Professional Documents
Culture Documents
© 2013 Ashcroft Inc., 250 East Main Street, Stratford, CT 06614-5145, USA, Tel: 203-378-8281, Fax: 203-385-0402, www.ashcroft.com I&M 008-10061-12/13 (250-1969-C)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Ambient Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Steam Pressure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Pressure Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Air Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
THEORY OF OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Input Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Flexure and Nozzle Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Pneumatic Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
TROUBLESHOOTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Troubleshooting Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
CALIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Regular Span Pressure Transmitters . . . . . . . 12
Relay Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
PARTS LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Ashcroft Pressure Transmitters, Series 4000 (refer to Fig. 1), nozzle; the supply nozzle sends a jet of air
are self-nulling, motion balance instruments. They utilize a across a gap to the collector nozzle, to
non-bleed force balance, pneumatic relay to convert input sense the motion of the lower edge of the
pressure into proportional low air pressure, for transmission vane assembly. The nozzles are mounted
to remote indicators or controllers. on a temperature-compensated flexure
leaf, which follows the lower edge of the
The Series 4000 operates independently of electrical power
vane assembly until the null condition is
and is not subject to interference from nearby power lines.
established.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the transmitter consists of the
d. A pneumatic relay, which senses pressure
following major components:
at the collector nozzle and controls the
a. A pressure-sensitive input element to low-pressure air, to establish output pres-
translate applied pressure into linear sure directly proportional to the pressure
motion. applied to the input element.
b. A vane assembly, mounted on the free end e. A feedback bellows, actuated by output
of the input element, to provide a positional pressure, to position the nozzle assembly
reference which moves vertically to follow so that It follows the lower edge of the
the change in input pressure. vane assembly, maintaining a balanced
pneumatic circuit.
c. A nozzle assembly, which together with the
vane assembly establishes the null condi- f. In indicating transmitters, a standard
tion, accurately balancing output pressure Ashcroft movement, linked to the input ele-
against input pressure. This assembly ment, to drive the pointer of a gauge
comprises a supply nozzle and a collector mounted on the face of the instrument.
g. An air actuated dash pot is provided on all
pressure transmitters of 100 psig range or
below.
PRESSURE SENSITIVE
BOURDON TUBE ADJUSTING
VANE DISC
ASSEMBLY
NOZZLE
ASSEMBLY
FLEXURE
LEAF
FEEDBACK
BELLOWS
PNEUMATIC
SUPPRESSION RELAY
SPRING
MOUNTING
BRACKET
INSTALLATION
Mounting Steam Pressure Measurement
Ashcroft pressure transmitters are designed for bracket When a transmitter is used for steam pressure measurement,
mounting (refer to Fig. 4), to ensure free action of all compo- a siphon filled with water must be installed between the line
nents, thereby maintaining accurate calibration. The transmit- and the input element. When the system is subject to occa-
ters may be pipe mounted, wall mounted or stem mounted. sional vacuum, provide a length of piping which cannot be
Typical methods of mounting are shown in Figures 4 and 5. emptied by the vacuum. Install a drain cock or plug at the bot-
Applicable dimensions are given in the illustrations. tom of this leg to provide for cleaning out sediment. Refer to
the Calibration section for the method of zeroing the transmit-
For most trouble-free performance, transmitters should be
ter to compensate for the “head” effect of introducing the con-
mounted vertically. Some loss of accuracy may result from
densate water leg.
angular mounting; this may be minimized by recalibration after
mounting. Pressure Connection
The transmitters have been designed to withstand severe pul- The process pressure connection is the center connection at
sation and vibration. However, in keeping with good instrument the bottom of the transmitter. Always use a wrench on the flats
practice, it is recommended that they be installed so as to min- of the process connection to avoid applying strain to socket
imize vibration and pulsation. mounting screws and the internal mechanism.
Ambient Conditions
Ashcroft transmitters are temperature compensated for the
normal range of ambient temperatures. Extremes of ambient
CAUTION
temperature may result in inaccuracies. The transmitter should
not be subjected to temperatures exceeding 150˚F. If the
process temperature will exceed this limit, install a diaphragm
seal or suitable length of pipe to protect the transmitter from
excessive temperatures. If very low temperatures will be Avoid piping strains in accordance with good installation prac-
encountered, make certain to eliminate any possibility of mois- tice except in the case of stem mounting, it is preferable to use
ture in the air lines. Condensation and vaporization of moisture flexible tubing for the last length of piping leading to the
in air lines cause unpredictable variations in accuracy. For low transmitter.
ambient temperature installation, a case heating device is rec-
ommended.
TUBING WITH
BENDS FOR
FLEXIBILITY.
WALL OR FOR STEAM, A
COLUMN SYPHON MUST
BE USED WITH
THE TUBING. ADJUSTABLE
BRACKET
UNION
BRACKET 1
⁄2˝
1
⁄4 NPTF AIR
MAY BE SUPPLY AND
CONNECTION OUTPUT ON STEAM LINES A
REMOVED CONNECTIONS SYPHON MUST BE USED.
ON HIGH TEMPERATURE
2˝ PIPE LINES TWO FEET OF
SUPPORT POST PIPE SHOULD BE USED
TO INSURE COOLING OF
THE LIQUID. TUBING IS
SHUT-OFF 1
⁄2˝ OR RECOMMENDED IN
PLACE OF PIPE ABOVE
VALVES LARGER PIPE THE VALVE.
