ISRAEL (LAVI), and other opponents, are moot. REASONS: The
fundamentals and practice of (I) The physics of A/C-rotation during JES, (II) canarded air combat vehicles v.
jetonautics in air combat, (III) civil transport jetonautics, [44-48], (iii) U.S. JES-F-22 and Russia's JES-SU-
FAMILY and the November 06, 2018, JES-addition by JES-J-10B, [5, 13, 14, 22, 23, 27, 28, 32, 50-55].

14. THE INTERNATIONAL CANARDS BLUNDER: EVENTUALLY, AS CLAIMED FOR DECADES, [7, 13, 14, 55(6)],
CANARDS HAVE BEEN DISCARDED BY USA, RUSSIA AND CHINA, Fig. 8. POST 3 DECADES, AMERICANS,
RUSSIANS AND CHINESE DESIGNERS HAVE FINALLY CONCLUDED THAT NASA-BOEING, canarded-X-36, is
26

wrong and misleading, the cost of that mistake, as predicted decades ago, [5, 13, 14], has already surpassed
$-billions , Cf. the Lavi cancelation, (Cf., e.g. BIO and [50-55]).
_____________

Figure 3: The first ever COBRA was performed in early 1987, [15, 16], with JES-stealth, tail-less/canard-
less, 3D-VECTORING flying prototypes, FIG. 4, [12 at 10, 140-154], as NON-GOVERNMENT, UN-SPONSORED SERIES OF
STATE-PROTECTED TRADE SECRETS IPA78402, June-1986-invited by BOEING for the USG, on August-25, 1986, contracted-
delivered-exporting IPA78402 tailless-canardless, AOOF-FREE, STEALTH-JES-DESIGN-TRADE-SECRETS to be adopted for
the UNITED STATES 1986-ATF/YF-22 as its central-stealth-propulsion-system, and same for the final, 1990-STEALTH-JES-YF-
22 -- later the STEALTH-JES F-22-RAPTOR -- [1-11, 12 (at 45, 140-146), 15, 16, 50-55]. Cf. 1987-UNCLASSIFIED short
VIDEO at, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n87EO4pZ_E].Showing next only unclassified, caption-only of
IPA78402 timely-unlimited-protected-confidential trade secrets RE:

(1) 1968-1987 WIND-TUNNELING-TESTED-JES-stealth, tailless-canardless air-combat models,
(2) 1982-1987, same enlarged and tested by full-scale-jet-engine Marbore-II, Fig. 12.
(3) August 25, 1986, post-June-1986-U.S.-invitated, signed contract for exporting said IPA78402 tailless-
canardless, AOOF-FREE, STEALTH-JES-DESIGN-TRADE-SECRETS to be adopted to the UNITED STATES
1986-ATF/YF-22 as its central-stealth-propulsion-system and same for the final, 1990-STEALTH-JES-
ATF/YF-22 -- later the STEALTH-JES-F-22-RAPTOR -- [27].

27

Figure 4: 3D-JES FOR 6TH-Generation-Winners: 3-DIMENSIONAL THRUST VECTORING FLIGHT
CONTROL (JES) for single-engine UCAV or fighter JES-jet. The first flight-tested prototype, GAL-3, [12 at
146] was 3D-JES-tailless-canardless, AOOF-FREE, SINGLE-ENGINE prototype, [12 at 140-151], each with 2 yaw-
pitch-roll-rectangular nozzles indicated, [1968-1986-IPA-78402-trade-secrets-designs]. DELTA-Y (YAW-
DEFLECTING-JETS) was radio-controlled by internal yaw-vanes, [41]. ROLL TVC was radio controlled by one
nozzle up, the other down. PITCH TVFC was done by both nozzles up or down, Fig. 5. These allowed HELICOPTER
TYPE, maneuvers, as illustrated, and 11 new, unprecedented, air-combat SACOM, some projected today to
support CAP missions, both in offensive and defensive WVR situations, or for multiple-firing at terrorists positions
during a single over-flight, [12].

28

Figure 5: 3D-JES FOR 6TH-Generation
WINNERS-II. DELTA-Y (YAW-DEFLECTING-JETS,
Fig. 4) was radio-controlled by internal yaw-
vanes, [41]. ROLL TVC was radio controlled by
one nozzle up, the other down. PITCH TVFC was
done by both nozzles up or down. UPGRADING
during the 6th-gen, 5th-gen, AOOF-BASED
VEHICLES [55] to function as TOP-WVR-JES-
WINNERS, does not require to change the jet
engines per se, except by low-cost, modifying
extant nozzles, Fig. 6.

JES-Nozzle-performance is affected by altitude and
speed, Fig. 2, jet-engine-dynamics and Pressure Ratio,
NPR, [12 at 64, 77]. Rectangular nozzles like those
used originally, Fig. 4, were full-size-hot jet-engine
tested first, Fig. 12, up to about 30 degrees JES-
deflections angles, where adverse effects, like those
induced by a separation bubble, had been evaluated,
[41]. Various classified maps of JES performance were
generated for JES-modified IFPC and flight tests, [1-
12, 34-43]. The results were used by USAF for JES-F-15 lab and flight tests, [35-39], Lockheed, for JES-F-16, [40, 41],
PWA, JES-YF-22/2D-JES-F-22, [41], GE rounded JES-nozzles [43], FAA Civil-JES-nozzles on BOEING JES-727-1/7i-
scale prototype, [19, 44-48].

29

Figure 6: 3D-JES FOR 5th/6th-Gens. Upgrading,
like China has just done, a 4th-gen J-10, [55], to
function as TOP-WVR-JES-WINNER, does not
require to change the jet engine per se, except by
modifying extant nozzles to function at least as
2D-CD.
IN SUM: 6th-Gen jet-engines-designers should
master at least the integrated SOS-IFPC, (Cf.,
"PREFACE TO VOLUME I", Figs. 11, 13, 14, and
[50-55]).
Same applies to engine-experts who do not
master flight dynamics, stealth, BVR, WVR and
self-repairing/hydraulics incorporated into
projected SOS-IFPC, [1-12].
Textbooks on jet engines often make
fundamental mistakes in presenting JES-
vectoring as in rockets, which are based on fixed
geometry nozzles, while JES-VECTORING, Figs. 5,
11, 13, 14, simultaneously opens, closes and
vector the nozzles in 1, 2 or 3D coordinates, almost with minor modification to the structure of the main jet
engine, except what is first indicated below.

IFPC – MODIFIED INTEGRATED FLIGHT PROPULSION CONTROL FOR VECTORING – incorporates
SOS-AI-Simulations, like:

(a) how engine's thrust varies with altitude, speed, inlet-air-temperature,

(b) number, type and duration of cycles, say under dust environments, especially under:

(c) inlet-compressor-combustor-turbine-A/B- cycles, dynamics,
30

(d) Pilot throttle changing commands v. maneuvers, missile firing,

(e) engine serial models, SACOM, mission and self-repairing by modern AI-IFPC-PROGRAMS.

Supplemental Glossary for Military Jet Engines

FADEC: Full Authority Digital Engine Control, [12].
PST Inlets are of two major types: "stealthy", as in Figs. 7 and 14, or "regular", [12 at 243-245].
BY-PASS RATIO is designed low for fighter aircraft engines and high for cargo and passengers transports, but may be
flight-variable in 6TH-Generation by new VARIABLE CYCLE ENGINES (VCE) proffered today to lower fuel
consumption/increase range, [12 at 197, 21, 51-53].
High v. Low Pressure Compressors. These are independently powered by two independently rotating turbines, (4,
4.5), hence are independently rotating, [12 at 211].
A/B stands for After Burner that boosts thrust at the cost of high fuel consumption, but is used in top-line fighter A/C
during takeoff, combat, emergency, extra-speeding, self-repairing.
2D-CD represents 2 Dimensional, Converging Diverging supersonic military jet engines nozzles, e.g., F-22.
SOS-IFPC is operated by both pilot stick and throttle via SOS-HELMET-SIGHTING-FIRING-AI-SYSTEMS, [12].
FLYER replaces pilot in UCAV flying ahead of (a) a central-mission-combat-command, like B-21-SOS-IFPC (Fig. 17), (b) CAP-
fighter A/C SOS-IFPC, (c) LCS, Fig. 18, missile boats, carriers, mobile ground stations.
IFPC-FLUIDICS BLEEDS AIR FROM HPC to be properly injected into the nozzle, Fig. 5, (no-moving parts)
JES RATES should be in line with, if mixed with AOOF-SURFACES ROTATION RATES, [1-11, 12 at 42].

Figure 7: STEALTH-JET-ENGINE-Air-Inlets-LIPS/EXHAUST-FLAPS-
ENDS, should, besides proper-radar-radiation-frequency-absorbing-
materials-coatings-inner structures, [54], sidewise orient-deflect incoming
radar waves, as shown only externally, if that is the sole initial path to stealth,
we define it AAS-STEALTH. STEALTH JET-ENGINE INLETS MAY HELP HIDING
THE JET-ENGINE FAN-COMPRESSOR FRONT FROM RADAR WAVES by a AAS-
STEALTH-FRONT-BUMP, as shown. IT can be removed for non-stealth missions
and training, [1-12].

