1

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter provides the short overview on why and how this research will be conducted
. It also gives the aims and goals this research wishes to achieved as well as driving factors why
this specific topic was chosen by the researchers.

Introduction :

Classical music has always been a part of the modern times despite of its elderly origin .

It is known to have a sophisticated forms that is notable to boost cognitive functions .”

MCadams Claire “, (2017,August 17)How Does the Brain Respond to Classical Music

http://www.easybib.com” . Reading comprehension requires significant amount of focus and

other cognitive activity in order to deeply understand and contemplate the text being examine.

Classical music can possibly play a part in acquiring those necessity and giving more edge in

understanding a text knowing that it is documented to affect the results of brain activity . In a

past study , subjects who listened to Mozart’s sonata for just 10 minutes displayed IQ scores that

were nearly 10 points higher after the study than before .“ Brooke N. (2015 , October

13)Wondrous Things Happen With Classical Music. http://www.rd.com” .Some students are

having a hard time in performing well in reading comprehension exams . In fact , recent data

from Asia Pacific Journal of Educations and Educators was released and exposed that the

Philippines shows poor performance in reading comprehension , science and math . The struggle

in understanding the science and math subject correlates with the performance of the student in

reading comprehension .But this struggle like any other obstacle can be minimize or overcome

by the students themselves . This study can be used as a guide to improve the reading

comprehension of a student by the utilization of classical music.

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Background of the Study :

Because of the common stigma in some students who are incapable of improving their

reading comprehension , some who struggles in reading comprehension exams might choose to

get tired going to school. Most of the courses available needs more understanding of textual

academic material and persuasion of reading . Poor Reading comprehension skill can possibly

lead to degrading of understanding other scholarly text in other courses or subjects causing the

student to show poor academic performance which plays a huge part in passing the course taken

by the students .The researcher come up with the study of testing the feasibility of the presence

of classical music in relation to reading comprehension performance of a student . One of the

driving factors why this topic was chosen is because poor reading comprehension is one of the

academic problems of students that can affect their general performance in a school setting .

Objective of the Study :

This primary objective of this research is to test the effect of the classical music to

student’s reading comprehension as well as asserting if the longer exposure in classical has more

effect in the performance of the students in reading comprehension than in shorter exposure

while taking the reading comprehension test .

Statement of the Problem :

This study entitled “The effect of short exposure and long exposure in classical music to

students’ reading comprehension“ aims to determine the effect and feasibility of classical music

in a students’ reading comprehension .

1. What is the demographic profile of the subjects based in their :

1.1 Age :
 3

1.2 Gender :

2. Does the absence of classical music cause the student to get higher reading comprehension

exam average ?

3.Does the shorter exposure in classical music influence the subjects to have higher average than

those who are not exposed in classical music ?

4. Does the longer exposure in classical music influence the subjects to have higher average than

those who are not exposed in classical music ?

Hypothesis :

HO :There is no significant relationship between the student's reading comp. and demographic

profile.

HO : The average score of students who took the reading comprehension exam while exposed in

classical music in short duration will not be higher than those who are not exposed .

HO: The average score of students who took the reading comprehension exam while exposed in

classical music in long duration will not be higher than those who are not exposed.

Scope Delimitation :

This study “The effect of short exposure and long exposure in classical music to students’

reading comprehension“ utilize the experimental design wherein students will be expose in

classical music while taking a reading comprehension test . The subjects of this research are
 4

Grade 12 students in HUMSS strand of Our Lady of Fatima University , Lagro Quezon City

Branch . The researcher decided to look for 100 willing participants in order to gather enough

data to be analyze . The overall research will be carry out within the month of January to March.

The researchers will use Experimental research method to gather data. This study can be use as a

future reference in making an effective strategies to enhance the reading comprehension of the

students.

