MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY—ILIGAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Andres Bonifacio Avenue, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines

ME 154
HEAT TRANSFER

ENGINEERING REPORT
2-D HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS FOR STEADY
STATE AND TRANSIENT CONDITIONS

BAROY, MayJohn J.
BSME – IV

Submitted to:
Prof. Michael Villame
 I. INTRODUCTION

Heat transfer is the process of transfer of heat from high temperature reservoir to
low temperature reservoir. In terms of the thermodynamic system, heat transfer is
the movement of heat across the boundary of the system due to temperature
difference between the system and the surroundings. The heat transfer can also take
place within the system due to temperature difference at various points inside the
system. The difference in temperature is considered to be ‘potential’ that causes the
flow of heat and the heat itself is called as flux.
There are three major processes of transferring heat, namely conduction, convection
and radiation.
This report only deals with 2-dimensional analysis for conduction and convection.
The analysis for the steady state and transient process shown in this report is done
using Solidworks 2017 and Microsoft Excel 2010. The purpose of using both
programs is to ensure that the data found will be precise.
Given consistent boundary conditions, we are expecting similar results for both
simulations.

II. MODEL INFORMATION

Insulated surface
1𝑚

873.15𝐾

323.15𝐾 0.25𝑚

0.5𝑚

𝑊
𝑞" = 50
𝑚2

0.5𝑚
𝑇∞ = 288.15𝐾
𝑊
ℎ = 35
𝑚2 𝐾
 Material Properties
Material : Aluminum
𝑊
Thermal Conductivity : 230𝑚∙𝐾
𝑘𝑔
Mass Density : 900𝑚3
𝐽
Specific Heat : 2705𝑘𝑔∙𝐾

III. METHODOLOGY

Steady-State Analysis:
 Solidworks 2017:
With the use of Solidworks 2017, we can visualize the flow of heat in the
material with the defined dimensions, properties of the material and boundary
conditions.

 Microsoft Excel 2010:

The Microsoft Excel is used to analyze the 2-Dimensional Heat Transfer
Steady State Analysis. Derived Equations are inserted in a specified cell which
represents the node (in Solidworks) of the material.
Note: We add 1 to the number of cells in Excel to represent the nodes in Solidworks.

For the derivation of the equations:

𝐿
Number of cells = 𝜟𝒙 + 1
Equations for Heat Energy Balance:
∑ 𝑞𝑖𝑛 = ∑ 𝑞𝑜𝑢𝑡
Equation for Conduction:
𝑘𝐴(𝑇2 − 𝑇1)
𝑞′𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 =
𝑙
Equation for Convection:
′
𝑞𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = ℎ𝐴(𝑇2 − 𝑇∞ )
Energy Balance at certain locations:
Location 1:

1 𝑝 𝑝
𝑇𝑚 = (𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1 )
2
Location 2:

1 𝑝 𝑝 1 𝑝
𝑇𝑚 = ( 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1 )
2 2
Location 3:

𝑘(𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 ) + ∆𝑥ℎ𝑇∞

𝑇𝑚 =
𝑇𝑚 (2𝑘 + ℎ∆𝑥)

Location 4:

1 1
𝑘 (2 𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 2 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 ) + ∆𝑥ℎ𝑇∞
𝑇𝑚 =
2𝑘 + ∆𝑥ℎ

Location 5:

𝑘(𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 ) + 2∆𝑥ℎ𝑇∞

𝑇𝑚 =
2𝑘 + 2∆𝑥ℎ
Location 6:

1
𝑘(𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1 ) + ∆𝑥ℎ𝑇∞
𝑇𝑚 = 2
3𝑘 + ∆𝑥ℎ

Location 7:

1 1
𝑘 (2 𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 2 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 ) + ∆𝑥𝑞 "
𝑇𝑚 =
2𝑘
Location 8:

𝑘(𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 ) + ∆𝑥𝑞 "

𝑇𝑚 =
2𝑘

Location 9:

𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1
𝑇𝑚 =
2
 Location 10:

𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1 + 𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛

𝑇𝑚 =
4

Transient Analysis:

 Solidworks 2017:
With the use of Solidworks 2017, we can visualize the flow of heat in the
material with the defined dimensions, properties of the material and boundary
conditions at a certain point in time.

