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THEYOICE
I. WHAT IS VOICE?
fi6t-qa1-Eiqtr qg
Ieat a mango (qfr qsF qq rllt) I
N. TYPES OF VOICES
$o169{ qffi cclroQ -E {<il {l{ f,rr vcice eR efor< c
(2) Passive voice : qel{"16s, sentence €K subject I"F frfrT allfs q<e.
qc{f< T'M EI{ S"K qTKl't 4-fi q-{, Erl{ verb-€K passive voice {3i I q[5IfCqS
qqqEqT<rq
A mango is eaten bY me.
<fs1m< verb {3tr voice FI passive voice.
-; me); active €3t object (a mango) tftq,s qCXfq passive-(itr subject-€ t eqz1-<tr
verb cifrr+srls-( 3 Active €R verb (eat)Fl[T passive-€ Fe. V6.tn-
sml qffi{ {F"l TcrQ; qdR is (be) t eaten (V p.p.) (l is eaten.
\'rqm ccTl3t;FF6T tense ql q-{t qsF {t{l{'t {q-& Fl"R, "R-{ "ffit
iflTl;ti <qqq-{ S6{ R& tense-4 qC$tt F<?t I
ql{l?ct "R'& a
:5+V+
passive,!9, ) * be + V1o.o1 !-l
Js
IO'
Jo
<i$t s S"rr<< -f qirc*-tr< qd SE active-€K object (O) F passive-€
€ryT subject (s) q flfrq-\9 Ecr6q
,ffi.8
Passive , I it done bY me.
Js
q{'c1;c(rs-e-F{ qdqE active-€3l subject (S) fr passive-€ €C{ object
(o)-q qRqs Em-cq I R{-{ 3
ActivetIaoit.
Passive: lt is done trnrel
be = am/is/are/was/were/being /been
390 A Passage to the English Language
qkTstr &R''{ Est s? B active- €i I TrF passive-€ object
ftqi< <lTqs
qiR-cqEfieR objective case-me <Kq\e- RlTa r qqrE subjeci 'l'{ffi
object
Er< me €i( object 'me'ECE subject Et-< 1,. LC{< CET{<J case_qfit{ Fft{S r
({:F{SActive:She dances
s -T-
{rllf,{ object Ot <g €it passive {s<tr cltr I
Passive
Io+ amlis,/are Js
: S + V(p.p) + by (to) +-6-
C{rFT 3 Act: She reads a book.
qr$ ql:I-fl S"[<-< q-x:ilt< passive +-+< r €"icr< structure- q qal:I
"tqG
cclrs fr ft q-<-$t< Et ql{.{t frcu< xs nr< ffi c
Jo
J3l active q< O = passive-q qf,{ S : A book
sK"l-{ :is
Verb ,g< (p.p) past participle : read
q<"R ,by
Js
[il active €K S, passive-q {C{ O : her
Grammar : The Voice 391
Jo
's.i 5 : A book
3:; \51{"iK :is
V(p.p) : given
4Tft object <c{ {6{ :me
Js
-O ' i bYYou
qufit Passive : A book is given me by you.
or, I am given a book bY You.
"fa.&frql-{-gq{'Fs(qfiffi exercise ft +-<re qr< r
^
IEXERCISEI l+rur3 iable-qK R&T
s-cftr word Kfrrr qr-g <fsiemfcs
--passirre * 1 gEqF s13 ffi?tf{ RE I
p+ a-71.7 u[*llfi-@
Y"-*nr
Cqa"lS n.t,Sffi
a
Act:lamreadingabook.
Act : you are drinking milk. etc. (qfr qq
"n_{ $_{S t)
passive S3FI 1
Jo
(Active (R object:€rlft-r subject)
: Milk
'- Auxiliary verb :is
ET<fi
: being
V (p.p)
: drunk
gRfi
:by
Js
6 (Active -€K subject, €{l-F{ object) : You
q{<blrffi word arEl-c$ q<"RclrqlQ
Passive : Milk is being drunk by you. (CsNl{ El-<l {}€TI
q<l:l frru-{ exerciseF E{ E6q)
r-< | 6h{r< +s fiqr cglqK qr+-<lt{ +{q EIrf6R!