31

Figure 8: POST 1990 WIN of JES-YF-22
OVER NON-JES YF-23, USAF and U.S.
defense industries designed a "PURE"
(manned or unmanned) JES-STEALTH,
TAILLESS, CANARDLESS, AOOFLESS
FIGHTER AIRCRAFT.
While [officially] is not yet
constructed/flight tested, it has
influenced recent designs, like the X-47-
B, X-45C. It is listed X-44 MANTA
(MULTI-AXIS, NO TAIL, AOOF-FREE Aircraft, as
invited and contract-imported for the central
system of the stealth-JES-YF-22, [1-12, 15, 16].
Invited and contracted on August 25, 1986,
less the canards, this X-36 configuration has
mislead armies of EU, RUSSIAN AND CHINESE
DESIGNERS, [5, 13,14], to believe that NASA and
BOEING have discovered evidence to prefer
canards on future fighter aircraft and UCAVs. But references 35-39 have helped declaring this JES-X-36 a blunder.
ABOUT TWO DECADES LATER, the RUSSIANS AND CHINESE DESIGNERS HAVE, AT LAST, REALIZED that this NASA-
BOEING-design is a MISTAKE. Su-57, J-20, and X-45A-to-UCAVs, Boeing have corrected that mistakes.
32

Boeing X-32 AS A STEALTH FIGHTER DESIGN that was also rejected by USAF/PENTAGON

Figure 9: MAXIMIZED PASSANGERS FLIGHT-SAFETY, IN TURN, AS PROVED WITH JES-BOEING-727 FUNDED BY

FAA, WAS REJECTED BY BOEING, BUT IS BEING FURTHE INVESTIGATED, E.G. [XX]. OF WAS ALSOshould be
available to the public during the 6TH-Generation as the safest feasible biz-type-size-JES-transports
powered by relatively high thrust to weight ratio turbofan jet engines.
Strong support to civilize military JES,LIKE JES-B-727, to serve the public, has also been published by
AVIATION WEEK, AEROSPACE AMERICA and invited opening lectures in international conferences in China,
Russia, Germany and Poland, [1-14, 19-21, 24-27, 29-34, 44-48].
33

Such SAFEST-JES-TRANSPORTS should be funded by governmental agencies, enforced by act of
CONGRESS (legislating civilizing military JES to provide maximized public flight safety).

This challenge (revolution?) should cross borders by presenting available FAA-funded sub-scaled
flight tests results of BOEING-JES-727 to interested BIZ-JETS-COMPANIES in CANADA and BRAZIL.

REASONS: Unequivocally JES-TRANSPORTS can save passengers and troops lives and prevent much damage in
crashes during takeoffs and landing under strong side winds, heavy-ice-on-wings, tail-or-landing-gear-failures, loss of all
hydraulics and un-recoverable pilot mistakes. Despite unequivocal, first proof-of-concepts flight tests of BOEING-JES-727-
MODEL and partly funded in ISRAEL, by FAA in 1994-1995, BOEING REFUSES TO CIVILIZE MILITARY JES. WHY? There are
more than the following adverse-ulterior driving forces:
1. Committees reject funding for safest, high-T/W-RATIO-CARGO/TROOPS-TRANSPORTS – a mistake.

2. Jet-engines industries are not interested to fund SMALL/HIGH-T/W-TRANSPORTS – a mistake.
3. Large airframe industries reject selling SMALL/HIGH-T/W-TRANSPORTS – a mistake.
4. AOOF- Biz-jets-industry is not encouraged to save lives and prevent much damage – a mistake.

34

Figure 10: Post the proof-of-concept, [5, 15, 16], the United-States
Air Force invited to visit it at WPAFB, DAYTON, OH, in the summer of
1987 to verify and study the video evidence of that claim, [12 at 140,
147, 149]. Absolutely convinced, it THEN FUNDED FLIGHT TESTS of JES-
F-15 [24-43] with our simplest JES design [12 at 24, 80, 81, 83, 85, 146]
also used later by HERBST's Rockwell-international, DARPA-NASA-MBB
U.S.-X-31*, which has confirmed our 1987 predictions of high kill-ratio
advantage of JES-fighter A/C over
AOOF-based ones in WVR-air-
combat, as greater then 60.
Similar JES-systems were used by
Lockheed-JES-F-16-VISTA and
NASA-JES-F-15-ACTIVE.
_______________
* MEMORIAL TO THE GREAT PIONEER DR. WOLFGANG HERBST:

TIIT Jet Laboratory secretary gives me the phone: "Dr. HERBST from Germany is on the line". Post congratulating him for
proving with his-JES-X-31, 64 to 1 KILL-RATIO advantage over-AOOF-fighter A/C during WVR-simulated air-combat, while
being reminded how he in Germany and me in Israel had been attacked and laughed at for claiming that we can fly and get
benefits by supermaneuverability, by breaking the stall barrier in WVR air combat, by preventing catastrophes in landing
under strong side winds, and by endless JES benefits. So what is the connection with China's J-10B?
HERBST disclosed that the UNITED STATES AIR FORCE is interested to review a supportive or joined PROPOSAL OF HIM
AND ME to develop alternative, low-cost, single-engine, STEALTH-JES A/C for export and domestic needs.
I had been forced then to decline: A PERSONAL ORDER by Defense, later PRIME MINISTER OF ISRAEL, YITSHACK RABIN,
dictates SHARE nothing of IPA78402 protected trade secrets WITH ANYONE OUTSIDE THE USG, thus exports kill the
proposal. (Said order can only be changed by Rabin's own personal approval, a frozen dictate post him being murdered.).
Contended today: The remaining "low-cost", single-engine, stealth, JES-less, F-35, has since been left, unchallenged, at
$400 bn total program cost for TWO additional reasons:

REASON-I: DAYS PASSED, YEARS GONE and shocked I am to read that DR. HERBST CRASHED DURING PILOTING HIS WW-
II REPLICA FIGHTER AIRCRAFT.
35

DAYS PASSED, YEARS GONE and shocked I am again: Post being sited next to a German in a tourist bus, at a SPAIN-EXPO,
and mutual introductions, he told me that he was the Airport-Tower-Controller that had refused WOLFGANG HERBST
REQUEST TO LET HIM TAKEOFF WITHOUT FURTHER WAITING, WHEN HERBST had DISOBEYED, TOOKOFF AND WING-WAVED
ON HIM IN THE TOWER IN RAGE THAT CAUSED HIM TO CRASH.
REASON-II: Reflections back on HERBST-PROPOSAL: INTEGRATING JES-STEALTH-IPA78402 WITH his X-31 DESIGN, VIS-À-
VIS THE STEALTH-LESS LOW-COST J-10 today and the $400 billion F-35 program cost, [1, 49].

_______________
Figure 11: JES design is accomplished without changing the jet

engine PER SE, only by modifying its IFPC (Fig. 6), the exhaust
nozzle, adding actuators and swivel rings-systems, stronger-
engine-to-airframe-linked, stronger back-structures and new
control links of engine IFPC to both pilot stick and throttle.
JES-VECTORING-ENGINE-NOZZLES TYPES
(1) Mechanical JES-Engine-Nozzle-Types: Rectangular, as on 1968-1986 STEALTH-JES-MODELS, [12 at 24,
85, 112, 127, 131, 132, 146, 147] and flight-tested since 1987, Fig. 4, [15, 16], and as on the August 25, 1986
central JES-STEALTH design of the ATF/YF-22, later F-22-Raptor, Figs. 4, 5, or rounded (axi-symmetric) and
composed of flaps, Fig. 13, both types being operated by both pilot's stick and throttle, while, under U.S.-
designs, the rounded-types are actuated by two rings-actuators-IFPC-systems, Fig. 6:
A. Pilot-throttle-commands that opens and close the 2D-CD-nozzle, Figs. 5, 6, under pilot-throttle-
commands, or SOS-IFPC,
B. independently of A, by pilot-stick-operating-ring-actuators-JES-IFPC-SOS that rapidly deflect the jets in
3D, or, instead, rotates the entire nozzle, as advanced by Russian-JES-designers, who also allow axi-
canted jet-engine-installations to further make JES simpler, e.g., Su-30-MKI-JES-nozzles, which are mounted
32 degrees outward to longitudinal engine axis (in the horizontal plane).