Significance of the Study :

This research entitled “The effect of short exposure and long exposure in classical music

to students’ reading comprehension“ can be use to improve student’s reading comprehension

skills and play a role in enhancing the student’s academic performance by having a reading

comprehension dependent in classical music. It can also be utilize as basis for those who wish to

enhance their reading competency using the influence of music. This research can be used as

future reference for researchers as well as individual who wish to utilize classical music for

improving reading comprehension .

Definition of Terms :

Classical Music - a form of music developed from a European tradition mainly in the 18th and

19th centuries: (Dictionary Cambridge , 2017)

- In this research , this is the independent variable .

Exposure - a situation or condition that makes someone likely to be harmed, esp. because

the person has not been protected from something dangerous: (Dictionary Cambridge , 2017)
 5

- In this research , it refers to the duration of time wherein the subjects are in the

presence of the classical music and it also serves as the controlled variable in this research .

Reading Comprehension – reading comprehension is the act of understanding what you are

reading. While the definition can be simply stated the act is not simple to teach. (Reading

Instruction Resources , 2017)

- In this research , it is the dependent variable being measured .

Duration - the time during which something continues. ( Merriam , 2017)

- In this research , duration is simply the time wherein the classical music

continues to play while the student are answering. The variation of duration in this experiment is

short and long .

Subjects - a person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with.

(Dictionary Cambridge , 2017)

- In this research , it refers to the grade 12 HUMSS students participant of the

experiment .

Average - average is the quotient obtained by dividing the sum total of a set of figures by the

number of figures (Dictionary Cambridge , 2017)

- It refers to the data that the researchers wish to analyze in order to know if classical

music has effect .

Scores - the number of points, goals, runs, etc., achieved in a game by a team or an individual.

(Dictionary Cambridge , 2017)

- It refers to the number of correct answer that the subjects will get .
 6

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter provides the evaluation of previous conducted studies , articles and other

scholarly texts , both local and foreign in origin in which these sources are related to the topic of

this research which is the effect of short term and long term exposure of classical music in

students; reading comprehension . This chapter also provides the rational explanation in

conducting the study..

Review of Foreign and Local Literature :

Biological effects of classical music have always been an intriguing thought . It appears

that it is more than just a pleasant background music for films because it can also affect your

health based in an article . Certain effect of Mozart and Vivaldi’s music (Classical Composers )

is decrease in blood pressure based in an article provided by Journal of Health Psychology .

Classical music helps heart to recover from stress brought by a stimulus . It also contribute in

having a sharp memory , having a good sleep and can caused relaxation . This effects are said to

be linked in the connection between relaxing music and a person’s emotion . Some patients

reduces stress and anxiety by listening to music before and after a therapy or a surgery . “Nelson

B. (2015 , October 13)Wondrous Things Happen With Classical Music. http://www.rd.com.”

Contrast to this findings , a research suggest that classical music doesn’t make someone

magically intelligent . A team of researchers gathered nearly 40 studies that had been conducted

on the so-called Mozart Effect in the most comprehensive meta-analysis performed to

date.
 7

Titled "Mozart Effect-Shmozart Effect," the meta-analysis found little evidence that classical

music improves performance on specific tasks and zero evidence that it actually improves your

intelligence. “Ashley H. (21 August,2016) , The Mozart Effect Myth: Listening to Classical

Music Won't Make You Smarter. https://curiosity.com . The celebrated “Mozart-Effect” was

said to be tested only in basic forms of intelligence such as finishing a maze or folding a paper

also known as spatial intelligence and was never challenged in displaying effects in more

complex tests . However , due to mass adoration and amazement in this research , this myth

widely spread in a matter of time and was later debunked by modern researchers through

thorough scrutinizing of data.

According to Lesnar(2013) music help fight depression and manage pain. She noted in

her article that based on a Glasgow University study, tests found that different types of music

that varied in pitch, melody and rhythm do indeed evoke certain emotional responses in people;

classical music stimulates responses beneficial to relieving emotional pain. She also suggest that

listening to music improves alertness and memory . Students who listen to Antonio Vivaldi’s

“Four Season” , especially the “Spring” part , respond faster than the students with the absence

of any background music . The same students show active response towards the facilitator of

their class during the conducting of the experiment .