:--
-Table-sl Tal-qlqem T<q s-{ I
Active :
1. She is eating rice.
2. Rita is making tea.
3. I am writing I lntte..
4. Biva is reading a poem.
5. Shuman is beating (qRT{ srCR) the
dog.
Passive :
Jo
T amo is are being v(p.p) by
JS
o-
l. Rice ls being oy
c
is being
3. A letter by
is being
4. by me
is being
5. by Biva.
l5 beinq beaten bv
1. Active : We are makinq baskets.
Passive : Baskets are being made by us.
2 Active : She is doinq thJsum.
Passive : The sum is done by her.
Grammar : The Voice 393
<l(qFI Active s Passive q{ EFI qTctt q-{t frrF-{ EFR<.lent l-s;
"lts{f<
Act : I am making a chair. (qtfr esF cbxn ZoA +-<e r)
Pass: A chair is being made by me. (q-ql< Sm qn,D olt< M T-fl
EcR r)
Jo-".,,^r*^^,"^^-
Passive :
f + havelhas + been + ,;
V(p.p.), + ,-Js
by +
S
C{iFI 3 Act : She has broken the glass.
<r+Jrrrc+ passive iF3ICS Etr{ |
Jo
,lActive-€R Object=passive -€T Subject) 3 The glass
EK'l{ B has
EIT'I{ B been
V(p.p.) B broken
eRT{ s by
Js
6 (Active ({ subject : passive €i object) B her
sl{[{ Passive : The glass has been broken by her. (Solc<-< word
a(Efrs "RT< ct&cs t)
ql FmrF qqjslr{ <g T-{cE Dlse ro1-q6q fr60-{
exerciseft <r< I {tq r_ms
frfi? "r<I cq"k<qfr qfillwl{{ef 6q.c{ c,tR I
:- _..-..-.
passive-€ {'llVRv O-A;
1. She has called me.
2. Mother has given me a one_taka note.
B. fr65-{ <f+lefql3tr passive form Table-€
of words <tfrct table q<
6qTt qE rE"qw word {l group
WqFerqt T{61s-{ I
Active , lS + V(p".t)* Ol
CST-{.s I ate rice m sfs, c"ftTQfi{)
They dug the pond (E]<f T-{TIE 1544 413Q6q4 1
ls
Passive :
$ * *url*ere + V(p.p.) + by + o
CqqT, I ate rice <t"-Sftr< passive ft qf<t
Structure q{'ffC< s
lc
fr {n.tiun €< Obj = passive -€< Subj) 3 Rice
gi<qK 3 uras
verb 4( past participle (p.p.) 3 eaten
EKl9R 3bv
Js,(active cl{
O Subj. = passive-€R obj.) g me.
(a) She broke ((scskq) the plate. (b) He saw me. (c) Mother cooked
rice. (d) Alifa killed a rat.
2. Tfl-t{ T{q s< (E9lr-<-< struchrre ,4< {f{In1 qI€) s
(a) Active : He caught the bird.
Pass : The bird-caught by -
(b) Act : We wrote the lettters.
Pass : The letters - written by us.
#; (c) Act : She sold the cow.
't. Pass : -was-by-.
(d) Act : Biva made a doll.
