IES de Educación Técnica y Formación Profesional Cuadernillo teórico-práctico

Profesorado para la Educación Tecnológica Tercer año – Comisión “U”

Idioma extranjero: Inglés aplicado Profesor Ramiro Stangafero

MODAL VERBS = VERBOS ESPECIALES o DEFECTIVOS

Acompañan al verbo principal y son:

CAN - COULD - MAY - MIGHT - SHALL - WILL - WOULD - SHOULD -
MUST - HAVE TO - OUGHT TO - HAD BETTER - USED TO

CAN: expresa habilidad, posibilidad y permiso.

I can play the piano, the violin and the drums.
You can fix the bugs in some computers.
She teach young learners.
He can return to football lessons.
It can’t (cannot) swim
We can cook
They can’t paint
Can you swim? Yes, I can

MAY: expresa prohibición, posibilidad, permiso.

PERMISO: You may go now. May I take this book? No, you may not.
PROHIBITION: People may not pick flowers in this park. Dogs may not be taken into these carriages.
POSIBILIDAD: The news may be true, of course. You may deserve success
ORACIONES DE CONCESION: He may be poor, but he is honest. It may be June, but it is hot.

MIGHT: expresa posibilidad presente o futura; sugiere reserva o duda por parte del hablante; expresa
reproches, pedidos.
Joe might pass his test! Yes, and pigs might fly.
I’m not very hopeful about the plan, but it might be worth trying.
You might listen when I’m talking to you.
Might I see you for a few minutes, please?

SHALL: puede expresar determinación o resolución con la primera persona y también se usa para
ofrecer algo a alguien.
I shall do what I like. I shall go there if I want to.
Shall I open the window?

WILL: expresa deseos, promesas o determinación; futuro o posibilidad

I will make this radio work.

I will send Nick a present.
You will get wet.
It will rain tomorrow.
That man with the umbrella will be the Prime Minister.

MUST/HAVE TO: ambos implican obligación o que es necesario realizar algo, o describe reglamentos
oficiales de escuelas, empleos, etc.
I must finish my homework.
We must be here before 8,30.
We must work harder

MUSN’T: describe una acción que es prohibida.

You mustn’t cross the road when the red light is showing.
You mustn’t smoke in class.

DON’T HAVE TO: describe una actividad o acción la cual no es necesaria.

You don’t have to turn on the central light heating.
You don’t have to press this button. You don’t have to do that.

SHOULD /SHOULDN’T: Ambos sugieren la opinión por parte del hablante sobre una acción que es
buena o mala.
IES de Educación Técnica y Formación Profesional Cuadernillo teórico-práctico
Profesorado para la Educación Tecnológica Tercer año – Comisión “U”
Idioma extranjero: Inglés aplicado Profesor Ramiro Stangafero

Sugerencia: You should talk to your teacher about it.

Opinion: The police should arrest hooligans.

OUGHT TO: Comparte los mismos significados con SHOULD.

You ought to talk to your teacher about it.
He ought to visit a dentist

HAD BETTER (‘d better): Tiene un significado similar a SHOULD y OUGHT TO.
I think you’d better talk to your teacher.
We’d better not forget to turn off the computer
You’d better stay in bed today.

USED TO: Describe un hábito o estado del pasado, no tiene forma presente. Esta expresión hace un
contraste entre un hábito del pasado y un hábito que tenemos ahora.

I used to play tennis, but now I play football.

I used to have long hair when I was younger.
I used to own a car.

Identificar los verbos defectivos (junto con el verbo principal) y determinar su función.

Reducing and recycling of plastic waste in schools

Many people rely on the benefits offered by plastic products. Plastic bags, food packaging and
containers might be common plastics used in schools. Oklahoma State University reports that one school-
aged student who uses disposable lunch products creates 67 pounds of waste during a nine-month
school year. Essentially, one middle school with an average number of students can create more than
30,000 pounds of waste in the lunchroom alone. Many school districts are looking to ways to reduce,
reuse and recycle disposable plastics in lunchrooms and classrooms.
Several methods for plastic reduction exist for schools. Teachers, students and school administrators
should use creativity when developing reduction projects. While recycling bins offer a common
approach to plastic recycling, the student body and staff can expand the reduction practice by reusing
and reducing the amount of plastics in the school system.
One of the simplest methods to reduce plastic usage in the lunchroom must include using washable
containers. For example, a school's administration could include washable lunch boxes on the school
supply list. In addition, schools can encourage parents to use washable drink containers, metal serving
cups (for fruits or puddings, for example) and reusable cutlery. These items have to return home with
each student for washing and reuse another day.
In the past, teachers and students used to collect recyclable objects and take them to school. Today
they have the chance of doing it at home.
Maybe in the future they will send organic information though specific applications that might help them
determine the objects’ composition.
Definitely, teachers ought to do courses and train on these modern trends.

(Adaptado) Extraído de North Dakota Department of Health/Publications en:

https://www.ndhealth.gov/wm/Publications/ReducingAndRecyclingPlasticWasteInSchools.pdf