The effect of classical music is not chained for academic purposes alone . In an article by

Barrington (2017) named The Benefits of Listening to Classical Music , it appears that pregnant

who regularly listening to classical music observed to experience decrease in stress level and

depression during their days of pregnancy . The group of women who regularly listened to

suitable music throughout their pregnancy showed significant reductions in stress, anxiety and

depression indicators after just two weeks of engaging in this self-administered music therapy.
 8

Reading comprehension requires significant amount of focus and other cognitive activity in order

to deeply understand and contemplate the text being examine. Classical music can possibly play

a part in acquiring those necessity and giving more edge in understanding a text knowing that it

is documented to affect the results of brain activity . In a past study , subjects who listened to

Mozart’s sonata for just 10 minutes displayed IQ scores that were nearly 10 points higher after

the study than before .“ Brooke N. (2015 , October 13)Wondrous Things Happen With Classical

Music. http://www.rd.com” Reading Comprehension is a complex process that requires different

building-block skills. One model of reading comprehension proposes that understanding what we

read is really the result of three levels of skills: literal comprehension, inferential comprehension

and evaluative comprehension. (Basaraba 2013) . It is an essential ability in order to effectively ,

process , understand and interpret an academic text .Is important to assess the reading capability

of students because reading is the foundation of all academic learning. He added that if a pupil

fails to master basic reading skills at the outset, it will be a constant struggle for them to get

through other disciplines successfully, thus depriving them of the chance to become literate and

productive individuals. ( Armin A. Luistro 2012) .

Being literate in reading comprehension gives a student an edge in thoroughly

understanding the text being analyze and can lead to voluntarily reading article and other

literature or scholarly material regardless if necessary for the course taken by the student or not .

Several reading comprehension exams are given to students in basic education level which

prepares them for more complex reading materials in higher level of academe . One of the

factors that may critically affect the academic performance of a student is his/her reading

comprehension skills . Incompetent reading comprehension skills can give a student a hard time

to compete fairly and to comply to the course’s requirements to pass .

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It can cause slow understanding of texts in any subjects , loss of interest in reading and

ineffective studying time for a student .

Review of Foreign and Local Studies :

Music has been used in the background as a positive stimulus or even for therapy in

various condition (Thompson , 2013) . Classical music appeared to be a stimulus to gene activity

showing it’s relevance even in molecular level . In layman’s terms, researchers studied music’s

effects on a molecular level, something they cited prior research hasn’t done before. They had

one group of participants listen to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s Violin Concerto No. 3 in G

major, K.216 for 20 minutes, and another didn’t listen to any music. Instead, they were advised

to avoid listening to music the day before the study and spent their session either talking to other

participants, reading a magazine, or walking outside.

The results showed listening to classical music enhanced activity of genes involved in

dopamine secretion (the feel good hormone), and “transport synaptic function, learning and

memory.” One of the most up-regulated genes was synuclein-alpha (SNCA), which is a known

risk gene for Parkinson’s disease. This gene is also how songbirds learn songs. “ Castillo S . ( 13

March , 2015 ) Listening To Classical Music Enhances Gene Activity: An Update On The Mozart

Effect. http://www.medicaldaily.com . The results of the experiment shows that classical music

affects the production of dopamine , a neurotransmitter responsible for the sensation of pleasure

and it also function as chemical messenger .

On the other hand , having a background music shows disruption and increase in

finishing of reading time of student who are exposed in loud music while taking a reading

comprehension exam . The students who listen in jazz finish faster than students who listen in

classical music while taking a reading comprehension exam however they show 50% better
 10

exam result than those who listen jazz and took the same reading comprehension exam .

(Thompson et. Al 2011 )

Result of a research in relation to effects of background music to student’s performance

shows that background music positively affect the performance of the subjects. The findings of

the study conducted showed reading comprehension increased with the playing of background

music. A total of 44 out of 80 students in fifth grade who expressed to enjoy the music in the

classroom shows active participation in class . It helps get them and keep them on task . Textual

data suggest that the subjects of the research felt a sense of control in their learning when they

are in the presence of a background music . (DeMers,2015) .

