Professional Documents
Culture Documents
11. What are the different operating regions foe an MOS transistor?
_ Cutoff region
_ Non- Saturated Region
_ Saturated Region
The current between drain and source terminals is constant and independent of the applied voltage
over the terminals. This is not entirely correct. The effective length of the conductive channel is actually
modulated by the applied VDS, increasing VDS causes the depletion region at the drain junction to grow,
reducing the length of the effective channel.
29. What are the various etching processes used in SOI process?
Various etching process used in SOI are,
1) Isotropic etching process
2) Anisotropic etching process
3) Preferential etching process
The combination of Silicon and tantalum is known as Silicide. It is used as gate materials in polysilicon
interconnect.
nMOS pMOS
A section of p-type separating 2 n-type silicon A section of n-type separating 2 p type silicon
Turns ON with the gate at logic 1 Turns ON with the gate at logic 0
Majority carriers are electrons Majority carriers are holes
Good transmission of logic 0 Good transmission of logic 1
In n-type enhancement MOS a narrow region of p-type substrate is covered by a layer of SiO2. In n-type
depletion substrate a lightly doped n-region is diffused between the two heavily doped source and
drain.
___________________________________________________________________________
34. Which MOS can pass logic1 and logic 0 stongly?
p-mos can pass strong logic 1
n-mos can pass strong logic 0.
The parameter which gives the quantitative measure of how stable the inputs are with respect to
coupled electromagnetic signal interference.
NML = Vil-Vol
NMH = Voh-Vih
Rise time is defined as the time for a waveform to rise from 10% to 90% of its steady-state value.
Fall time is defined as the time for a waveform to fall from 90% to 10% of its steady state value.
_________________________________
41. What is meant by continuous assignment statement in verilog HDL?
A continuous assignment assigns a value to a net. The syntax is assign_LHS target = RHS _ expression;
Ex: assign Z = (A I B) ;
A task is like a procedure, it provides the ability to execute common pieces of code from several
different places in a description
44. Mention the four key words used for looping in verilog
Functions always return a single value. They cannot have output or in-out arguments. Tasks don’t return
a value, but can pass multiple values through output and inout arguments.
46. Specify the operator which have highest and lowest precedence.
– ׀binary or
~ – Unary negation
^ – Exclusive –or
~ ^ – Exclusive –nor
& – and
48.Give the examples for procedural statement.
Loop statement , Wait statement
Conditional statement, Case statement
50. Blocking and non-blocking statements differ in executing the statements . How?
Blocking statements are executed in the order in which they are specified in a sequential block. “= “is
the operator used to specify blocking assignments.
Non blocking statements allow scheduling of assignments without blocking execution of the statement
that follow in a sequential block. “<=” is the operator used to specify non blocking assignment.