Pass : A doll was - by -.
q<mfiItr<fiT{erqt o:t e
A. Negative : Active : S + did not + V (present) + O
cqT{ s She did not make tea. (cq'51?ofi +ffi r)
Passive , l$**urZwere+not +V
(p.p) * Uy * f
CT:FI B Tea was not made by her. (ieK q<l Dt ?sR WR r)
B. Interrogative : Active : Did+S+V (present)+O?
c{'{T s Did she break the glass? (c{ft $fqF rwv&nr)
Passive : Was/were*
? * V (p.p) * uy * t'z
C{:ll. 3 Was the glass broken by her? (ER Ek1ft $cE Wtt {cT&el)
FXERCiSE] A. Chanse the following into passive :
T"fl-gRE S-{ S
Active :
1. Kanti was drawing a picture. 2. Kunta was making a basket.
3. She was writing a poem. 4. They were helping me.
5. The men were catching fish.
Passive :
@<R
A. Negative frel q-om <fsl qQ tense-€3t active € passive T1 CR{ I
i$.'
Passive : Was,/were.
*. being + V (p.p) * Uy *$ z
:*l
C{:l{ 3 Was the land being ploughed by them? (81fi-< CK ft qffi uts
ffiIC&-q?)
EXERCISEI 1. Passive-€ s-{ 3
ffTIt Passive : Rice had been eaten by him before I went there.
fr60-{ exercise fr q*'pr qEsq Fk?tq \fl csrql< Ti{ltR qlsrs .f6{ <tc< I
398 A Passage to the English Language
iun-q
seNgRs 4-{ r
iS!
(c) They made the planks (vsl) after they had cut the tree.
*, (d) The audience 1r{e , ce.lsl; praised (q"iccl o<l) ttre singer after she
had sung a good song.
(e) We had completed our task ($tE) before we went to sleeS'.
Passive :
.io .LS
T bad been v (p.p) by o clause
nad oeen oy clause -
A. Negative :
Active,fS+l-rdn"ot +Vhtp) +O+.1"*a
CT5F{ 3 I had not com work before my boss came.
Passive :
+ willlshall + be + V (p.p) + by + Js
f o-
€"irfr{ I shall eat rice <ffiJFrs qm .€ structure q{qlC{ passive €
q1ffie-s-tr{ r
Jo (Active-€< Obj.
q = q?lrf{ Sub.) 3 Rice
\5RtK 3 will
EK"FI 3be
verb €R past participle (P.p.) 3 eaten
El{el-?T 3bv
J s (Active
6 -€< Sub. = qel1C{ Obj.) ime
p{i( Passive : Rice will be eaten by me.
Active :
.1. Rumpa will love the cat. 2. Tumpa will take it. 3. Shahina and
Babu will play the game. 4. The man will tring it. 5. I shall real ihese
five books tomorrow.
Passive :
JO JS
F
5 shall, will be v(P.P) by __I
o
The cat
The game
will
be
be
taken
by
by
iyr
It will ;-;,h. by
will ;; read by iomorrow.
rrect t passtve sentences :
1. Act I shall help you.
Fass Your will be helped by I.
2. Act Thev will see me.
Pass Me will seen by them.
J. Act She will cook rice.
Pass Rice shall be cooking by her.
A Passage to the English Language
.c-{K ft&d efok <lrsl tense fi{ voice -43tr Tel ffF q{ 3
A. Negative :
Active : S + shall/will + not + V+ O
c{:li{ s I shall not help you. (qlfi (ET{P6$ CRttI' F-fi { l)
Js
Passive :
$ + shall/will + not + be+ V(p.p) + by + d
RT{ s Yoy willnot be helped bv me. (9fr qlTR sKlclCt'$$s Er{
ql r)
",?F!
:*;
B. Interrogative :
Active Shall/will+S+V+O?
:
Passive : **u,.
!f+not+be+v(P. P)+bY+ !|?
qll)
c{-{ s Shallwe not gnt th" lnttnrr? $ffi ft ffierEI "tl<
Will the letters not be got (gotten) bv us? (s'l{lcq-< sFI fr
G$erfl $e
cc<4I?)