According to Gillis (2013) conducted research , background music less likely afeect

student negatively . Upon conducting an experiment to 71 college subjects , she found out that

there is no detrimental effect to student’s reading comprehension and Self-report in the presence

of a background music . She exposed the subject in various background music while in a regular

class environment and later on handed a questionnaire that aims to know if the students find

background music distracting . The result shows that 70% barely notice it’s presence and some

prefer to have a background music while discussing because it’s perfectly fine with them .

Small portion of the subjects commented the background music was distracting however the

result of their reading comprehension test was surprisingly showed that the background music

didn’t affect them negatively .

Wagner et. Al. (2014) found out in their study with 100 participants, that listening to

lyrical music while taking a multiple-choice shows significant difference than when a college

student is taking a multiple-choices exam while listening to lyrical or no music at all . Their
 11

study show that students who took the exam while in the presence of instrumental music got a

higher result than those who are listening to lyrical music while taking the same set of exam

based on the lesson discussed by the facilitators . Furthermore , a study conducted in Iran was

conducted to determine the effectiveness of students’ learning capability in music condition .

(Mozart and Vivaldi) . The experiment taught two groups of student English language . One

group was taught while listening to classical music while the other group don’t . They have the

same set of lesson, instructor and time duration for studying English language . After of this

process , the facilitator of the research gave a questionnaire that challenges the students’

proficiency in relation the lesson given to them . The result of the exam shows that the students’

in the presence of classical music scores higher than the group with the absence of music .

(Rashidi , 2013) . Certain of music influences our brainwaves differently . (Carpentier et al.,

2015) . While listening to music, brainwaves react to the notes and beats present in the sound.

Although all music creates changes in brain waves, different genres of music cause different

effects on a person’s brain and skin conductance .

However when it comes to math exam , the magic of classical music seems weak and can

influence the result of it . A study wherein 80 undergraduate participants are separated into two

groups , one with the presence of classical music while the other with no accompaniment , were

given a math exam . The result show no significant relationship between the result of the exam

and the presence of the music while they are taking the exam . (Mantheri , 2015) Moreover ,

classical music gives a sense of relaxation to the students specifically classical music played in

harp and triggers their interest in reading . (Pelayo III et al , 2014) .

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Conceptual Framework :

Short and Long Reading

Term Exposure in Comprehension
Classical Music

Grade 12 HUMSS students of

Our Lady of Fatima , Quezon
City.
Conceptual Framework Explanation :

It is simply stated in the framework that the data of the research , it’s dependent and
independent variable , is dependent or can be derive from the subjects or participant of the
experiment and that the framework wish to determine the effect of long and short exposure in
classical music to subject’s reading comprehension .
 13

Research Paradigm :

Demographic Profile :

Age

Gender

Short and Long Exposure in

Reading Comprehension
Classical Music

 The effect of short and long exposure

In Classical Music and the student’s
Reading Comprehension

 Expose the feasibility of the

independent through the result of DV
and broaden the knowledge about
the effect of classical music to
cognitive function .

Figure 1 . Research Paradigm based on Input-Process-Output (IPO) model. It portrays the

inputs from the research subjects , the Processes of conducting the research and the expected

Output of the study.

The purpose of the previous diagram shows the process of this study in order to

determine the feasibility of classical music in students’ reading comprehension specifically grade

12 HUMSS students . The inputs are the research’s subject , grade 12 students of HUMSS strand
 14

from Our Lady of Fatima University , explicitly their demographic profile : age and gender. The

dependent variable in this study is the average of the reading comprehension exam of the

subjects that was assess through the test prepared by the researchers. The outcome of this study

will be acquire through the data that will be gather and will be interpret in accordance to the

findings of the surveys. And depending on the results , suggestion will be formulate by the

researcher in order to learn the relation between the effect of classical music to student’s reading

comprehension . Furthermore , various of inference will be formulate in relation to the findings

that the researchers will come up to.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter covers the methods of the research, the variety of procedures made, and the

entire preparation of the study .