36

(2) Non-Mechanical JES-fluidics functioning as A and B by properly injecting HPC-AIR INTO THE EXHAUST
NOZZLE. It is not only a less-complex vis-a-vis the mechanical methods, it is based on fewer or no moving
parts. HOWEVER, it is limited in max-deflecting vectoring angles and is applicable to relatively small JES-
UCAVS, [1-11].
(3) Lowest-cost, simplest JES is used by installing 3 or 4 deflecting vans post the engine's exhaust nozzle, Fig. 10,
X-31, F-16-VISTA, F-18 HARV, [1-11].
(4) INSERTING ROUNDED-TO-RECTANGULAR-DUCT to allow IMPROVED STEALTH DESIGNS, e.g. YF-22(F-22), [1-
12].
(5) UNDER JES design Rules, jet deflecting RATES SHOULD BE AT LEAST as fast as AOOF-SURFACES ROTATING
RATES.
(6) JES MUST BE DESIGNED as INTEGRATED, NOT ADDED, part of WITH THE WHOLE UNIT systems-of-systems-
jetonautics, [12 AT 10].
37

Figure 12: Low-cost test facility, $25 million with jet engines, [12 at 140, 142, 144, 146].
Founded by author with IAF [providing jet engines that powered IAF F-4 and F-16], Bet Shemesh Engines
[providing 3 J69 Jet engines, Fig. 23], IDF TANKS DIVISION [various gas turbines], American Technion Society,
American Banker Shirley Tark. Total value in 2000: $25 million.
NOTE: A limited resources country establishing mass production of low-cost jet engines, Figs. 22-25, may use similar, low
cost altitude test facility to modify and certify small JES-jet-engine systems for JES-UCAVs with JES-stealth inlets and JES-
exhausts, Fig. 14, [Id.].
Section (1) usually harbors stealth-type jet-engine air inlet as integral part of JES-stealth system tested.
The air inlet can be fed with hot or cold high-speed air from 7-ton compressed air passing through a large heat exchanger
(marked 8).
38

Otherwise this section is kept open for low-cost sea-level studies, (2) low-cost MARBORE-II jet engine (Fig. 23) is installed
on highly-instrumented-balancing-stand that measures JES-induced 3D forces, vibrations, temperatures, pressure and
engine performance, all monitored by control room No. 5, (marked 9); split stealth YAW-PITCH-ROLL-JES-rectangular-
exhausts, Fig. 14.
Sea level operation is allowed by gas turbine and big fan evacuating the unit and, (5) Ejector fed by gas turbine (6) or by 7
tons compressed air at 160 atm; (7) Fuel system controlled by operator in Control room No. 5, (9), as part of additional,
integrated, four other test facilities, each with its control room.
All these facilities were funded by SHIRLEY TARK under contract that forbids any one from taking any of these elements
or instruments outside this laboratory.**
____________
** Dr. SEM WILLIAMS, pioneer, owner and president of WI -- THE LEADING U.S. COMPANY of SMALL TURBO-FAN ENGINES, had once
inquired, at the U.S. Pentagon, about the funding of the 5 facilities used in my laboratory for developing and testing new JES-Systems.
MY Response: Our 5 test facilities were funded by SHIRLEY TARK, a banker from Chicago, MORIS PERLMUTTER, DON DANIELS and IRV
SHEPARD, AMERICAN TECHNION SOCIETY, MIS. were formally inaugurated in 1982 at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, in
Haifa, as the SHIRELEY TURK JET-ENGINES-LABORATORY, described by Reference [12]. There is also a short, unclassified, you-tube video
on these facilities at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTJyvNOFNEmLvuLQb0tsXLA;
Figure 13: JES exhaust nozzles may be rounded (axisymmetric) or

rectangular (thus, upon proper design-integration, improve A/C-
stealth-levels from front, back, sides, below and above angles. Cf.
stealth-JES-F-22-Design. Rounded designs deflect JES-jets in 3D by (1)
ring operated by pilot stick. (2) extant 2ND-ring operated by pilot
throttle. UNDER JES-IFPC the jet-engine-nozzle, Fig. 6, is wide open at
idle, gradually closing for increased thrust, and opened again if after-
burner is used. The flaps outer ends in this EU-2-BELATED-JES-NOZZLE,
[1-11], are still wrong for stealth-JES-missions, which EU had neglected
for two decades, by canard-based-design. EU NOZZLE FLAPS, EVEN
WITHOUT STEALTH-JETONAUTICS, should INCORPORATE stealth FLAP-
LIPS as needed by inlet lips, (Fig. 7). Designing, testing and certification of 6TH-Generation STEALTH-jetonautics systems
should fall under the sole responsibility of jet-engines and nacelle industries, for it also require thermal, noise, visual,
materials, painting "low-observables", "lo", or "lt'', for low detectability, Fig. 7, [1-11, 12 at 10, 54].
39

Figure 14: Glossary for Military STEALTH-JES (STEALTH 3D-THRUST VECTORING)

(1) Serpentine-type stealth air inlet that hides jet-engine-front from enemy-front-radars,
(2) Rectangular JES-nozzles blended with stealth airframe surfaces at A/C back and front,
(3) JES-IFPC, Figs. 6, 7,
(4) air inlet lips that sidewise deflect incoming detecting radar waves, Fig. 7,
(5) Radar-absorbing-structures of inlet-internal-surfaces,
(6) Multiple layers of radar-absorbing inner painted-surfaces.
(7) JES DEFLECTION RATES MAXIMIZED, FAILURE IN F-35 DESIGN (FIG. 4), POOR AGILITY.
(8) STEALTH INTEGRATED RECTANGULAR NOZZLES, as in YF-22/F-22 and JES-F-15 [35-39].
(9) IFPC for CANTED-JET-ENGINES by Russian JES-ADAPTATION-fighter-A/C.

40

Figure 15: (left), Proffered Class Case Study on F-35-fighter-aircraft-design, e.g., its counter-rotating engine
sections-mechanisms selected by mediocre minds from an old, discarded, failed, Russian design. As time
progresses, it is predicted to cost many victimized lives, before being consumed by the flames of history, [8]. But
today it is what the nominated committees experts have enforced, in big numbers and bigger costs, to emerge as a
most classic class-case failure to study, with names attached, not hidden.
THE NAVY SELECTED ''DESIGN" has not only sentenced other F-35-designs obsolete before being deployed, it is
the worst. It reduces F-35-WVR-air-combat to a clear, absolute defeat, even by a low-cost, super-agile- JES-J-10,
[55], or by SOS-SM-300-400-500, Fig. 35, to absolute defeat by Russian and Chinese JES-fighter-aircraft, caused by
those who dream about secured U.S.-BVR during the next 20 years, designers who should all cease to hold office,
and be named, not hidden, Fig. 15, [8].

Figure 16: (right), Stealth-JES-CRUISE-MISSILE DESIGN, [12 at 83]. Unclassified decades ago but good for class
education tomorrow.
_______________
41

Four Questions for Beginners

I often open my lectures on these issues with 4 questions: Do you agree that ......? If you agree, you join the US-
RUSSIA (and now CHINA) JES-Flight-Control-Revolution, [1-55]; if not, you may review verified evidence that helps
staying updated as we all pass the gates to the past generation:

(1) I can prevent passenger jets from crashing during landing under strong side winds, or during takeoffs with
heavy ice deposited on the wings, or landing when under-wheels are partially-damaged, or when all airframe
hydraulics is lost (jet-engines harbor their own hydraulic systems to function), while the vertical AOOF-tail
fails to function due to stall, Fig. 1, at this most critical low speed, (Figs. 1, 2), thus the pilots CANNOT turn
the aircraft nose back to the runway, UNLESS, somehow, I generate -- BY OPERATING JET ENGINES -- fast
ROTATING-FORCE-MOMENTS, NOT AOOF-TURNING, that rotate the aircraft around its C.G. to re-orient its
nose back to the runway and save lives and prevent damages that AOOF-CANNOT?

(2) WOOF-Control experts and pilots often fail to comprehend such physics of rotations provided by Jet Engine
Steering, JES, especially when, for illustration, I propose to locate a combat pilot at or close to the A/C-C.G.,
and claim that he encounters only head rotation, not a 'black-out' caused by AOOF-Control during WVR-
high-G-LOADS, [22-48].

(3) Should JES, putting aside for the debate, other, well-proven, JES ADVANTAGES OVER AOOF-VEHICLES, replace,
at least in part, AOOF-dominated-TURNING-to-TARGET during WVR AIR COMBAT, [12, 18, 55] ?

(4) Can such JES-ADVANTAGES over AOOF-VEHICLES, lead to WVR-combat-wins [looming future under projected
end of current stealth-BVR-ASYMMETRY for fighter A/C (NOT-FOR-SOS-B-21-CAP-FLEETS], due to Russian
and Chinese growing stealth-symmetry capabilities that induce, (INTRODUCTION), high-kill-ratios in WVR to
the side mastering JES-IN-WVR, e.g., Figs. 3 and 4, [1-12, 18, 55]
42

Stealth-Asymmetry Today induces BVR, Stealth Symmetry Tomorrow Induces WVR

(a) Defeat of the West is contended if JES is not triply-funded today because armies of mediocre minds keep
claiming that WVR is dead due to U.S. MAINTAINING STEALTH ASYMMETRY FOR EVER, and thus the enemy is
destroyed by super-stealthy A/C before a real conflict unfolds.

(b) Others do not compare long-time-path-of-missiles-to-target in AOOF-control v. shorter time-path of same
missiles to same-targets, under same conditioned, with JES, [18].

(c) AOOF pilots are often fast to downplay or reject any JES-BENEFITS. Some claim that rapid JES-ROTATIONS
would cause "pilot black-out", other that flying and combating in post-stall domains is impossible, or is good
only for air shows by Russia, U.S. and now China.

(d) Such negative attitudes were sounded mainly by EU and by ISRAELI COMPANIES [1-11, 54, 55], but in Israel
had caused the Lavi Program cancellation, and thousands being fired.

(e) Similar self-inflicted damages have caused EU-fighter-A/C-MARKETS to fail for decades.

(f) STUDIES of PILOT BIOPHYSICS, [39], should thus include JETONAUTICS, partly to prevent conceptual-design-
mistakes and associated cost-damages that adversely affect traditional doctrines and strategies that still
dominate most nations and the less-informed.

