Enhanced Control Design of Single Phase AC-DC Converter Using

Power Balance Calculator

V. Tipsuwanpom, S. Intajag, C. Tarasantis* S. Tunyasrirut

Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of 1nst”entatiou Engineering, Faculty of
King Mongknt’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Engineering, Pathumwan Institnte of Technology,
Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand. Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
ktvittay@!unitl.ac.th

Absrract- A single phase acdc converter with unity
power factor (UPF‘) have been proposed in this paper.
The hysteresis current control scheme is employed to
track the line current command while the control signal
of the four power switches are derived from the Power
Balance Calculator (PBC) for achieving a fast response,
high power factor during steady state operation with a
constant load. The proposed control scheme and the
circuit configuration can he applied to the three phase
converter to eliminate the harmonic currents from the
nonlinear load.
quite linearly, diode 4. D4 are reverse polarized,
capacitor ( C ) supplies energy to the output state. Once
the switch S,, S, are open and S,. S, are closed
current flows througb capacitor and the output stage.
The current decreases while capacitor is recharged.
The stage-space of the converter witb selecting V,
and iL as the state variable.

Keywords- ac-dc converter: power balance calcuintor;

power factor correction; IEC61000-3-2.

I. INTRODUCTION
Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit has been
developed to replace classical single phase ac-dc
converter that uses, diodes to be rectifier devices,
disadvantage of diode usage is the pulse current drawn
kom source system, hence cawing an increasing of
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and decreasing of
Power Factor (PF). In addition, because International
Standard. i.e. IEC61000-3-2, IEEE 519 enforced to Fig.1 Single phase AC-DC mnvefier circuit configuration.
regulate interference fiom power electronic circuit,
passive filter, active filter, and power factor correction
are developed and designed by researchers to support
such a standard [ 1,2].
The results &om [2] indicated that ac-dc converter
.applied to variable speed drive (VSD) can be supply
voltage source with nearly unity power factor and
regenerate energy to the line to reduce energy loss
during motor brake, causing the enhanced total system
efficiency. During regenerative brake an energy Fig. 2 Conventional control schemes with hysteresis C m a t conuol
dissipate via braking resister. Ac-dc converter can be Control scheme io fig. 2 is conventional control that
characterized to half bridge and full bridge of switching composes with inner loop, variable hysteresis current
device connection [3]. The hi-directional power flow control, and onter loop, PI controller. This control
capability is achieved. design based an average model of converter affected to
slow response and fragility to disturbances.
11. SINGLEPHASEAC-DCCONVERTER
This paper presented enhancement of control part of 111. MODELNGAND CONTROL OF THE PROPOSED
power circuit that comprised with four IGBT and diode SYSTEM
in antiparallel as show in Fig.1. The description of the Fig. 3 shows the block diagram of the proposed
operation of the ac-dc converter in Fig. 1, it is assumed system with feed forward compensated, that is the
that all the components are ideal and the converter power balance calculator combined with inner control
operates in continuous conduction mode. When the part as shown in fig. 3 can be calculate ipBc .
S,, S, are closed and SI. S, are open current rises

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 i,, = I , + rm
vo = vo+CO
Line voitage io = I, + i,
Single phase
220v50Hz 'v
AC-DC converter = I.@ +ire/
im/
-
I
I (Fig. I )

I 'PBC = IPBC + 'PEC

iVR = I ,
=
+b
Ld + i , d
-
Substituting the perturbation quantities into ( 2 ) and
I I neglecting the higher orders terms we obtain the
following steady state equations and small signal
equations.
k,vmi,, = v,i0 (6)
I, = 11- (7)
7
la
kJn/
=-
-
v,, f-
kmVm 7
E,@
-L- (8)
Fig.3. Black diagram ofthe proposed control systna v, v, v,
Where v, is dc output voltage, io is average output
current in one line cycle,vm is rms value of line
voltage. ipEc calculated at each cycles. Therefore, the
desired input line current can be directly computed and
the transient of converter can be largely improved due
to the response of the power balance calculator is faster
than voltage regulation loop, However, the voltage Combining with the voltage regulator G,, Fig.4
regulator is also needed because of tbe inaccuracy of the
power balance calculator and the losses in the system. shows the small signal control block diagram of the
proposed system and the parameter are given by
The averaged small signal model of tbe power kc",@
converter is based on the power balance concept. G,, =- (12)
Assume that the input current is controlled to be with in v,
the reference currents by the fvted hand hysteresis
current control, and the all components in the converter G, =-km Y"" (13)
are ideal. Therefore, the power of the input side and v,
output side for one line cycle.is G (14)
vmim = v,i0 (2) v,
1
where vm is therms value of input voltage, Z,(s) = - (15)
cs
,i is the rms value of input current,
vo is the dc output voltage,
io is the average output current over a l i e
cvcle.
From fig. 1 the input current is the inductor which is
bounded by the reference currents therefore, i,m can be F(& =-
k*vo (18)
expressed as vm
i, =ti,<

k,, = (1+ kd )km

2&kc,
The dynamic equation of the output voltage is given by
dvo
io =C-+i,,
dt
-
For derivation o f the small s i m l model
I I I
vm = v,, + Cm
Fig. 4 Modeling and conhol black diagram of proposed system

