Petrophysics - Part 1

9-11 February 2018

by:
Yana Hendrayana
Miftahul Firdaus
2
3
Petroleum Industry….
ØLong Process
ØHigh Technology
ØHigh Cost
ØHigh Risk

4
Petroleum System

The petroleum system is a

unifying concept that
encompasses all of the
disparate elements and
processes of petroleum
geology, including: the
essential elements (source,
reservoir, seal, and overburden
rock) and processes (trap
formation, generation-
migration-accumulation).

5
An oil/gas well (borehole) is a boring in the Earth that is designed to bring
petroleum hydrocarbons to the surface. (wikipedia)

WELL DEPTH
MD, TVD, TVDSS

True Vertical True Vertical

Depth Depth – Sub Sea
Measured Depth

6
7
8
Formation evaluation is the process of using borehole measurements
to evaluate the characteristics of subsurface formations (lithology,
temperature, pressure, permeability, porosity, water saturation…).

Petrophysics is the study of rock properties and their interactions

with fluids (gases, liquid hydrocarbons and aqueous solutions) –
Djebbar Tiab & Erle C. Donalson 2004

Well Logging is the practice of making a detailed series of

physical measurements (a well log) of the geologic formations
penetrated by a borehole.

9
Why we log ?

10
Main Equipment Contrrol Room &
Engineers

Logging Tools Computer Units

11
 Wireline Engineer Acquisition Equipment

Client (“Witness”)

Unit Engine

Contrrol Room
& Engineers

Winch man
Wireline cable to
downhole tools Computer
Cable drum
Units

12
Arm, Pad, Mandrel

13
 Perforation &
Open hole Cased hole Production
logging logging logging

14
 Tool Conveyances

§ Wireline Logging
§ LWD (Logging While Drilling)
§ Tractor

15
What does logging mean?

7000

7001

7002

7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012

7013

7014
7015
7016
16
Tool string is moving at a certain logging
speed, and data are recorded at certain
7000
intervals called sampling rate.
7001

7002

7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012

7013

7014
7015
7016 17
7000

7001

7002

7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012

7013

7014
7015
7016 18
 7000

7001

7002

7003
7004
7005

And we get a group of 7006

wiggly lines called a 7007

“log” 7008
7009
7010
7011
7012

7013

7014
7015
7016 19
Old Log

20
 Measurement Surveys Scale

Core
Seismic Log

25 mm

1 Km 1m 1 mm

50
m

300 Microscope
m

21
 3. Understanding of Log Analysis

The principal objectives of well log interpretation are the indentification of

reservoir porous zones containing hydrocarbons and the determination of the water
saturation using Archie’s equation – Djebbar Tiab & Erle C. Donalson 2004 :

22
Reservoir

23
 Logs Classification

1. Permeable/Reservoir Zone Logs.

Spontaneous Potential Log
(SP)
Gamma Ray Logs (GR)
2. Resistivity Logs.
Induction Logs
Lateralog
3. Porosity Logs.
Neutron Logs
Density Logs
Sonic Logs
24
4. Borehole Condition (Caliper )
DIsclaimer:
This presentation material only used for workshop and internal discussion, all source material taken from Essential of
Modern Open Hole Interpretation (John T. Dewan), Schlumberger Logging Tool books and related internet published sources
25