UK UCAV TARANIS

Somewhat comparable to the well-flight-tested, ADVANCED, LARGE, U.S. UCAV-STEALTH-X-47B, the newer, 8t,
>M-1, well-flight-tested, advanced, UK-STEALTH-UCAV, TARANIS, is one of the world’s largest stealth UCAVs. It
43

is delta-shaped, supported by tricycle-type landing gear and propelled by RR Adour turbofan, (Fig. 25),
https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/tanaris/*
___________
* UK UCAV TARANIS is currently powered by Rolls-Royce Adour 951 jet engine, which provides 6,480lb thrust. The RR ADURE
jet engines may be further enhanced to about 10,000 lbf by advanced materials in the hot section for improved thrust and durability, a
new fan design to provide higher thrust and hydrodynamic control, replaced by Full authority digital engine control (FADEC, and IFPC,
Fig. 6).
UK BAE Systems is PRIME CONTRACOR, and is responsible for stealth and low detectability (lt), systems integration and system
control infrastructure.
GE Aviation Systems is responsible for providing the fuel gauging systems and electrical power.
Integrated Systems Technologies (Insyte), a subsidiary of BAE Systems, is providing C4ISTAR computers, command, control,
communications, intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance support.
Claverham Ltd (formerly Fairey Hydraulics Ltd) provides Primary Flight Control Actuation System.
Dunlop Aerospace Braking Systems is providing the wheels, brakes and brake control systems for the air vehicle. Insyte is responsible
for delivery of mission planning/control, payload control, imagery analysis and exploitation, integration and clearance of the ground
control provided by BAE Systems IAS in Australia.
Kestrel UAV's blended-wing design was developed by BAE Systems with Cranfield University.
Current £185m budget is managed by BAE Systems. The platform developers include QinetiQ and GE Aviation Systems (formerly
Smiths Aerospace).
Under a 2014 Anglo-French contract, parts from TARANIS may be combined with (renegotiable today?) French nEURO-untested
stealth-UCAV and (negotiable today?) programs of the remaining EU.
The UK is also building 2 aircraft carriers.
On July 16, 2018 the UK announced an optionally manned fighter aircraft, Tempest, that around 2035 may be fielded, inter alia, to
control fleets of UCAVs or SWARMS of mini-drones, using SWARMING TECHNOLOGY for both defense and CAP offensive missions that
include drone-swarming-attacks against terrorists around the world.

GLOBAL ASYMMETRY BY THE UNITED STATES 6TH-GEN-B-21-FLEET

In November 2016, the United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board announced the need to enhance and
further develop Counter Air Penetration (CAP) programs to be fielded early during the 6TH-Generation. Goals,
44

strategy and means that have been incorporated from previous programs or have been generated since, include,
but are not limited to "optionally manned", stealthy, long-range, supersonic B-21, Fig.-17.

Figure 17: The U.S. $85 Billion, "optionally manned", SOS-fleet of stealth B-
21 is to be deployed in the early stages of the 6TH-Generation. It is herein
contended to be globally-unmatched, CAP-Asymmetry with SOS-means
described below.
According to U.S. Government Accounting Office (GAO), [49], about 140 to 200 B-21s to 200
B-21 are needed.
The B-21s can fly behind fleets of armed, optionally
manned, stealth-A/C and larger fleets of armed CAP-UCAVsJES-UCAVs, like the
TARANIS defined above, or other types of CAP-SWARMS.
CAP-A/C, equipped with updated detection and weapons capabilities, and flying behind or post local actions of
SUITABLE CAP-SWARMS.
This unmanned fleet harbours additional key option: IT CAN FUNCTION AS A ONE-WAY SUPER-CLUSTER OF
FLYING BOMBS AIMED AT A KEY TARGETS, OR SPLIT.
The U.S. Air Force is soon to acquire a new long-range fighter known as "Penetrating Counter-Air" that would
accompany the B-21 fleet deep into enemy territory, [49-53]. The B-21-fleet includes LONG-RANGE STANDOFF,
LRSO, NUCLEAR CRUISE MISSILES, NCM, ASSM-ER, conventional or
hypersonic cruise missiles, B-61 gravity-free-fall-from-B-21-Nuclear-bombs,
GBU-31, Satellite-guided-bombs, and, optionally, FLYERS of UCAVs, who fly with one
or more of the B-21s.

Congress-&-President-Trump approved FY 2019 $716 billion
defense budget vis-à-vis FY 2017-budget and 1998-2016 FY budgets

According to ttps://dod.defense.gov/News/News-Releases/News-Release-
View/Article/652687/department-of-defense-dod-releases-fiscal-year-2017-
presidents-budget-proposal:
"The FY 2017 budget reflects recent strategic threats and changes that have taken
45

place in Asia, the Middle East and Europe.
Russian aggression, terrorism by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and others, and China's island
building and claims of sovereignty in international waters all necessitate changes in our strategic outlook and
in our operational commitments.
Threats and actions originating in Iran and North Korea negatively affect our interests and our allies."
"The FY 2017 budget request will allow us to develop new unmanned systems, design a new long-range
bomber and a new long-range stand-off cruise missile, and modernize our nuclear arsenal."
"Requests $145.8 million in FY 2017 for support to Israel. This reflects our unshakeable commitment to Israel
and its security and funds Iron Dome, David’s Sling, Arrow, and other cooperative defense programs." "The
Unmanned Carrier-Launched Air Surveillance and Strike (UCLASS) program has been restructured and renamed
the Carrier Based Aerial Refueling System", (Fig. 28).
“Even as we fight today’s fights, we must also be prepared for the fights that might come in 10, 20, or 30
years.”

RECAP

1. I contend that equal stealth levels of adversaries would emerge during the 6TH-Generation. This prediction is
based on growing evidence reviewed by editorials [1 to 11] and [54].
2. If and when this prediction materializes, it is to end the current U.S. stealth-asymmetry that allows BVR-win,
and would force both-sides to get closer and closer to each other for a first, if at all, verifiable detection-
identification, prior to launching SOS-weapons into what might be empty sky and associated failures,
therefore:
3 Air-Sea-WVR-combat, under any situation, is asserted associated with SOS-JETONAUTICS based on JES-
Supermaneuverabilty, Figs. 1 to 16, [12, 55]. And neglected today may touch the stakes of survival.
4. Current JES-symmetry may next evolve into reversed asymmetry.
5. UCLASS cancellation may also cancel surfing submarines that provide temporary-runways to short-take-off
and landing for refuelling JES-UCAVs.
6. Reduced size, low-cost-carriers for JES-UCAVs are needed.
46

Conclusions

1. Russian symmetry stealth blunder, TODAY: Under the illuminating lights of some dark corners of Russian
claims for real, stealthy Su-57, their claims crashed in public by recent Indian-treaty-break, because INDIA
discovered that the top "stealth jet of Russia" is not stealthy as claimed. Thus, being unsatisfied with the low
level of Russia's top designs for its 5TH-Generation AAS-Stealth-Su-57, INDIA may next GO IT ALONE, [51-55].

2. 6TH-Generation Stealth Technology would be more advanced, expensive and complex than that of the 5TH.
Russia and China today are only on the initial path to reach 5th-gen-level of real stealth. Uninformed
"reporters", almost all, attach the word "stealth" wrongly to air vehicles that are only AAS-STEALTH. TWO
SOS WOULD EMERGE inside each camp: HIGHLY EXPENSIVE, STEALTHY AIR-COMBAT-CAPS v. LOW-COST, un-
stealthy LARGE FLEETS or SWARMS, produced, and being trained to operate as a single taking-off, flying and
landing follow-the-leader units, as China has already done, by means of a relatively simple and inexpensive
technology that should urgently be practiced by western club sports, see below.

3. AAS-STEALTH: Armies of SELF-APPOINTED WESTERN "reporters" add the word "stealth" to Russian and
Chinese un-stealthy jets today, when their misleading report should state the fact, that these ARE, 5TH-GEN-
AAS-STEALTH JETS, [1-18, 51-55].

4. DEFEAT of the WEST BY WVR AIR COMBAT? FUTURE, Anti-WEST, stealth-symmetry, air-sea-combat-potential,
would be on par with the U.S. during the 2020-2040, 6th-generation, as concluded in the main text. If and
when reached, it would REPLACE current U.S. BVR-win-win, with WVR – manned and unmanned. Neglecting
TODAY, U.S.-WVR-ABILITY, AS ARMIES OF MEDIOCRE MINDS have LOUDLY VOICED DURING THE 5TH-GEN,
may not only lead to a WESTERN-catastrophe in WVR, but to a total defeat, for under symmetry the two
sides must get closer and closer to each other, until WVR is established. JES-opponents misleadingly call
47

WVR 'dog-fight', [5, 13, 14], but if forced on the WEST, ONLY-THE-JES-MASTERING-SIDE-WINS, [1-18, 55],
SOMETHING MEDIOCRE MINDS CANNOT CONTEMPLATE, BUT MAY CAUSE DEFEAT, [55].