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 Therefore the output voltage can be expressed as by G , and the input line voltage. It is clear that a
larger input line voltage leads to a wider system
bandwidth. The bandwidth of the voltage regulation
loop should be smaller than the line frequency, A
suitable bandwidth is a half of line hquency.

v, = 250 volt,
v , =110 volt,
C=2200 p F,
k,, =0.612,
kfi = 0.025,
k, = 75, k, = 50.
T,,T and Z,are the control function, the audio
susceptibility and the output impedance respectively. v. SIMULATION AND EXPERIMEh'TAL RESULTS
The proposed converter system ,is with near optimum Fig. 6-8 shows the simulated line current and the
dynamic regulation if input voltage at the full load, the line current is exactly
in phase with the inpot line voltage and nearly
2&kc, sinnsoidal. Thus the input power factor approaches
k =-=1 unity, and fig. 7 shows the simulated transient response
' k, (l+k,)k, of output voltage at load current change, respectively.
Then, the output voltage can be expressed as The output voltage response is faster and robust to
disturbance.

w. VOLTAGE REGULATIONDESIGN 4

Fig. 5 shows simplified block diagram of the voltage

2
regulation loop if the power balance are used. The PI
controller is chosen for voltage regulation is 9 0

s
2

6
02 OXQ OXU 0206 0 2 w 0 1 0212 0214 0216 0218
t8msiserl

. Fig. 6 Simulated inductor current (A) and input line voltage (v).

Fig. 5 Simplified block diagram of the voltage Imp

Then, the control function becomes

Fig. 7 Simulated transient response output voltage (Vi) and output

It is noted that the control function is independent of cant (io) step laadat 0.7s (loon+ son).
the load current and the system bandwidth is affected

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 Fig.10 Total Hannanic Distortion (THD) and Power Factor (PF) at
5ow-6ww I
Fig. 8 Simulated harmonics spectra of inductor current ( iL ) at full
load.
VI. CONCLUSION
MllSOY . ,-2Y . .: This paper presented an ac-dc convener with high
W 10:t j DG I:(
:
j
. . . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ....
i
I :
;
... ..: . . :......
:
ms,dh
: (5m.ldVl power factor in rectifier mode and inverter mode. The
..
.. ... ... .. . ,
i
.. ..
' !",
hysteresis current control is adopted to draw a nearly
. . . i : : : :
. . . . sinusoidal line current. The control algorithm of
adopted converter is easy to implement and nonlinear-
time varying of converter are successfully solved.

REFERENCES

U [I] 1. W. Dixan and B. T. Ooi, Indirect current control of a unity

pawer factor sinwoidal emen1 boast type three-phases, IEEE
Trans. Ind. Eleetronics., vol. 35(4), pp. 508-514, Nov. 1988.
[2] 1. T. Bay and A.W. Green, Current forced single phase
reversible rectifier, IEE h a c . vol. 136(5), Part.B, pp. 205-211,
: : ; : ; : i Sep. 1989.
. . .
I ". '. :. ? : : ' : I [3] J.C. Salmon, Circuit Topologies for single-phase valtag-
.double bmst rectifiers, IEEE Trans. Power Elee. vol. 8(4), pp.
Fig. 9 Experimental results of inductor current ( iL ) and output 521-529, Oct. 1993.
voltage ( v, ) [4] V. F. Pires and I. F. Silva, Teaching nonlinear modeling
simulation, and control of electronic power converters using
MatlabiSimulink, IEEE Trans. Edueatiyn, vol. 45( 3), pp. 353-
TABLE.^ POWERCIRCLIIT PARAMETER AND 261,Aug. 2002.
COMPONENT VALUES [5] J. F. Silva ,Control methods far power converters in power
electronics handbook M. H. Rashid, ed. NewYork, Academic,
chapter 9. pp. 431-486,2001.

Finally we can conclude characteristics and

efficiency by total harmonics distortion and power
factor nearly unity of the control system presented in
this paper as shown in fig. 10.

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