CENTER OF SUP-
PORT TO CENTER
OF PIPE LINE
ADJUSTABLE
BETWEEN 51⁄16˝ SHUT-OFF VALVE
PIPE LINE AND 1213⁄16˝
PIPE LINE
NOTES:
PULSATIONS SHOULD BE DAMPENED BY SUITABLE THROTTLING DEVICES. PIPE SUPPORT
AS USED ON PRESSURE GAUGES AND LISTED IN THE ASHCROFT GAUGE
ACCESSORY CATALOG
DIAPHRAGM SEALS MAY BE INSTALLED DIRECTLY TO THE TRANSMITTER OR GOOD INSTALLATION PRACTICE DICTATES THAT THE INSTALLATION SHOULD BE FREE OF VIBRATION AND PIP-
WITH A CAPILLARY LINE. (BOURDON TUBE ELEMENTS ONLY. ING STRAIN. IF THERE IS VIBRATION IN THE PIPE LINE. THE 2˝ PIPE SUPPORT SHOULD BE MOUNTED ON
SOME INDEPENDENT MEMBER AND THE PRESSURE CONNECTION TO THE TRANSMITTER SHOULD BE TUB-
SUPPLY AND OUTPUT AIR CONNECTIONS ARE 1⁄4 NPT FEMALE. ING WITH SUFFICIENT FLEXIBILITY TO DAMPEN THE VIBRATION.
DRAIN OR VENT VALVES SHOULD BE INSTALLED ABOVE THE SHUT OFF
VALVE ON HIGH PRESSURE GAS OR DANGEROUS LIQUID INSTALLATIONS.
Figure 4. WaIl and Stem-Mounted Pressure Transmitter Installation Figure 5. Pipe-Mounted Pressure Transmitter Installation
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Air Connections
Connect the LOW pressure instrument air SUPPLY to the 1⁄4
female NPT connection, marked SUPPLY, at the left of the
process pressure connection. The instrument air is to he
clean, dry, and liquid free. Connect the remote equipment
line to the 1⁄4 female NPT connection, marked OUTPUT, at
the right. The use of metal or plastic tubing in place of piping
is strongly recommended. It is important that the transmitted
airline be free of leaks: the use of metal or plastic tubing
reduces the possibility of leaks. The supply air pressure
required for 3-15 psi transmitted range is 18-20 psi.
The supply air pressure required for 3-27 psi transmitted
range is 30-35 psi.
Any number of pneumatic receivers may be connected to the
transmitted air line. However, the total length of the transmit-
ted air line should not exceed 1000 feet, or the speed of
response will be reduced. Response speed versus line length
for various sizes of tubing Is shown In Figure 6.
RESPONSE TIME
50
45
40
TIME REQUIRED TO CHANGE
RECEIVER INDICATION 100% BI
NG
35 . TU
˝ I.D
TIME IN SECONDS
3 ⁄16
G
30 BIN
. TU
D
˝ I.
1 ⁄4
25 BIN
G
TU
˝ I.D.
5 ⁄16
20
15
10
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
FEET OF TUBING
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THEORY OF OPERATION
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TROUBLESHOOTING
GeneraI Note: Since most pressure take-offs are dead end service,
with resultant cooling, it is unlikely that the transmitter
Many complaints of faulty transmitter operation have, on
itself will be subjected to temperatures exceeding
investigation, proven to be due to faulty installation. For this
150°F, except in extreme cases.
reason, the following possible causes of trouble should be
considered whenever trouble develops after a new installa- f. If very low temperatures are encountered, care must
tion or change in conditions: be taken to eliminate any possibility of moisture in the
air lines.
Note: To facilitate maintenance and adjustment, the trans-
mitter should be mounted to provide easy access. g. For all installations, both the transmitter and the
receiver should be checked together, as a unit, before
a. In critical installations where the pressure tap is at a
operation.
different elevation from the transmitter, correction
must be made for liquid “head” or ‘’leg.” Troubleshooting Procedures
b. Supply air should be filtered and dried. To assist in correcting installation or operational deficiencies,
refer to the following listing of possible troubles and suggest-
c. Supply air pressure should be within the specified
ed corrective actions
ranges.
d. The transmitter should be mounted vertically, to
ensure correct action of components and to maintain CAUTION
calibration position. If angular mounting is necessary,
the transmitter should be recalibrated in the position
Dash pot is air actuated. Do not use oil.
to be used, in order to ensure maximum accuracy.
e. Extremes of ambient temperature should be avoided.
The transmitter should not be subjected to tempera-
ture above 150°F. If process temperatures exceed this
limit, protect the transmitter by means of a siphon or
diaphragm seal.
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Figure 8. Indicating and Non-Indicating Pressure Transmitter, Series 45-C4080 and Series 45-C4480
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CALIBRATION
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PARTS LIST
ITEM NAME OF ASSEMBLY OR PART PART NO. QTY. ITEM NAME OF ASSEMBLY OR PART PART NO. QTY.
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Global Headquarters
Ashcroft Inc.
250 East Main St.
Stratford, CT 06614-514
Phone: 203-378-8281
All specifications are subject to change without notice. All sales subject to standard terms and conditions.
© 2013 Ashcroft Inc., 250 East Main Street, Stratford, CT 06614-5145, USA Tel: 203-378-8281, Fax: 203-385-0402, www.ashcroft.com
I&M 008-10061-12/13 (250-1969-C)