5. JETONAUTICS: U.S., Russia and China, by November 6, 2018, have elevated jetonautics to a global arms race,
which today involve: U.S. (JES-F-22), v. RUSSIA, (JES-Su-57), v. CHINA JES-10B, and possibly JAPAN. EU, under
its 27-years-anti-JES-war-against-all-odds, [5, 13, 14, 55], is neither a member, nor is predicted to be able-
one during the next air-sea combat generation, if it exists as EU during the next 20 years. Other countries
are, JAPAN and INDIA, have already joined the Jetonautics club, and the UK, with its UCAV-TARANIS, may
too go JES, [Id.], and it may be advanced by festive activities.
.

6. WOULD RUSSIAN UCAV-FLEETS ATTACK THE WEST? by armed, Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles? Today It is
problematic for Russia, for it has not developed, so far, ones, unlike China. But it may be relatively fast to
deploy armed-JES-UCAVS THAT CAN BE REFUELD ON TOP OF SURFING SUBS, old or advanced, or on future
small-UCAV-SEA-CARRIERS, by converting old ships to UCAV CARRIERS, since the global trend is ''optionally
manned''.

7. COUNTER-AIR-PENETRATION, CAP, OF WESTERN FORCES INTO RUSSIA AND/OR CHINA, SAY, BY B-21-FLEET
WITH ARMED UCAVs, LIKE TARANIS, or X-47B DERIVATIVES, or old vehicles converted to UCAVs, as defined
by Chapter II:
(A) Converting old ships to function as JES-UCAV-CARRIERS to enhance UCAV-fleets during long-range
or other missions,
(B) Converting old submarines to function as JES-UCAV-AUTO-REFUELING ON ITS TOP BY SURFING to
enhance UCAV-fleets during long-range or other missions,

8. Follow-the-leader-as-one-unit-swarm of unmanned, JES-upgraded, 4TH and 5TH-Generation JES-old-fighter-
aircraft, e.g. JES-A-4, JES-F-4, JES-A-10, integrated with larger swarms of JES-UCAVs, or lower-costs JES-jet-
drones, Figs. 22-25, may play a key role during CAP offensive and defensive missions, or other missions.

48

9. 8 to 20 years should be allowed by 6TH-Generation defense committees to design, develop, certify and
deploy new generations of advanced jet engines – a force-major-fact that rules all future programs, [1-
12], including hypersonic turbo-ramjets and scramjets, that are, by fact, jet engines, vis-à-vis much shorter
times to deliver airframes and avionics -- a conclusion that should not include low-cost, CAP FLEETS, or
SWARMING options, Figs. 22-25.

10. The Jet-Engines-Industry should provide Nominated Prime Defense Contractors. REASONS: Hypersonic
ramjets and scramjets are jet engines. Prime contractors for subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic based
programs should be professionally nominated from the jet-engines-industry, as traditionally done, and too
often causing run-away costs, delays and performance compromises. [Cf. Editorials on FUTURE JET
TECHNOLOGIES v. UCLASS, F-35, X-51 programs, [1, 5, 13, 14, 49].

11. MAXIMIZED PASSANGERS FLIGHT-SAFETY should be available during the 6TH-Generation to the international
public by certified safest feasible biz-type-size-JES-transports powered by relatively high thrust to weight
ratio turbofan jet engines, Figs. 9. Strong support has, so far, been published by AVIATION WEEK,
AEROSPACE AMERICA and invited opening lectures in international conferences in China, Russia, Germany
and Poland, [1-14, 19-21, 24-26, 29-34, 44-48], and may be advanced by festive activities.

12. Jet-engine-R&D-researchers-and-designers should get adult educations on jetonautics v. aerodynamics, JES-
flight control/WVR AIR COMBAT, Ramjets, Scramjets, air combat, SOS, swarming technology and UCAVs,
while airframe and other experts, should study, or even master, jet-engine designs, dynamics, materials,
durability, tests, sub, super and hype combustion, [1-12].

13. 27-years hot debates with EU, ISRAEL (LAVI), and other opponents, are moot. REASONS: The fundamentals
and practice of (I) The physics of A/C-rotation during JES, (II) canarded air combat vehicles v. jetonautics in
air combat, (III) civil transport jetonautics, [44-48], (iii) U.S. JES-F-22 and Russia's JES-SU-FAMILY and the
November 06, 2018, JES-addition by JES-J-10B, [5, 13, 14, 22, 23, 27, 28, 32, 55].

49

14. Supplemental on "CANARDS BLUNDER": EVENTUALLY, AS CLAIMED FOR DECADES, [7, 13, 14, 55(6)],
CANARDS HAVE BEEN DISCARDED BY USA, RUSSIA AND CHINA, Fig. 8. POST 3 DECADES, AMERICANS,
RUSSIANS AND CHINESE DESIGNERS HAVE FINALLY CONCLUDED THAT NASA-BOEING, canarded-X-36, is
wrong and misleading, the cost of that mistake, as predicted decades ago, [5, 13, 14], has already surpassed
$-billions , Cf. the Lavi cancelation, [BIO & 55].

REFERENCES and NOTES

1. Editorial, Jet-Engine-Steered (JES), lack of updated textbooks to design 6th-generation air and sea combat
vehicles, Int'l J. Turbo & Jet Engines, 32(3), Jan 2015. DOI: 10.1515/tjj-2015-1001.
2. Editorial, FUTURE JET TECHNOLOGIES: JET ENGINES AS PRIME FLIGHT EFFECTORS. THE FIRST KEY DESIGN RULES.
Int'l J. Turbo & Jet Engines, Jul 1999, Dec 2000, Jan 2001 and Jan 2003.
3. Editorial, FUTURE JET TECHNOLOGIES: Air, Land and Marine applications of Jet Engine Steering aka as 3D thrust
vectoring flight control or 2D-Water-TVC of super-agile boats or super-agile Littoral Combat Ships, [LCS]. Int'l J.
Turbo & Jet Engines, Apr. 2011.
4. Editorial, FUTURE JET TECHNOLOGIES: JES for advanced Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles, [JES-UCAV.]. Int'l J.
Turbo & Jet Engines, Mar 2010.
5. Editorial, Old-New European debate on thrust vectoring and adverse effects of canards, Int'l J. Turbo & Jet
Engines, Jan 1997. Cf. [13, 14].
6. Editorial, RE-EDUCATING THE JET-ENGINE RESEARCHERS TO STAY RELEVANT, Int'l J. Turbo & Jet Engines, 33(2),
July 2016; DOI: 10.1515/tjj-2016-5001.
7. Editorial, Jet Engine Steering (JES) – The new master of advanced flight control; Civilizing military JES technology
maximizes flight safety and allows pilot recovery when AOOF fails to prevent a crash; Int'l J. Turbo & Jet Engines,
35(2):95-99, DOI: 10.1515/tjj-2018-9010. May 2018.
50

8. Editorial, FUTURE JET TECHNOLOGIES: Joint Design Team induces F-35 run-away costs, delays and performance
compromises. Int'l J. Turbo & Jet Engines, Sep 2011. Cf. GAO, [49], vis-à-vis some similar problems with cancelled
UCLASS PROGRAMS and down playing 6th-gen-WVR as they sit on their sofa.
9. Editorial, JET ENGINE STEERING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS, Int'l J. Turbo & Jet Engines, 31(4):277-285, Dec 2014;
DOI: 10.1515/tjj-2014-1001.
10. Editorial, FUTURE JET TECHNOLOGIES: JES-revolution in Air-Sea Propulsion Science and R&D; Int'l J. Turbo & Jet
Engines, Jan 2014. DOI: 10.1515/tjj-2014-1000.
11. Editorial, FUTURE JET TECHNOLOGIES: Fleets of low-cost, stealth, jet-steered drones designed to fly ahead of
fighter aircraft and bombers into congested regions. Int'l J. Turbo & Jet Engines, Jan 2013.
12. Gal-Or, B., DICTIONARY-TEXTBOOK, 237 references, 190 drawings, paper-back, 237 pages. “Vectored
Propulsion, Supermaneuverability and Robot Aircraft”; Forward by USAF Chief Scientist: "LANDMARK
BOOK"; (Millions cited by Google, AMAZON, etc.), Springer Verlag, N.Y. and Heidelberg, 1989-present, ISBN 0387-
97161-0, 3-540-87161-0, TL685.3.G23 1989, 629.I34'353-de20, 89-21797.
13. Gal-Or, B., Review of debates re jet engine steering aka thrust vectoring and adverse effects of canards; Journal
of Thermal Science, China, Mar 1998.
14. Gal-Or, B., "An Old-New European Debate on Thrust Vectoring and adverse effects of canards", Polskiej Nauki,
PRACE Instytutu Lotnictwa, Poland, 152, pp. 3-8, 1998.
15. Aviation Week & Space Technology: “Israelis Flight Test Jet-Powered RPV Fitted With Thrust Vectoring Nozzles
[JET-ENGINE-STEERED-(JES), May 18, p. 21, 1987
16. Aviation Week & Space Technology: more on first 3-D-Vectored-stealth-RPV-prototype performing post-stall
Maneuvers, (Figs. 3, 4), May 30, 1987; FLIGHT INT’L, May 30, 1987; JANE'S ALL THE WORLD'S AIRCRAFT, 1987.
17. Gal-Or, B., "Upgraded, Completely Vectored F-22", USAF-AFOSR-EOARD, CONTRACT F61708-92-W, UNITED
STATES AIR FORCE, Report: Feb. 28, 1993.
18. Gal-Or, B. with Lijun Qian and E. Kreindler, Minimum-time maneuvers of thrust-vectored aircraft; Journal of
Guidance Control and Dynamics, Mar 1998.
19. Gal-Or, Benjamin, Valery Sherbaum and Lichtsinder Michael, U.S.-PATENT No. 5,782,431, on "Civilizing Military
Thrust Vectoring Flight Control", [saving many lives and preventing much damage by simple, add-on, TV
devices], It includes review on first proof-of-concept flight test funded by U.S. FAA during 1994-1995, April, 1998.
20. Aviation Week & Space Technology: THRUST VECTOR CONTROL EYED FOR TRANSPORT, Aug. 28, 1995.
51

