CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW

MORPHOLOGY

ARRANGED BY:

ANITA HIRAH (0304163207)

SITI MAISYARAH (0304163203)

LECTURER : RATNA SARI DEWI,SS,MA

CLASS : PBI-II / FOURTH SEMESTER

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHING TRAINING

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA

2018
 PREFACE

Praise and Gratitude we say for the presence of Allah SWT, for His grace and guidance
so that we can make and complete this critical book review task in good health. Not forgetting
also Shalawat and Salam always we devote to the lord of the great Prophet Muhammad SAW.

This task we arrange to set the course 'Morphology'. Our hope of the results of this
critical book review can be useful for anyone who reads it and in particular also on friends in
English education courses.

Thus this critical book review we compiled, we are aware that critical book review is still
very far from the word perfection. Therefore, constructive suggestions and criticisms are highly
desirable. Upon the attention of Lecturers and friends, thank you.

Medan, May 10,2018

Writer

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE…………………………………………………………......................................... 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................................... 3

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 4

CBR BOOK I

A. IDENTITY OF THE BOOK I…………………………………………………………….. 5

B. SUMMARY OF THE BOOK I…………………………………………………………… 5
C. ADVANTAGES OF THE BOOK I………………………………………………………. 8
D. DISADVANTAGES OF THE BOOK I………………………………………………….. 8

CBR BOOK II

A. IDENTITY OF THE BOOK II…………………………………………………………… 9

B. SUMMARY OF THE BOOK II………………………………………………………….. 9
C. ADVANTAGES OF THE BOOK II……………………………………………………... 10
D.DISADVANTAGES OF THE BOOK II…………………………………………………. 11

CHAPTER II
A. CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................. 12
B. SUGGESTION................................................................................................................... 12
C. REFERENCE..................................................................................................................... 12

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words and forms a core part of
linguistic study. The complication is a general introduction to morphology and morphological
analysis from to the point view a morphologist. The purpose is not to advocate any particular
theory or to give the truth (whatever that is), but rather to get you, the reader, to where you can
look for it by yourself. Still, it is inevtable that some of our remarks will be colored by our own
beliefs about linguistics and linguistics methodology.
We believe that languages differ from another. We try to approach linguistics analysis
with as open mind as possible, and to do this, it frist necessary to appreciate the uniqueness and
diversity of the world’s languages. Our sceond fondational blieve is the languages, which we can
write a small I, are different from language, with a capital L. The term ‘word’ is part of
everyone’s vocabulary. We all think we understand what words are. What’s more, we are right to
think this, at some level. In this book I will not suggest that our ordinary notion of the
word needs to be replaced with something radically different. Rather, I want to show how our
ordinary notion can be made more precise. This will involve teasing apart the bundle of
ingredients that go to make up the notion, showing how these ingredients interact, and
introducing ways of talking about each one separately. After reading this book, you will still go
on using the term ‘word’ in talking about language, both in everyday conversation and in more
formal contexts, such as literary criticism or English language study; but I hope that, in these
more formal contexts, you will talk about words more confidently, knowing exactly which
ingredients of the notion you have in mind at any one time, and able where necessary to use
appropriate terminology in order to make your meaning absolutely clear.
Morphology, the tudy of the internal structure of words, deals with the forms of lexemes
(inflection), and with the ways in which lexemes are formed (word-formation). New word are
made on the basic patterns of form-meaning correspondence between exisiting words.

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 CBR BOOK I
A. IDENTITY FOR BOOK I
Book Title : Teaching Material For Morphology
Author: Ratna Sari Dewi,SS,MA
Publication year: 2018
Thick Page: 105