T{sil n*nt.ise-€i A s
B-q< C"<qfEI <fsl-fs negative-{
A. Negative :
Active : S+shall,/will+not+be+V(ing)+O.
c{.:li B I shall not be ftying a kite then. (trfi qtfi qFtr {&
€Ws ar+crllt r)
APTEL-26
402 A passage to the English La,nguage
Shall,/will+
+l . not + be beins+V(p.p.l . o, . *rf
Will rice not be being eaten by Babu?
(Ti1n Et-{ fr W .nqt qoe qr$r{ rt?)
$ onnn*@
shall/wtll*nuu"
tr"tc-*< qffir+ qTil si structure
ffi r
EXERCISEI A. EqTffi
{Ic"l {lc"l, €:t( structurefr <]zl{ln s'6{)
!#3 frct-<<l+lqtrc passive-€ "fffiso< c
:'::-
1. I shall have completed my work before he comes (€{16{ before he
comes:clause).
2. Shepa will have eaten rice before she will go to bed.
B. G'll-T{ structureF rflT6{ crtw arrf I q'<k frrE<.Fjqq ecnt {nct o-< s
1. Act : I shall have ddne the work by Sp.m.
pass: ----- will ---done by
2. Act : They will have kilied the--by
5p.ni.
tiger by 7p. m.
_ pass: Ther tiger---- killed by --- by---.
3. Active : Mother will have made tea before we finish our study.
sive : ------ have been ----- bv ---- before ---
q-<T{ ftC{ efrR <fsj q! tense-q< voicea(41 FfrR F3( I
A. Negative :
Active :
S+shall/wiji + nof + have + V(p.p.) + O +-p-nraseZctuuse
3 He will not have heard this by this time.
6{:FI
(ei ca."cT"{ qkof7trc<l cc qran sr+ qfsm t)
Passive :
Jo
f+shall/will + not + have been +V(p.p.)+ by +*+ph.ase,/clause
o
6{:l{ 3 This will h_ave not been heard by him by this time.
(cvq6q qs?ll stfi cF{I qc{ eltoc< r)
B. Interrogative :
Active :
shall/will + S + have + V(p.p.) + O lpttrase/ctaus"f
C{'{'{ 3 Will she have written the letter by this time? (C{ ft e\5wq
^
Dr'.l6lqc{i
^Aa
{lfc<?)
Passive :
CT{{ 3 Will the letter have been written by her by this time? (sT* qKl
ft <vq'6"yS6E eq7frRsEcr qr<rm?)
404 A to the English Language
Passage
c. Negative-Interrogative :
Active :
I
ru. PASSME VOICE OF VERBS WITH DOUBLE OBJECTS
Case-q{ft{ fiI?R Cs Csl;I CfiFI verb€i indirect ((( directql
cEFtfl
[tff 66'".* allsls "fr6i r firu-{ Eqr{<qF cq?rq 6srqkq-{ g ql<Fs 16{ ,igm
(Tw case-qqt{ q<( Verb-v{ilcfitr Transitive Verbs with Doubre objects
section 6?rl t)
He teaches us English.
<rFis EtE q6.i".a : indirect object (etfiulno) qo * €R( direct object
(<-q <l'Fs) Rf, English- <{sTFrs qT$ qakq
We q'{( o|CT English_c$ subject
{'6l Elsk{ passive-€ {flgRs +R a
Passive : We are taught Enghish by him.
R.Obi.
or. English is taught usby him.
(t6{i active-*i ,,
Qrtrr passive ,*",<-T.q
I frg objectcel
qffi TcT {t{ (English). qtr "*t;::t
ft-q 8+ qrf< rEQ verb_€{ * *H,
{FT Retained object ([.OU; 1. q9l(< frqT passive
**
il6$I us EE R.Obj. {sfl(
q qK6{< qRi C{ tense-€-Q aff$' Cl
C+;t, qlT-{t tr{.{ structure <icq6 3*p 6-
fr\ sk<A qerql{ passive STitr qr< (ffi tense q< 6S-6E frG{ structure
SRTqI) I ts{ c{ objectFro passive_€ subject
foqr< cTT qr{ 11 (mq..{.B"lt3n
Eqfqft{ English €{( us) sEs verb q<
"K ffs fi-s[R R{ (objective case_ €)
ofq lqufrrser< r
1. You must eat the mango. 2. He would sing (rflttg{) good songs in
his boyhood. 3. she should love her husband. 4. They Lay use this
tubewell. 5. Man can eat every thing.