21. AEROSPACE AMERICA, "Civilizing Military Technology for safest civil Flight Control", 1995.
22. Gal-Or, B., Scientific Mistakes of INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS' DENYING JES-Post-Stall-Flight-&-Safety-Benefits,
1986-1990: --- (1) First by book 12 draft contents presentation to top designers of Israel's NATIONAL LAVI
PROJECT who responded with great compliments like: "nonsense", "you cannot fly post stall", ''read the
textbooks", "you bring shame on the Technion for such lunatic ideas", ''you should be fired for that nonsense"---
(2) same by TURBOMECA-Shidlovski denials in France and in Israel; 3) same by RR, less the aforementioned
'complements': Post unclassified lecture on book 12 and editorials in pre-organized OFFICIAL meeting with two
top RR REPRESENTATIVES, Coventry, UK.
23. Research-Gate-Net, "DESIGN PROJECTS AT SIX UNIVERSITIES": Citing Int'l J. Turbo & Jet Engines,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327038941_Reasons_for_Triple-Funding_of_the_Jet-Engine-
Industry_to_Meet_2020-2040_6th-Gen-Challenge_Counter-Air_Penetration_CAP.
24. Gal-Or, B., The Fundamental Concepts of Vectored Propulsion, AIAA J. Propulsion and Power, 6, 747-757,
1990.
25. Gal-Or, B., Maximizing Post-Stall, Thrust-Vectoring Agility and Control Power, AIAA J. Aircraft, 29,
647-651, 1992.
26. Gal-Or, B., Thrust Vectoring: Theory, Laboratory, and Flight Tests, AIAA J. Propulsion & Power, 9, 51 -
58, 1993.
27. Gal-Or, B. with A. Rasputnis, Valery Sherbaum and Michael Lichtsinder, 1991-1999, various reports, patent, [19],
and publications on JES-full-scale-tests with hot jet engines, [12 at 53, 76, 77, 109-113, 131, 132, 149], JES--engine
inlets [35(3)], calibrations, flight tests, computer simulations.
28. Gal-Or, B., FUNDAMENTALS OF CATASTROPHIC FAILURE PREVENTION BY THRUST VECTORING. AIAA Journal of
Aircraft, May 1995. Cf., A remotely piloted, reduced-scale TVC-Boeing 727 flight tested in May 1995 to
demonstrate the potentials for low-weight, add-on JES-kits for catastrophic failure prevention (1996)"; Id. and Ref.
19-21.
29. Gal-Or, B., Proposed flight testing standards for engine thrust vectoring to maximize kill ratio, post-stall agility
and flight safety, Int'l J. Turbo & Jet Engines, Dec 1995.
30. Gal-Or, B., Thrust-Vectoring of Converging-Diverging Nozzles, AIAA J. of Propulsion and Power, 16, 202-206,
2000.
52

31. Gal-Or, B. FUNDAMENTALS and SIMILARITY TRANSFORMATIONS OF VECTORED AIRCRAFT, AIAA Journal of
Aircraft, Jan 1994.
32. ''Gal-Or has shown that TV control [JES], being nearly independent of airflow around the aircraft, can be used to
expand the flight domain beyond stall barrier, where aerodynamic controls lose much of their effectiveness." High-
Alpha Trim and Stability Analysis of Aircraft Closed-loop Dynamics With Control Saturation, CITING: Fundamentals
and similarity transformations of vectored aircraft. Ref. 31, Id.
33. Gal-Or, B., MATHEMATICAL PHENOMENOLOGY FOR THRUST VECTORING–INDUCED AGILITY COMPARISONS,
Deficiencies vs. compromises regarding basic rules for maximization of jet-deflection rates are formulated. AIAA
Journal of Aircraft, Mar 1993.
34. Gal-Or, B., THRUST VECTORING [JES] – THEORY, LABORATORY, and FLIGHT TESTS, AIAA Journal of Propulsion and
Power, Jan 1993.
35. Gal-Or, B., “Novel, Post-Stall, Thrust-Vectored F-15 RPVs: Laboratory and Flight Tests” Funded since 1987 by
USAF, (1) Canarded v. Canard-less, ROUNDED v. RECTANGULAR JES-EXHAUSTS to COLD-FAN-JET-2 ENGINES, 1/7-
scaled-JES-F-15 flight-testing in abandoned airfield in ISRAEL, Cf. Fig. 10, [12], (2) F-15-AIR-INLET-to-HOT-
OPERATING-JET-ENGINE-MARBORE-II-full-scale-PERFORMANCE, Fig. 12, [12], (3) SUB-SCALED-F-15-INLET-
PERFORMANCE DURING POST-STALL HIGH AOA, 188-page-Report-I, 1987-1992 PROJECT, PART I OF 8 REPORTS
IDENTIFIED BELOW.
36. Gal-Or, B., “Tailless Vectored Fighters: Theory, Laboratory and Flight Tests”, USAF, 196-page-Report-II, July 15,
1991.
37. Gal-Or, B., “Vectorable Inlets/Nozzles and Tailless Flying Models vs. Pilot’s Tolerances Affecting Maximum Post-
Stall Vectoring Agility”; USAF, 238-page-Report-III.
38. Gal-Or, B., “Tailless Vectored Fighters: Theory, Laboratory and Flight Tests”, USAF, WPAFB, Ohio, USA, AFOSR FY
1456-8905052, 196-page-Report-IV, July 15, 1991.
39. Gal-Or, B., “Dynamic Scaling, Pilot v. G-Loads under post-stall Maneuvers with vectored fighters”, Funded series
of projects in Israel by USAF; E.g., (i) San Antonio, BAFB, 1990, submitted to USAF Colonel J. Tedor team, Report-V;
(ii) “Dynamic Scaling of Prototypes Using Radius of Gyration Method: Theory, Laboratory and Flight Tests”,
REPORT #I to USAF Capt. J. Wigle (Sep. 30, 1991), Report-IV; (iii) REPORT #II to USAF Dr. D. W. Repperger,
AL/WPAFB (Sep. 30, 1991), Report-VII; (iv) Report to USAF Col. J. Tedor, Deputy Director, Human Systems Division,
53

BAFB, TX; USAF Special Project, SPC-91-4003, AF/AFOSR/EOARD, 141-page-Report-VIII -- ALL ORIGINALLY
CLASSIFIED.
40. Gal-Or, B., Classified Reports to Lockheed-Martin/General Dynamics, Ft Worth, TX, via Spence E. Peters, Tel. 817-
935-1588, Main: 817-777-2000, E-Mail: Spence.e.pters@LMCO.com and Dorsett, both have maintained mutual
visits during the longest cooperation programs in which all imported to the U.S. SACOM/JES/STVS technologies
were inter alia provided to Lockheed Martin/GD up to about 1997.
41. Gal-Or, B., Classified Reports to PWA, Manager, Component Technology, R. E. (Bob) Davis, 1987-1994.
42. Gal-Or, B., Classified Reports to General Electric, Aircraft Engines to Don Dunbar, Ed Rogala and GE VP Krebs.
1987-1988.
43. Gal-Or, B., Agility Benefits of Integrated Aerodynamic & Thrust Vectoring Control, GD/Lockheed-Martin RFP Ref.
TECH-RRJ-JK-0001, TIIT-TRDF 160-779, 1993-1995, Progress Report No. 2, Feb. 10, 1995.
44. Gal-Or, B., Catastrophic Failure Prevention by Thrust Vectoring, invited Lecture and Proposal to NASA Dryden,
June 1995.
45. Gal-Or, B., Civilizing Military Thrust Vectoring Flight Control to Maximize Air Safety, Keynote Lecture; 3rd Int’l
Conf. ISIAF, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, Sept. 2, 1996;
https://www.janes.com/article/76804/image-suggests-china-may-be-testing-thrust-vectoring-engine-on-j-10-
fighter#; https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a24680684/all-the-new-tech-from-chinas-big-
airshow/]
46. Gal-Or, B., Civilizing Military Thrust Vectoring Flight Control to Maximize Air Safety, Opening Keynote Lecture;
2nd Int’l Seminar on Aeronautics & Education, Warsaw, Poland, Nov. 25, 1996.
47. Gal-Or, B., Civilizing Military Thrust Vectoring Flight Control to Maximize Civil Transport safety, Keynote Lecture,
Proceedings, 4th Conf., Int’l ISIAF conf., Dresden, Germany, 1999.
48. Gal-Or, B., Civilizing Military Thrust Vectoring Flight Control to Maximize Civil Transport Safety, 5th Int´l Symp.
Aero Sci., Moscow Russia, Plenary Lecture, Proceeding, TsAGI, 1999.
49. U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING OFFICE, GAO, UNCLASSIFIED REPORTS From No. 15-374; 16-389R, to
updated GAO REPORTS. Cf. Editorial [8], https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/the-northrop-grumman-b-
21-stealth-bomber-simply-unstoppable-19931?page=0%2C1 and UCLASS, F-35, Fig. 15.
50. http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/17698/chinas-is-hard-at-work-developing-swarms-of-small-drones-on-
multiple-levels; http://www.ausairpower.net/DT-SuperBug-vs-Flanker.html http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-
54