B.SUMMARY OF THE BOOK I

In this book the discussion of morphology. The functions of Morphology the two basic
of morphological operation are:
1.The creation of new word.
2. Spelling out the appropiate from of a lexeme in a particular syntactic context.
An example of the first function,lexeme formation, the coining of the word bottle
factory from the existing lexemes bottle and factory . Morphology this provide means for
extending the set of word of a language in a systematic way.
The goal of morphology is the word morphology can be used in two ways: it refers to a
subdiciplines of linguistics, but it my also be used to refer to that part of the grammar of a
language that contains the rules for inflection and word-formation. The linguistics task to
describe and analyze the languages of the world as accurately and as insightfully as possible, The
morphological phenomena of language, and therefore need a set of tools for description. For
example, Morphology quite clearly shows that linguistic structure has two axes, a syntagmatic
axis and a paradigmatic one.
(category –charging lexeme formation)
V-N : amuse – amusement
V-A : impress – impressive
N-A : monster – monstrous
Some rules of lexeme formation do not change category, but the do add substantial new
meaning:
Meaning-changing lexeme formation

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A-a ‘negative A’ happy-unhappy
N-N ‘place where N lives’orphan-orphanage
V-v ‘repeat action’ wash-rewash
On the other hand, we sometimes use morphology even when we don’t need new
lexemes. For example, we saw the each lexeme can have a number of word forms. The lexemes
WALK has forms like walk,walks,walked,walking that can be used in different grammatical
context. Inflectional word formation is word formation that expresses grammatical distinctions
like number (singular vs plural) tense (present vs past), person (first,second,or third) and cas
(subject,object,possesive),among others.
Word a single wor can have multiple uses and interpretations. Occasionally a headline
writer underestimates this facts and end up writing side splitting headlines where no humor was
intended. Word that are made up of more than one morpheme, like the ones in (2), are called
complex:
(1) simplex word
Girrafe
Fraud
Murmur
Oops
Just
Pistachio
(2) comples words
Opposition – intellectual
Crystallize – prwash
Repressive – blackboard
Defining word phonologically is phonology the are of linguistics that is concerned with sound
regularities in languages what sound exist in a language, how those sounds combine with each
other into syllabes and word.
Grammatical word is the term grammatical word or morphosyntactic word, but it tends to be
used to refer specifically to different forms of a single word that occur depending on the
syntactic context.

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 Morphemes a major in which morphologist investigate word, their internal structure, and
how they are formed in through the idnetification and study of morphemes, often defined as the
smallest linguistics pieces with grammatical function.
Word formation derivation is formation of lexemes by means of
affixation,conversion,reduplication, and root-pattern morphology.
Inflectional varies from one language to another more than any other systematic aspect of
language. Inflection is the expression of morphosyntactic properties of lexemes.
The example os word+inflectional morpheme
Nouns : book+s
Fox +s
Verbs : read=s
Load+s
See+ s
Drink+s
So, inflection is the realization of morphosyntactic features through morphological means. In
order to fully understand inflection, we must sotuate in the grammar.
The interface between Morphology and Phonology morphological structure appread to
influence the phonetic forms of complex forms through princples of alignment that require
phonological boundaries to coincide with morphological ones,yet this alighnment is not perfect,
and there are many cases of asymmetry between morphological and phonological structure.
The interface between Morphology and Syntax the realtion must be dealth with from a
number of perspective. One is the demarcation of the two: when is a multi morphemic sequence
a word, and when is it phrase? The criterion of lexical integrity is the most important one for a
proper delimitation of morphology from syntax.
The interface between Morphology and Semantic the semantic interpretation of complex
word is governed by the general principle of compositionality.
Morphology in action consider the example in:
a. warm warmth
true truth
b. modern modernity
pure purity

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c. happy happiness
dark darkness
In each case, we have adjective and nouns that are derived from them (all cases of
transposition,by the way).

C. ADVANTAGES OF THE BOOK I

-Although the book is in a photocopy, but this book is very interesting to read.
- The price of this book is also not too expensive so it does not inhibit the desire of enthusiasts to
buy it.
- The most important of this book, especially as a student on the teacher faculty, this book can be
a reference for prospective teachers
- The pages in this book are also not too thick so readers want to read them when viewing this
book
- The author explains this book correctly, solidly and clearly.

D. DISADVANTAGES OF THE BOOK I

- This book is mostly explanation there are no tables and so there are only examples.
- Because his book in photocopy there is a part that does not appear writing.