Research design

The design used by the researchers was experimental method. This method utilizes

scientific method to test the cause-and-effect relationships under conditions controlled by the

researchers. Furthermore, the variables involved in this are called independent and dependent

variables. Independent variable is an independently manipulated factor. Meanwhile, the

dependent variable is a variable that is being tested and can be measured. In this study, the

independent variable is the exposure of classical music, while the dependent variable is the

reading comprehension of the students.

Research Setting

The venue for this study is Our Lady of Fatima University, QC. Located at Hilltop

Lagro, Quezon City. This place were chosen by the researchers because this venue provides the

number of respondents that this study needed. Also, for safety reasons and the researchers was

convinced that the venue stated above would be the convenient place to perform the research

procedure.

Research Subjects

The Grade 12 HUMSS students will be the target subject for this study, with the bracket

age of seventeen to twenty (17-20) years old. This study will be having sixty (60)
 16

respondents, the subjects who are willing to be a part of this study were included through

cooperating to the experimental activity.

Research Ethics

The subjects of this research, and the facilitator of the class before the experiment are

respectfully ask for their consent to be a part of this research supported by a formal letter signed

by the research instructor and other necessary person in order for the letter to be credible . They

respectfully ask for their consent and will be inform about the nature of the research . Any

personal information or any information or situation that may cause harm and loss of anonymity

to the subjects will not be celebrated by the researcher and will do every possible way not to

threaten their emotional , mental and physical well being . The result of the experiment will not

be presented with any personal information of the subjects. The reading comprehension exam

and the music that will be use , which derived from a source will be properly credited through

standard citation .

Research instruments

The researchers will be using a reading comprehension text with 1-10 questions, the

questions are based to the text. For the short exposure of classical music the researchers will be

using the “Four Season Spring Concerto No.1 in E major , Op. 8”, and for the long exposure of

classical music the researchers will be using the Four Season "Summer" by Antonio Vivaldi. The

researchers will use the instruments stated above to gather the data.

Data Gathering Procedure

This research was carried out inside the premises of the chosen venue. A total of ninety-

nine (99) Grade 12 HUMSS students of OLFU served as the subjects who will participate in the
 17

experimental activity. This study will be divided into three (3) groups: Group A, the students

with short exposure of classical music Group B, the students with long exposure of classical

music Group C, the group without classical music. The researchers will distribute the reading

comprehension text to Groups A&B, while the students reading the text the researchers will play

the classical music according to their group. In Group C, the researchers will only distribute the

reading comprehension text to the students. All groups will answer the questions based on the

text. After that, their answers were interpreted properly, deep analysis of data results were done

by the researchers to see if there's any relationship between the short and long exposure of

classical music and reading comprehension of the students. This was done through different

statistical treatments that were also applicable in this study. From these, results and

recommendations were express by the researchers that match to the matter presented in this

study.

Statistical Treatment :
 18

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Table 1.1

Demographic Profile of the Subjects in Terms of Age

Age F %
16-17 years old 25 41.7%
18-19 years old 35 58.3%
Total 60 100%

Table 1.1 shows the distribution of the subjects according to their age.

The gathered data shows the age bracket of the subjects who participated in the
experiment in this research as well as the frequency and the percentage of age bracket with
regards to the total subject the research.
The far majority of the subjects are 18-19 years old which covers the 58.3% (35 of 60)
and remaining 41.7% are 16-17 years old (25 of 60) .

Table 1.2

Demographic Profile of the Subjects in Terms of Gender Preference

Gender F %
MALE 17 28.3%
FEMALE 43 71.7%
Total 60 100%

Table 1.2 shows the distribution of the subjects according to their gender preference.

The table shows the gender of the subjects who participated in the experiment , the
frequency of each gender and it’s percentage . It also shows the total of the participant of this
research.
 19

The data shows the dominance of the female gender over male when it comes to the
number of subjects . Majority of the subjects are female .