NOTAM-040309-1.html http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-2010-01.html http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-
NOTAM-230209-1.html http://www.ausairpower.net/DT-SuperBug-vs-Flanker.html
http://www.pravdareport.com/russia/economics/15-07-2008/105795-unmanned-0/
51. According to April 23, 2018 by Franz Stefa Gady at https://thediplomat.com/2018/04/india-pulls-out-of-joint-
stealth-fighter-project-with-russia/
"India has reportedly withdrawn from a 11-year joint program to develop a 5th generation fighter jet
with Russia. The Indian Air Force (IAF) has reportedly withdrawn from one of the most ambitious and
controversial joint Indo-Russian defense programs to date: the co-development and production of the
Sukhoi/HAL Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft (FGFA), also known in India as the Perspective Multi-role Fighter
(PMF)."
"Senior Indian officials, including National Security Adviser Ajit Doval and Defense Secretary Sanjay Mitra,
purportedly informed a Russian ministerial delegation this month that Indian government was pulling out of the
11-year collaborative program to develop a stealth fighter jet, official sources told IHS Jane’s Defense
Weekly on April 20 (2018)." "Neither the Indian nor Russian governments have so far publicly confirmed New
Delhi’s decision to shelve one of the most high-profile joint Indo-Russian defense projects." "One of the IAFs
principal concerns included Russia’s failure to develop a next-generation engine for the FGFA to date. Current
prototypes of the aircraft are fitted with a derivative of the Russian-made Saturn AL-41F1S engine, dubbed AL-
41F1. A new engine — the Saturn izdeliye 30 — purportedly capable of mounting 3D thrust vectoring nozzles,
(JES), is not expected to be ready for serial production until at least 2020." "After evaluating the first PAK FA T-
50 [Su-57] prototype (the Russian prototype of the PMF), the [IAF] wanted more than 40 changes addressing,
among other things, perceived weaknesses in the plane’s engine, stealth, and weapon-carrying capabilities."
"The first two Su-57s are expected to enter service in 2019."; https://www.janes.com/article/79457/india-
withdraws-from-fgfa-project-leaving-russia-to-go-it-alone.; http://www.pravdareport.com/russia/economics/15-
07-2008/105795-unmanned-0/.
52. Lapin, Yaakov (2018-02-19). "Israeli Arrow 3 interceptor test previews upcoming trials in Alaska". Jane's
Information Group; drones.html;
53. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/meet-russias-s-500-can-it-kill-f-22-or-f-35-37072;
https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/news/features/2016/webt-laser-swarms-
55

https://www.defenceprocurementinternational.com/features/air/;
shttp://insidedefense.com/201403112464029/Inside-Defense-General/Public-Articles/air-force-sets-plan-to-
launch-sixth-gen-fighter-program-in-2018/menu-id-926.html;http://aviationweek.com/blog/6th-gen-engines-
pratt-rolls-out-ge stays/ https://thediplomat.com/2017/07/securing-us-bases-in-the-pacific-a-new-era-of-
instability/ http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/penetrating-counter-air-what-comes-after-the-f-22-
raptor-f-18081/ http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/penetrating-counter-air-what-comes-after-the-f-22-
raptor-f-18081?page=2; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWV6e5qdlWc http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-
zone/21324/image-of-chinas-stealthy-dark-sword-fighter-like-combat-drone-emerges;
<ahref="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_MQ-25_Stingray.jpg" title="Fair use of copyrighted material
in the context of Boeing MQ-25 Stingray">Fair use</a>, <a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=58417160">Link</a>;
https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/raptor-reborn-super-f-22-fighter-heading-japan-32147.
54. According to https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/how-russia-could-someday-shootdown-f-22-f-35-or-b-2-

stealth-bomber-35512: "While Moscow makes bold claims about the counter-stealth capabilities of their S-400
and S-300V4 air defense systems, (Fig. 35), the fact remains that even if Russian low-frequency search and
acquisitions radars can detect and track tactical fighter-sized stealth aircraft, such as the F-22 or F-35, fire
control radars operating in C, X and Ku bands cannot paint low observable (LO) jets except at very close
ranges."
"Stealth is not—and never has been—invisibility, but it does offer greatly delayed detection so that a fighter
or bomber can engage a target and leave before the enemy has time to react."
"There is a ‘step change’ in an LO aircraft’s signature once the frequency wavelength exceeds a certain
threshold and causes a resonant effect.
Typically, that resonance occurs when a feature on an aircraft—such as a tail-fin or similar— is less than
eight times the size of a particular frequency wavelength."
"Fighter-sized stealth aircraft that do not have the size or weight allowances for two feet or more of radar
absorbent material coatings on every surface are forced to make trades as to which frequency bands they are
optimized for."
56

"Radars operating at a lower frequency band such as parts of the S or L band are able to detect and track
certain stealth aircraft. But ultimately, to counter lower frequency radars, a larger flying-wing stealth aircraft
design like the B-21, (Fig. 17)—which lacks many of the features that cause a resonance effect—is a necessity.
But at the UHF and VHF band wavelengths, designers are not trying to make the aircraft invisible—rather
engineers hope to create a radar cross-section that will blend in with the background noise that is inherent to
low-frequency radars."

55. HISTORY NOTE 1: According to https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/a24742661/china's-j-10-thrust-
vector-control/?source=nl&utm_source=nl_pop&utm_medium=email&date=100118 and
www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/j-10b-tvc-wows-zhuhai-crowds-with-surprise-performa-453352/
"China's J-10(B) fighter is equipped with thrust vectoring controls (JES) that allow the jet to perform
seemingly impossible aerial maneuvers, (verified since November 06, 2018)" "It was built with Israeli
assistance from Israel’s (canard-added/rejected JES) F-16-based Lavi fighter."
"Using this technology, the F-22 Raptor can angle its thrust up to 24 degrees up or down."
"Now China's J-10 joins this elite club of super-maneuverable fighter jets."
HISTORY NOTE 2: China published author's Review of debates re jet engine steering in WVR air combat, by its
Journal of Thermal Science, Mar 1998, [5, 13, 14], then invited Keynote Lecture, to the Chinese Academy of
Sciences that hosted the 3rd Int’l Conf. ISIAF, in Beijing, Sept. 2, 1996, [45], to be followed by same-lectures-
meetings with China's top designers and decision making at CHENGDU, where they show him textbook [12] as
their design guide.
During the next 22 years JES, aka 3D-TVFC, has not openly displayed in China, until November 06, 2018,
when JES-J-10B JOINED CHINA AS MEMBER OF THE 3RD FLIGHT CONTROL JES-REVOLUTION, (INTRODUTION).
https://www.janes.com/article/76804/image-suggests-china-may-be-testing-thrust-vectoring-engine-on-j-10-
fighter#; https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a24680684/all-the-new-tech-from-chinas-big-
airshow/

HISTORY NOTE 3: Following (1) the 1987-FIRST-JES-FLIGHT-publication by AVIATION WEEK, [16, 17], (2) USAF
funding-reports from 1988 to 1991 on sub-scaled JES-F-15, [36-46], (3) 1990 textbook on prior art, [12], (4) JES-
X-31 flight-tests, and (5) USAF-NASA-JES-F-15-ACTIVE flight tests, Russia has joined the JES revolution and a new
57

GLOBAL-JES-RACE was established. Since NOVEMBER-06-2018-FLIGHT-TESTS, CHINA JOINED THE EXCLUSIVE-
U.S.-RUSSIA-CHINA JETONAUTICS-CLUB IN WHICH THE EU IS NOT A MEMBER, [5, 13, 14] BUT INDIA AND JAPAN
may JOIN SOON, [51].
HISTORY NOTE 4: REINVENTING THE WHEEL?
https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/say-goodbye-f-22-f-35-or-b-2-bomber-new-generation-stealth-could-be-
coming-soon-37257, vis-à-vis recorded-verified facts, [15-16].
56. Gal-Or, B., 1968-PRESENT, CLASSIFIED RADIATION PHYSICS WORK in Detection of Space-
Radiation/Stealth/Stellar/Radar-Radiation-Thermodynamics, Theoretical-Philosophical-Physics resulted in a
another text book: "Cosmology, Physics and Philosophy", Springer, (1987-present), a best-selling book that 27
years ago had predicted compacting of galaxies into filament by simultaneous expansions of all intergalactic
voids that have slowly reversed, by radiation-winds, EINSTEIN-HUBBLE-EXPANSION to accelerate AS DISCOVERED
IN 1998 and REFUTING "DARK ENERGY CLAIMS". Reviews collected by Springer close this Chapter: FIRST THE
LONGEST BY AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS:
"The value of this book lies in the challenging combination of ideas which Gal-Or presents, which goes far
beyond what can be sensibly described in a review. [This] work may be too large to digest as a text in these days
of the decline of academic institutions 'as Gal-Or describes them', but that will be the loss of both the faculty and
the students.”
“Gal-Or's remarkable book sees and seizes the world whole. He emphasizes that all scientists (and
technologists) operate under some set of philosophical prejudices, and that failure to acknowledge this is self-
delusion.
Furthermore, he argues that a failure to attend to the philosophical base of physics leads to an empty
scientism.
His work is challenging on many levels, constituting a review 'with derivations' of general relativity 'as
applied to cosmology', thermodynamics, the current state of theoretical particle physics, astrophysics, as well as
a summary history of western philosophy, 'especially the philosophies of time and mind' and critiques of western
society, the intelligentsia and the relationship between academic science and government.
One 'and perhaps the central' theme explored, is that of the interplay between symmetry and asymmetry (in
science and defense).
58

