Design of beams

Estimation and Distribution of Actions

By :
Amir Khomeiny Ruslan
Mohammad Hazizi Jamal
 Lesson objectives
1) To combine all the design principles in order to
develop a complete design procedure for a reinforced
concrete beam that comply with ultimate and
serviceability limit states.
2) To analyse actions on beam for different types of
beam.

Student’s Task
To design two(2) beams; a combination of either
rectangular and flanged beam with different support
conditions i.e., simply supported or continuous
supported beam.
 Contents
• Introduction
• Simply Supported Beam
• Continuous Beam
• Roof Beam
 Introduction
Determine design Design shear
Verify deflection
life reinforcement

Determine
Design of flexural
preliminary size of Verify cracking
reinforcement
beam

Analysis
Estimate actions on Produce detail
structure(Mmax
beam drawing
and Vmax)

Assess durability Determine nominal

requirements and cover for durability,
determine concrete fire and bond
strength requirements
 1 2 3
3200 1200 Design Beam 2/B-C
beff
A
hf = 125 mm
1500
h
B

bw

4000 Est. beam size:

h = l/13 = 4000/13 = 307 mm
bw = 0.4h = 0.4(307) = 123 mm
Use : h = 350 mm ,bw = 150 mm
Design; beff = ??

C Loading: Loads on beam (kN/m)

gk= s/w + b/w + finishes = 10.07 kN/m
-Self wt. = 0.15 x (0.35-0.125) x 25
Slab 1: Case 4 Slab 2: = 0.84 kN/m
ly/lx = 1.25 (2-way) ly/lx = 3.33 (1-way) -b/wall = 0.115 x 2.5 x 22 = 6.33 kN/m
gk = 3.87 kN/m2 gk = 2.92 kN/m2 -finishes (mortar 2 sides)=
qk = 5 kN/m2 qk = 4 kN/m2 = 2(0.025 x 2.5 x 23) = 2.90 kN/m
qk = 0 kN/m
 Actions from.. gk (kN/m) qk (kN/m)
Slab 1 w1 = v.n.lx w1 = v.n.lx
Slab 1
v = 0.47 (T3.15) =0.47(3.87)(3.2) =0.47(5)(3.2)
= 5.82 = 7.52
Slab 2 Slab 2 w2 = v.n.lx w2 = v.n.lx
v = 0.5 =0.5(2.92)(3.2) =0.5(4)(3.2)
Beam = 4.67 = 6.4
Beam w0 = 10.07 w0 = 0.0
4m
total 20.56 13.92
C B w = 1.35qk + 1.5qk = 1.35(20.56) + 1.5(13.92) =48.64 kN/m

48.64 kN/m Design the beam…

A) Bending reinf. (MED = 97.28 kNm )
i) k= ; d=
ii) z=
C B
iii) As=
Vmax = wl/2 iv) Asmin = ; Asmax =
SFD = 48.64(4)/2
=97.28 kN = VED B) Shear reinf. (VED = 97.28 kN )
C) Deflection check
BMD Mmax = wl2/8
= 48.64(4)2/8 D) Cracking check
=97.28 kNm = MED E) Detailings
Effective width, Beff: Sample Calculation
 Continuos Beam: Loading Analysis
• gk (permanent action from beam) nd
beam
• Total gk
• Self weight of beam = γconcrete * b * h
Self weight of brickwall
• = γbrick * bbrick * hwall nd slab

• Self weight of plaster (2 sides) =

• 2 ( γplaster * bplaster * ( hwall + hbeam) Point
• qk ( variable action = 0) load

• Beam wd = 1.35 gk + 1.5 gk = 1.35 gk

(in kN/m)

• Permanent action from slab, ( nd

already calculated, No need to
calculate nd again )
• UDL = β * nd * lx ( for two way
restrained slab, β from table 3.15)
• UDL = ½ * nd * lx (1 way slab)

• Permanent action from secondary

beam (as point load) Fixed End
Moment
Roof Beam Design
 Typical roof truss arrangement

lx

Span between trusses = 0.5 to 1.5 m

 Roof truss plan
Roof beam

lx

Roof truss
 Roof truss – c/section

Main Truss

Column

lx
 Roof truss components

All these contribute to permanent action on truss

Refer note “action on structures” to determine typical permanent action on truss
 From note “action on structures”

1.6 kN/m2
1.45 kN/m2

Permanent action is per meter area

lx C If we time it by lx, we’ll get UDL along ly
If we time it by ly, we’ll ger UDL along lx
If we time it by lxly we’ll get point load at C
ly
 Obj : to get UDL in lx
UDL in kN/m

UDL = Multiply truss action by span (at edges; “span/2”)

Span of trusses – front view

UDL = truss action * span

UDL = truss action * ½ span

span
 Obj: to calculate reaction at support
UDL in kN/m

Column A Column B
C

Calculate reactions at column A, B and C (all supports)

Some designs don’t have support at C
 Rectangular Roof Beam
Roof beam Trusses span

Column
lx

Note:
• in lx span, reaction from trusses = point load at column
• In ly span, reaction = point load between truss span.
Permanent action on roof beam, lx

from truss

beam self weight

support
Permanent action on roof beam, ly

reaction From truss

beam self weight

support
 Design Rectangular Roof Beam
• Design specification as slab
• Calculate design action of roof beam
– Permanent reaction from trusses, kN
– Self weight of rectangular beam, kN/m
• Structure analysis : Calculate the max shear
force and its max bending moment
• Design and verification + detailing