- in this book there is no summary so that the reader does not know the key points of any
discussion.

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 CBR BOOK II
A. IDENTITY FOR BOOK II
Book Title : An Introduction to English Morphology : Words and Their Structure
Author: Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy
Publication year: 2002
Thick Page: 151

B.SUMMARY OF THE BOOK II

Morphology as meaningful building-blocks of language There is a clear sense, then, in
which words seem to be the buildingblocks of language. Even as adults, there are quite a few
circumstances
in which we use single words outside the context of any actual or reconstructable sentence. Here
are some examples:
• warning shouts, such as ‘Fire!’
• conventional commands, such as ‘Lights!’, Camera!’, ‘Action!’
• items on shopping lists, such as ‘carrots’, ‘cheese’, ‘eggs’.
It is clear also that words on their own, outside sentences, can be sortedand classified in
various ways. A comprehensive classification of English words according to meaning is a
thesaurus, such as Roget’s Thesaurus. But the kind of conventional classification that we are
likely to refer to most often is a dictionary, in which words are listed according to their spelling
in alphabetical order. Given that English spelling is so erratic, a common reason for looking
up a word in an English dictionary is to check how to spell it. But anothervery common reason is
to check what it means. In fact, that is what a dictionary entry basically consists of: an
association of a word, alphabetically listed, with a definition of what it means, and perhaps also
some information about grammar (the word class or part of speech that the word belongs to) and
its pronunciation. Here, for example, is a specimen dictionary entry for the word month, based on
the entry given in the Concise Oxford Dictionary (6th edition):
month noun. Any of twelve portions into which the year is divided. It seems, then, that a word is
not just a building-block of sentences: it is a building-block with a meaning that is unpredictable,
or at least sufficiently unpredictable that learners of English, and even sometimes native

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speakers, may need to consult a dictionary in order to discover it. We may be tempted to think
that this constitutes everything that needs to be said about words: they are units of language
which are basic in two senses, both
1. in that they have meanings that are unpredictable and so must be
listed in dictionaries and
2. in that they are the building-blocks out of which phrases and
sentences are formed.

This is a textbook for students of the English language or of English literature, not
primarily for students of linguistics. Nevertheless, what I say will be consistent with mainstream
linguistic views on wordstructure, so any readers who go on to more advanced linguistics will
not encounter too many inconsistencies.
A good way of teasing apart the ingredients in the notion ‘word’ is by explicitly
contrasting them. Here are the contrasts that we will be looking at, and the chapters where they
will be discussed:
• words as units of meaning versus units of sentence structure (Chapters 2,
6, 7)
• words as pronounceable entities (‘word forms’) versus more abstract entities (sets of word
forms) (Chapters 3, 4, 5)
• inflectionally related word forms (forms of the same ‘word’) versus derivationally related
words (different ‘words’ with a shared base) (Chapters
4, 5) • the relationship between the internal structure of a word and its meaning (Chapter 7)
• productive versus unproductive word-forming processes (Chapter 8)
• historical reasons for some of the contemporary divisions within English morphology,
especially Germanic versus Romance wordformation processes (Chapter 9).

C. ADVANTAGES OF THE BOOK II

1. Each chapter completes the conclusion
2. This book has a core of many explanations
3. The author wrote the book neatly
4. The author uses a language that the reader can understand

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D. DISADVANTAGES OF THE BOOK II
1. Each title of the discussion has too much explanation
2. The author combines the questions in the explanation so that it can confuse the reader

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 CHAPTER II

A. CONLUSION
The two books are great for everyone to read, especially for students currently in the
Teacher Training Faculty. Because these two books can be used as a reference or guidance in the
learning process.

B. SUGGESTION
The author must increase the creativity of the contents of the book for example the
author add a picture or table, in order to be understood and complete the curiosity of the reader to
explain

C. REFERENCES
Dewi, Ratna Sari. Teaching Material For Morphology, 2018.
McCarthy, Andrew Carstairs. An Introduction to English Morphology : Words and Their
Structure. Britania Raya:2002

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