 Microsoft Excel 2010:

In Microsoft Excel there are two methods that can be used to determine
the temperature at certain nodes at a specified time. They are the ‘Explicit Method’
and ‘Implicit Method’.
o Explicit Method
Heat Energy Balance:

𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 𝑝+1 ′ ′
(𝑇𝑚 − 𝑇𝑚 ) = ∑ 𝑞𝑖𝑛 − ∑ 𝑞𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑑𝑡

Heat Energy Balance at certain locations:

Location 1:

𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = (𝑇 𝑝 𝑝
+ 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 ) + 𝑇𝑚𝑝
2𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 𝑚+1,𝑛
Location 2:

𝑘𝑑𝑡 1 𝑝 1 𝑝
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = 𝑝
2
( 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 ) + 𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 2

Location 3:

𝑑𝑡 𝑘 𝑝 ∆𝑥
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = 𝑝
(𝑇∞ − 𝑇𝑚𝑝 )] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝
2
[ ( 𝑇 𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇 𝑚+1,𝑛 − 2 𝑇𝑚 ) + ℎ
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 2

Location 4:

𝑑𝑡 1 𝑝 1 𝑝
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = [𝑘 ( 𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 − 2𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 ) + ℎ∆𝑥(𝑇∞ − 𝑇𝑚𝑝 )] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 2 2

Location 5:

𝑑𝑡 𝑘 𝑝
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = [ (𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 ) + ℎ∆𝑥(𝑇∞ − 𝑇𝑚𝑝 )] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝
2
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2
 Location 6:

𝑑𝑡 1 𝑝 1 𝑝
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = [𝑘 (𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 ) + ℎ∆𝑥(𝑇∞ − 𝑇𝑚𝑝 )] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 2 2

Location 7:

𝑑𝑡 1 𝑝 1 𝑝
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = [𝑘 ( 𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 ) + 𝑞 " ∆𝑥] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 2 2

Location 8:

𝑑𝑡 𝑘 𝑝
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = (𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 ) + 𝑞 " ∆𝑥] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝
2
[
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2

Location 9:

𝑑𝑡 𝑘 𝑝
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = [ (𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 )] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝
2
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2
 Location 10:

𝑑𝑡
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = [𝑘(𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1 − 4𝑇𝑚𝑝 )]+𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝 𝑝 𝑝 𝑝
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2

o Implicit Method
Heat Energy Balance:

𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 𝑝+1 ′ ′
(𝑇𝑚 − 𝑇𝑚 ) = ∑ 𝑞𝑖𝑛 − ∑ 𝑞𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑑𝑡
Heat Energy Balance at certain locations:
Location 1:

𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = 𝑝+1 𝑝+1
2
(𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 ) + 𝑇𝑚𝑝
2𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥
Location 2:

𝑘𝑑𝑡 1 𝑝+1 1 𝑝+1

𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = 𝑝+1
( 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 + 𝑇 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 ) + 𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 2 2 𝑚,𝑛−1

Location 3:
 𝑑𝑡 𝑘 𝑝+1 ∆𝑥
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = 𝑝
(𝑇∞ − 𝑇𝑚𝑝 )] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝+1
2
[ ( 𝑇 𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇 𝑚+1,𝑛 − 2 𝑇𝑚 ) + ℎ
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 2

Location 4:

𝑑𝑡 1 𝑝+1 1 𝑝+1
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = [𝑘 ( 𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 − 2𝑇𝑚 ) + ℎ∆𝑥(𝑇∞ − 𝑇𝑚𝑝 )] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝+1 𝑝
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 2 2

Location 5:

𝑑𝑡 𝑘 𝑝+1
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = [ (𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 ) + ℎ∆𝑥(𝑇∞ − 𝑇𝑚𝑝 )] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝+1
2
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2

Location 6:

𝑑𝑡 1 𝑝+1 1 𝑝+1
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 =
𝑝+1 𝑝 𝑝 𝑝
[𝑘 (𝑇 𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇 𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇 − 2𝑇𝑚 ) + ℎ∆𝑥(𝑇∞ − 𝑇𝑚 )] +𝑇𝑚
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 2 2 𝑚,𝑛−1

Location 7:

𝑑𝑡 1 𝑝+1 1 𝑝+1
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = [𝑘 ( 𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 ) + 𝑞 " ∆𝑥] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝+1
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2 2 2
Location 8:

𝑑𝑡 𝑘 𝑝+1
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = [ (𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 ) + 𝑞 " ∆𝑥] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝+1
2
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2

Location 9:

𝑑𝑡 𝑘 𝑝+1
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = [ (𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1 − 2𝑇𝑚𝑝 )] +𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝+1
2
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2

Location 10:

𝑑𝑡
𝑇𝑚𝑝+1 = [𝑘(𝑇𝑚,𝑛+1 + 𝑇𝑚+1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚−1,𝑛 + 𝑇𝑚,𝑛−1 − 4𝑇𝑚𝑝 )]+𝑇𝑚𝑝
𝑝+1 𝑝+1 𝑝+1 𝑝+1
𝜌𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑥 2
IV. RESULTS
 Steady State Analysis
o Solidworks

o Microsoft Excel
 Transient Analysis
o Solidworks
o Microsoft Excel
 Explicit Method
 Implicit Method
V. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION
As can be seen from the figures above, the Empilicit Method is closer with the values
shown in the Solidworks Simulation. The Exlicit Method slightly lacks the accuracy
and precision required to analyse 2-D Heat Transfer in Transient Conditions. This
may be attributed to the limits of the method. Emplicit Method, on the other hand,
shows that the values are converging to a certain degree more accurate to the values
that the Explicit Method shows, with the Solidworks simulation as the reference.