Majority of the subjects or 71.7% (43 out of 60) of the participant are female and the
remaining 28.3% (17 out of 60) are male .

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IV AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

Table 2.0

IV (ABSENCE OF P Value Decision

CLASSICAL MUSIC)
Age 0.477968 ACCEPT HO
Gender 0.03396 REJECT HO
Table 2.0 Description :

The table present the P value of the demographic profile of the subjects who are not
exposed in classical music while taking the reading comprehension exam derived from the
gathered data. It also shows the decision whether the null hypothesis is to be accepted or rejected
.
The table shows the relationship between the subject who took the reading
comprehension exam and the absence of the classical music .
It is presented in the table that the that the relationship between the P value of the age is
greater than the level of significance which means that the Null Hypothesis is accepted leading
into the conclusion that age is a significant factor that affect the subjects’ reading comprehension
result, in contrast the P value of the gender is less than the critical value thus the Null Hypothesis
is rejected .

Table 2.1

IV (SHORT EXPOSURE) P Value Decision

Age -0.50152 REJECT HO
Gender 0.217425 ACCEPT HO
Table 2.1 Description :

The table present the P value of the demographic profile of the subjects who are exposed
in classical music in short duration while taking the reading comprehension exam derived from
the gathered data. It also shows the decision whether the null hypothesis is to be accepted or
rejected.

20

The table shows the relationship between the subject who took the reading
comprehension exam and short exposure (5:00 minutes) in classical music .
It is presented in the table that the that the relationship between the P value of the age is
less than the level of significance which means that the Null Hypothesis is rejected , in contrast
the P value of the gender is greater than the critical value thus the Null Hypothesis is accepted
therefore gender shows a significant effect in the subjects’ reading comprehension result .

Table 2.2

IV (LONG EXPOSURE) P Value Decision

Age -0.3493 REJECT HO
Gender -0.10164 REJECT HO

Table 2.2 Description :

The table present the P value of the demographic profile of the subjects who are exposed
in classical music in long duration while taking the reading comprehension exam derived from
the gathered data. It also shows the decision whether the null hypothesis is to be accepted or
rejected.

The table shows the relationship between the subject who took the reading
comprehension exam with long exposure (10:00 minutes) in classical music.
It is presented in the table that the that the relationship between the P value of the age is
less than the level of significance which means that the Null Hypothesis is rejected furhtermore
the P value of the gender is less than the critical value thus the Null Hypothesis is rejected .

LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE: 0.05

N=60 DF=58

CRITICAL VALUE= 0.2542

 21

THE RESULT OF THE EXPERIMENT

(ABSENCE OF CLASSICAL MUSIC) SET A

Table 3.1

SUBJECTS SCORES
1 3
2 2
3 1
4 3
5 0
6 4
7 0
8 4
9 1
10 2
11 5
12 5
13 5
14 1
15 1
16 2
17 2
18 0
19 1
20 0
AVERAGE = 2.1 / 14

Table 3.1 Description :

The tables show the scores of the subjects who took the reading comprehension test
without the presence of classical music . The average of the scores is also presented in the table.
The highest score recorded from subjects who took the without classical music is five
(5) , the lowest score was zero (0) and the total average of subjects score is 2.1 over a 14 item
test .

22

The subjects shows poor performance based on the results of the exam and the average
score of the subject.

(SHORT EXPOSURE IN CLASSICAL MUSIC) SET B

Table 3.2

SUBJECTS SCORES
1 4
2 2
3 1
4 1
5 1
6 4
7 4
8 1
9 2
10 0
11 0
12 6
13 6
14 1
15 1
16 2
17 3
18 4
19 1
20 5
AVERAGE : 2.45 / 14
Table 3.2 Description :
The tables show the scores of the subjects who took the reading comprehension test
while being exposed in classical music in short duration (05:00 minutes and the total average of
their scores .