JO JS
T Aux.v+be V(p.p.) by
o-
(Aux=can,
should etc.)
eaten by
I T l_":s" '.-.-'-.-
nlm ln hls.
loved 9:
This----- in"n,,
Everything bv
B. g'lc{< <l$l efEI neqative Efq can. shoJld must RE]IiFil el{ not {ll\5
cT5t{ 3
Act : You must not eat the mango. (yR Effi qmF rlfr< ql r)
4(( passive-4 "be"-4n Wkrl not Trls;
Pass : The mango must not be eaten by you.
<fr <t'or Qf{l Interrogative Qp vlccE tsl can, should ffi <-fFr< qT'f
Tll$ I fgffi 3
Active : Can man eat every thing? (ffi ft q<ftR C{1s fl53?)
E?F[ passive .tl6€lrg can, should lqffi ql6rl {Cs I CT5F{ s
Pass : Can every thing be eaten by man?
Sfr {Sjeffl negative-interrogaiive qE vRCE {tfaTil qqlli
Can,/should/must----+S+not + be T:ig 1
6T{;T 3 Active :
Must you not eat the mango?
Pass : Must the mango not be eaten by you?
€-<lT ERcq QeF qq3 (A-q<) <lsj afE1-fs negative-€
active € passive;
interrogative-4 active € passive; €T( neg-interrogative- € active € passive
<tr+i qRqss-{ r
406 A Passage to the English Language
I VI. PASSM VOICE OF SENTENCES WITH who, which,
when, how, why, whom
4QFTI active € passive B-w <n+f< q?f6{ allfs I <l$1fr R{ interrogative (T
efi-6<t{s I active sentence 4l subject "who" EC{ passive-€K qckXE "bV
whom" (+f< 4<1) <rrt r
Active Passive
Who dicl rt/ Ity whom was it doner
When will he read the book? When will the book be read by
him?
How did you do it? (how-Rslr<) How was it done by you?
Active :
1. Do not beat the dog. 2. Take this book, 3. Help him. 4. Take care
gf, your health 5. Do not liugh at the poor. 6. Do not eat this banana. 7.
Write a letter. 8. Read this book.
Affirmative : Passive :
NorE. Active sentence- €R eql[r let eltsFl passive sentence- q< qtrl
Let {C{ t
qelr{ s
(N. B. quasi-passive verb C{ <lCsj ell-C-$ Ekt active-fi( passive Bv-g form
4'{ sublect-cnQ e1i'66;
Grammar : The Voice 409
lexrnctsel e. i
*-,t '
-hnbuilding.
2. This flower smells sweet. 6. The drums (cW{, ffs) are
beating.
3. The pili (<Q) tastes sour (R+)' 7. The cows were milking (cqRq
{<l).
4. These books read good 8. The book was Printing'
GierEI "lws sls Ef i.)
qfrs 9l3t fir*"1
C' Qusi-Passive verb-6{ <ft-si structure c
Active : S+be-Verb+V(ing)
(Passive : glctl cq{F qc{'cq t)
"
EXERCISE <IslqlEln passive qs ftr E-ur-<l qts@Et
,,$,'
1. A rat o
':ii:;
[@f .Gn<sTilqEq r)
2. A flower is
EereIingt".rr*ll-l
Food a;,].
3. Mangoes ur"
4. rr is F;AtoJigesE. (digest_qql+_<D
5. This stick is
i;"sv t.E.*il
(qqw.<q).
