Question 1

4 −1 3 1
𝐴 = [6 2 −1] 𝑏 = [ 0 ]
3 3 2 −1

𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴1 (𝑏)) 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴2 (𝑏)) 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴3 (𝑏))

𝑥= 𝑦= z=
det 𝐴 det 𝐴 det 𝐴

2 −1 6 −1 6 2
det 𝐴 = 4 | | − (−1) | | + 3| |
3 2 3 2 3 3

det 𝐴 = 4(4 − (−3)) + 1(12 − (−3)) + 3(18 − 6)

det 𝐴 = 79

1 −1 3
A1 (𝑏) = [ 0 2 −1]
−1 3 2

1 3 1 −1
det 𝐴1 (𝑏) = 0 + 2 | | − (−1) | |
−1 2 −1 3

det 𝐴1 (𝑏) = 2(2 − (−3)) + 1(3 − 1)

det 𝐴1 (𝑏) = 12

4 1 3
A2 (𝑏) = [6 0 −1]
3 −1 2

1 3 4 1
det 𝐴2 (𝑏) = − 6 | | + 0 − (−1) | |
−1 2 3 −1

det 𝐴2 (𝑏) = − 6(2 − (−3)) + 1(−4 − 3)

det 𝐴2 (𝑏) = − 37
 4 −1 1
A3 (𝑏) = [6 2 0]
3 3 −1

−1 1 4 1
det 𝐴3 (𝑏) = − 6 | | +2| |−0
3 −1 3 −1

det 𝐴3 (𝑏) = − 6(1 − 3) + 2(−4 − 3)

det 𝐴3 (𝑏) = − 2

12 −37 −2
𝑥 = 79 𝑦= 𝑧=
79 79
Question 2

2 −1 5 3 𝑅1 ↔𝑅3 5 2 4 1 𝑅1 −𝑅2 1 0 3 0
[4 2 1 1] → [4 2 1 1] → [4 2 1 1 ]
5 2 4 1 2 −1 5 3 2 −1 5 3

𝑅2 −4𝑅1 1 0 3 0 𝑅3−2𝑅1 1 0 3 0 𝑅2 +𝑅3 1 0 3 0

→ [0 2 −11 1] → [0 2 −11 1] → [0 1 −12 4]
2 −1 5 3 0 −1 −1 3 0 −1 −1 3

𝑅3 +𝑅2 1 0 3 0 −𝑅3+𝑅2 1 0 3 0 𝑅1 −3𝑅3 1 0 0 9

→ [0 1 −12 4] → [0 1 −12 4 ] → [ 0 1 −12 4]
0 0 −13 7 0 0 1 −3 0 0 1 −3

𝑅2 +12𝑅3 1 0 0 9 3𝑅3 +𝑅1 1 0 0 9 1𝑅3 1 0 0 9

3
→ [0 1 0 −32] → [0 1 0 −32] → [0 1 0 −32]
0 0 1 −3 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0

Rank = 3 n=4

By rank theorem, the number of free variables:

4−3=1
Question 3

1 1 2 4 𝑅2 −2𝑅1 1 1 2 4
[2 4 −3 |−6] → [0 2 −7 |−14]
3 6 −5 3 3 6 −5 3

𝑅3 −3𝑅1 1 1 2 4 2𝑅3 −3𝑅2 1 1 2 4

→ [0 2 −7 |−14] → [0 2 −7 |−14]
0 3 −11 −9 0 0 −1 24

−𝑧 = 24

𝑧 = −24

2𝑦 − 7𝑧 = −14

2𝑦 − 7(−24) = −14

𝑦 = −91

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 4

𝑥 − 91 + 2(−24) = 4

𝑥 = 143
Question 4

(a) Augmented matrix:

1 1 −1 2
[1 2 1 | 2]
1 1 (𝑎2 − 5) 𝑏

1 1 −1 2 𝑅2 −𝑅1 1 1 −1 2
(b) [1 2 1 | 2] → [0 1 2 |0]
1 1 (𝑎2 − 5) 𝑏 1 1 (𝑎2 − 5) 𝑏

𝑅3 −𝑅1
1 1 −1 2
→ [0 1 2 | 0 ]
2
0 0 (𝑎 − 5) 𝑏−2

i. No solution

𝑎2 − 4 = 0

(𝑎 + 2)(𝑎 − 2) = 0

𝑎 = −2 , 𝑎 = 2

ii. Unique solution

𝑎2 − 4 ≠ 0

(𝑎 + 2)(𝑎 − 2) ≠ 0

𝑎 ≠ −2 , 𝑎 ≠ 2

iii. Infinitely many solution

𝑎2 − 4 = 0

(𝑎 + 2)(𝑎 − 2) = 0

𝑎 = −2 , 𝑎 = 2

𝑏−2=0

𝑏=2