23

The highest score recorded from subjects who are exposed short in classical music is six
(6) , the lowest score was zero (0) and the total average of subjects score is 2.45 over a 14 item
test .
The average score of the subjects who are exposed in classical is 1 point higher and their
average score is 0.34 higher than those who are not exposed in classical music while taking the
exam . Depending on the data showed by the table , the performance of those who are shortly
exposed in classical music is poorly improved.
The P value between the SET A and SET B data is 0.19167 thus leads to the decision that
the null hypothesis will not be rejected.

(LONG EXPOSURE IN CLASSICAL MUSIC) SET C

Table 3.3

SUBJECTS SCORES
1 2
2 1
3 1
4 4
5 3
6 3
7 1
8 3
9 2
10 0
11 3
12 2
13 3
14 3
15 2
16 1
17 1
18 2
 19 6
20 4
AVERAGE = 2.45 / 14
24

Table 3.3 Description :

The tables show the scores of the subjects who took the reading comprehension test while
being exposed in classical music in long duration (010:00 minutes and the total average of their
scores .
The highest score recorded from subjects who are exposed short in classical music is six
(6) , the lowest score was zero (0) and the total average of subjects score is 2.45 over a 14 item
test .
The average score of the subjects who are exposed in classical is 1 point higher and their
average score is 0.34 higher than those who are not exposed in classical music while taking the
exam . Depending on the data showed by the table , the performance of those who are shortly
exposed in classical music is poorly improved. Compared to the data showed table 3.2 the
performance of the subjects doesn’t improve at all .
The P value between the SET A and SET C data is 0.071797 thus leads to the decision
that the null hypothesis will not be rejected.

LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE: 0.05

N=60 DF=58

CRITICAL VALUE= 1.672

 25

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions
1. The subjects with the age bracket of 18-19 years old have more frequency among the other
brackets while the age bracket of 16-17 years old have the least frequency. It is noticeable that
there is a disparity between male and female subjects with 43 female and 17 male equivalent to
60 subjects. The researchers therefore conclude that the far majority of HUMSS grade 12 in Our
Lady of Fatima Lagro Quezon City who participated in the experiment are female.

2. The performance based on exam scores by the subjects who are exposed in classical music in
short duration(5:00 minutes) show poor improvement compared to the performance of students
who are not exposed in classical music proving the effect of classical music in a form of
intellectual process .

3. In comparison with the scores of the subject who took the reading comprehension exam
without classical music and those who are exposed in classical music in long duration (10:00
minutes) , the data show less improvement concluding that the classical music is slightly
effective in affecting the subject’s reading comprehension skill.

4. Comparing the scores of subjects who are exposed in classical music in short (5:00 minutes)
and Long (10:00 minutes) duration , the researchers deduced that there is no development of
result with both set of subjects having an average of 2.45.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions in the study, the following recommendations are
suggested:

1. To Students
To students who want to find more effective way to improve reading comprehension, the
researchers recommend to try other ways to stimulate understanding in reading
comprehension other than listening to classical music. Consider the difficulty of the test
the students have to take and prepare accordingly.
2. To the Parents/Guardians
To the parents/guardian who want to improve their children’s reading comprehension,
The researchers recommend to give their children pieces of reading comprehension with
 26

their preferred language together with English translation. To the parent/Guardian,

encourage your children to find alternative way to improve their reading comprehension.
3. To the university
To the university who wish to improve the reading comprehension of their students,
classical music dependent strategy is not advisable based on this research’s results ,thus
finding an alternative way is strategic .
4. To Researcher
To the future researcher who will come up with the same concept of study ,it is
recommended to gather larger number of subjects and use other classical songs or use
other genre of music and manipulate the time of exposure of the students longer than
what the researcher has done . Future researchers should also consider the difficulty of
the reading comprehension exam that they will give to the subjects in order to acquire an
evident data and when conducting the experiment , make sure to isolate the subjects from
possible disturbing outside noises in order to emphasize the presence of classical music ,
possibly use louder music players .