6. Mathematics is .,otl eisy to lea.nl .
Answer : it, qT lt r T-R"t, etfrfr ilrsl
fffi";d6l q$tr-g< (6sT_{
easv to ffi) 6rFr passive ET Tr r qE q<'6
k*
aq m*-ft; .*
*T^T_ls passive {s< T{ i qsfm easy to"i,".,
i:n',.'i'^t_l
good to be eaten-qfr"t Cqrlt fO q.{
r
be kilred,
Passive'
I Tffi:jT"T::,ffi@
r XlI. TWO IMPORTANT NOTES
by him
GRAND EXERCISE
t@ q<rnq l.I frR Ftrts st sfr sffi{ qErs srr fi€ vrqm €l exercise
Fo-< r q.sFe$3<Fr<kli<r<lI ri
1. qErqtr{ ?'q{(frq'tqrt "fr'c{{ r
(a) Passive voice-4 C-{CSIEE verb €3tr past participle <Ii-qs q-T I
Structure- € E1-<qs n( (i), (ii), (x) tioT|fr eM €eic-T{ Elft-st{ & F(-q< t"tts"-
ffi verb €i[ passive <1 {<tR{l EC{(R' I
StructureF {t<-qK s-<'R qlc't fislqFcq-{r$ q-{$e tense q{Ils c?lrr {l{fr{
Q?Flitr tense-€K 45{ s <f€-{ q-FTE EC< I Translation
q(Crt tense q{lT[T q"<erql
tense eiqf{ .{SF 5.{sTR ffiq-q 6qTI qrscq I s"ll-{ celc{ 65r{ qls r qFr
e?F-6Gi
Tr{ <l{r{, tense {i[6.t'Eldt {|dcl[ qFqrq fu5-{ cfr'rq q€T{ FGl voice
FRro c-c-l{fcq< qFfrT{Eq{sqt{rs r
6.
Quasi-passive verb-€K passive form 6$.l;t q{ Efd' ql6q s? Bq|{3"tft
cq-cq 'f<-{-6f <fqerqfr+ passive q {tlgRs +-{ I
(a) What did you do? (b) Who said this? (c) Which pen do you want?
(d) Whom do you want? (e) Do you play football? (f) Is she making tea?
(g) Are they reading books? (h) Have you broken the plate? (i) Was he
writing the essay? 0) Did gour brother play football?
8. ftcu-< <l+lsrEfcs passive-€ s{fsRu s-<T {l{ ftr mrql
(a) He laughs. (b) I go home (c) He comes here everyday. (d) Birds fly
in the sky. (e) A little baby can not walk. (f) A blind man can not see.
9. ftR fr! intransitive verb CS qTF S'Cl cognate object (objective
case-E{flC{ m{; qftqq, verb 9{flC{ Cq.t)frfE C{$r{i transitive verb q< $o
<]-qqe {'cE elR-T I s"f{ \9-r6n<rS passive-€ T"i-lgR]5 €l ${ I vr{cq frrD-{,
<lsiedElf,s' passive-€ "fRqio +< r
(a) He ran a race. (b) She dreamt a good dream. (e) We saw a good
sight. (d) I have slept a sound sleep. (e) He laughed a laughter.
10. frCD-< passive <f{ielfrlfs active-€ q4ls,Rs S-< g
(a) My pen has been stolen. (b) Rome was not built in a day. (c) He is
believed to be a sorcerer ({lE s<). (d) He was considered dead" (e} The
shops have been closecl. (0 The city was built many years ago. (g) He was
killed.
11. froT complex sentence gfEtfs passive-( nffi+-< :
(a) I know ihat he is a doctor. (b) He thought that you are a player.
(c) He can say when she will come. (d) She calculated how much her
husband should give her. (e) I have given him what he had wanted very
much.
12. Change of voice CSITR SI'R
"{T
sftT <'6E {C{ qn? fi {r+ qr$ cfifs
vl{n r+-qr q? vn-sfuq cqrfi< FlT-$rs cq"tt\3 r