His primary interest is not in the recent progress in the unification of forces in gauge theory, although he finds
support in it for his Einsteinian outlook, but is rather time, time's arrow, and the asymmetry between past and
future.
Around time are accumulated discussions, both mathematical and philosophical, of thermodynamic
reversibility, time reversibility, the nature of causality, and the use of advanced and retarded solutions to wave
equations.
The second major theme is that of gravity and its overwhelming domination of the actual form of the
universe, at all scales.
The combination of these themes is not accidental; they are point and counterpoint to his thesis that the time
asymmetries are connectable to and perhaps even determined by the master asymmetry given by the gravity of
general relativity:
the remorseless cosmological expansion. He argues that only the expansion can provide the unification of
time asymmetries. The expansion provides, among other things, an UNSATURABLE SINK for radiation, which, in
turn, permits the establishment of gradients in temperature and density, which provide the basis for the physical
process that leads to life.
He also criticizes the sloppy and improper use of the concepts of entropy 'and the related notions in
'information theory' and quantum indeterminism, especially as covers for an inadequate understanding of
temporal asymmetries.
Taking an Einsteinian position on the interpretation of quantum mechanics, he looks forward to revitalization of
Einstein's quest for a deterministic interpretation of quantum events."

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, [56]

"A Master Piece. The well-known author bases his philosophy on a very sound knowledge of present-day scientific
theories. " Indian Journal of Physics [56]

"Evokes a person heart ! Has generated a large number of responses from around the world, some declaring that it
has turned them into “Gal-Orians”. Since the thought presented by this book is so rich, translators of our country
should recommend this book with all their intellectual power."
Chinese Academy of Sciences [56]
59

"Tour de force. A magnificent and sustained piece of work! Gal-Or’s net is widely cast – it reaches as far as science
policy and political philosophy." A. Cottrell, V. Chancellor, Cambridge University, [56]

"Appeals to scientists of all disciplines who are prepared to open their minds. Shines a welcome light in some dark
corners of science. New Scientist (Magazine), [56]

"Gal-Or launches a new spirit of inquiry by his excellent and thought provoking writings. I would recommend
awarding a prize and would hope that this would serve to focus attention on a most important subject.”
Gold Award by N.Y. Academy of Sciences, [56]
(a following article by S. Hawking did not make it.)

"This is a great book, and an exciting book; readable, worth reading and enlightening."
Sir Karl Popper, one of the Greatest Philosophers of Science, [56]

"I do not know a better modern expression of science, philosophy and classical humanism than that of Gal-Or’s
book." HaAretz Daily, [56]
"We are all Gal-Orians !" Editor, Foundations of Physics, [56]

"Gal-Or’s “beauty” has always been the object of science, which, he lyrically observes as “a most fundamental
aesthetic frame of mind, a longing for the run-away horizons of truth and symmetry
that we always try to reach.” Order Amidst Chaos, Enlightenment Aesthetics, [56]

Recommended by Encyclopedia Britannica, "Nature, Philosophy of", [56]

"This is one of the most beautiful books that I have read." Outstanding Books List, [56]
60

"The works of scientists like Gal-Or, Bohm, and (Noble Prize-Winner) Prigogine provide important
resources. Prigogine's formalisms do not really tell us how irreversible change emerges from reversible
[mathematics]. (in this Gal-Or is superior)." The Crisis of the Sciences, [56]

"Einstein's time-symmetric tensor was elevated by Gal-Or’s “New Astronomical School of Unified
Thermodynamics” to the status of the source of “Master Asymmetry” controlling not only irreversible
thermodynamics, but all physical and biological phenomena!
Gal-Or calls “GRAVITISM” (his philosophy) that gravitation is the prime cause of structures, irreversibility, time,
geo-chemical and biological evolution -- that the expansion of the universe is the cause of the second law of
thermodynamics -- that microscopic physics, and thermodynamics in particular, cannot be understood without
reference to cosmology.
He ties “irreversibility” to the “expansion of space itself”, i.e. as far as space is expanding, the contribution of all
kinds of radiation in space is weakened “irreversibly” due to the expansion phenomenon itself.
Such loss, or “degradation” of energy in the depth of inter-cluster expanding space, may then be considered as
a universal sink for all the radiation flowing out of the material bodies in the expanding universe.”
Advancement of Physics, [56]

“I have in the meantime studied your (unclassified, theoretical-philosophical) book, with great interest, and made
pages of notes on it.
I feel as if I had been on numerous walks and talks with you on the great questions, and know that would be
great to go on with them!
Who cannot be impressed by your love for the great men of all times and all countries, by your phrase “working
back and forth between theory and fact”, by your belief that philosophy is too important to be left to the
philosophers, by your concern for where thought and language lie in the scheme of things – and by so much more!
I continue to reflect, again and again, on your central thesis that expansion is the origin of all asymmetry in
time.
What an ingenious phrase is your,
“smuggle irreversibility in without declaring the contraband”!
61

I regard your book as seeking to accomplish two tasks – and being two books – at the very least One is the
exposition of your central thesis, with clarity, and careful mustering of every argument pro and con that can lead
to testable consequences.
I don’t see how it is possible to do proper justice to a thesis of such importance by mixing it in with the other
great task.
That is to give students an appreciation of the unity of philosophy and modern physics.
You do both tasks far better than I could hope to. I give you my personal thanks for putting the two books into a
package that I personally have found most thought-provoking.”
Prof. John Wheeler, Inst. of Advanced Studies, Princeton University, [56].
________________
62

12.05.2018 Perfection of Means and Confusion of Goals May FORCE US-China-Russia TREATIES? Ben Gal-Or

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12.05.2018 Perfection of Means and Confusion of Goals May FORCE US-China-Russia TREATIES? Ben Gal-Or

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Confusion Goals Force of , may

Read Einstein Dictums

When Dead Pilots See the End of War

(2) Co-Festive-Activities, with Medals within (6-Countries?) DRONES-UCAV-"OLYMPIC"-CLOSED-EVENTS,

Enough said, and cited, but see next.

1. Follow-the-leader-swarms are also family sports.

2. Psychological drills vs. hot-encounters

CHAPTER I: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation-Aerospace-Updates on

U.S., Russia, China, Israel, UK, India, Japan, EU

CHAPTER V: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation Aerospace-Update on ISRAEL & a class case to study

CHAPTER VI: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation Aerospace-Update on UK & a class case to study

CHAPTER IX: 2020-2040, 6TH-Generation Aerospace-Update on EU & a class case to study

APENDICIES, REFERENCES, INDEX

Jetonautics v. Aeronautics; Swarming v. Stealth

(1) THE UNITED STATES

at KEY TARGETS, or SPLIT during CAP MISSIONS to Russia and/or China.

AAS STEALTH ACCORDING TO INDIA: Voiding SU-57 treaty for

Any fool can know. The point is to understand. A. Einstein

In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity. A. Einstein

(b) An AOOF-given Max altitude for each design,

(c) For each design an AOOF-given Top speed.

1987-2018 International PROOFS of JETONAUTICS advantages OVER AERONAUTICS

Clarence Leonard "Kelly" Johnson, M3+ Stealth SR-71/J58-turboramjet

9. 8 to 20 years should be allowed by 6 -Generation defense committees to design, develop,

IPA78402 timely-unlimited-protected-confidential trade secrets RE:

Figure 9: MAXIMIZED PASSANGERS FLIGHT-SAFETY, IN TURN, AS PROVED WITH JES-BOEING-727 FUNDED BY

1. Committees reject funding for safest, high-T/W-RATIO-CARGO/TROOPS-TRANSPORTS – a mistake.

* MEMORIAL TO THE GREAT PIONEER DR. WOLFGANG HERBST:

Figure 11: JES design is accomplished without changing the jet

(1) Mechanical JES-Engine-Nozzle-Types: Rectangular, as on 1968-1986 STEALTH-JES-MODELS, [12 at 24,

Figure 13: JES exhaust nozzles may be rounded (axisymmetric) or

The UK is also building 2 aircraft carriers.

54. According to https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/how-russia-could-someday-shootdown-f-22-f-35-or-b-2-

"We are all Gal-Orians !" Editor, Foundations of Physics, [56]

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