Subject index

ablative, Latin referring to present, 343

reflexes in Romance of, 97 adverbs, 14, 118, 153, 180
absolute time, 406 deictic, 131
absolute-relative, 377 derivational, 132
accomplishments, 305 deverbal, 115
with ‘almost’, 307 direction, 130, 132, 170
achievements, 304 domain, 136, 153, 159, 160
with ‘almost’, 307 duration, 128, 129, 134, 174
actionality (Aktionsart), 14, 277 evaluative, 142, 148
actionality, stative, 437 event-oriented, 135, 142, 145,
active voice 160
expression of resultativity, 357 participant-oriented, 142
activities, 288 frequency, 128, 140, 141, 164,
with ‘almost’, 307 167, 174
adjective, 138 intensifying, 166
adjective modifier(s), 153, 160, 162, modal, 117, 135, 141, 149–151,
164, 165 160, 164, 168, 173
adjectives, 110
place, 139, 168
Romance, 289
quantity, 134, 174
adjuncts, 136
sentence, 110, 134, 137, 154, 159,
adverb phrase, 111, 172
171, 173
adverbials, 14, 19
setting, 160, 171, 173
in Proto-Indo-European, 94
space, 167
indicating gradability, 311
semantic roles of, 20 speaker-oriented, 150, 151, 160
adverbials, Latin speech act, 136, 154, 155, 159
distribution of plain cases in, 87 time, 164, 167, 168
distribution of PPs in, 87 time-setting, 128
adverbials, roles of agency, 9, 283
semantic map of, 100 Latin, 292
temporal Aktionsart, 15
completive, 302 Anatolian, 283
durative, 288, 302 “anterior continuing”, 347
durative indicating determinate anteriority, 378, 426
duration, 448 anteriority opposition
referring to past, 343 blurring of, 422, 428

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526 Subject index

aorist cause, 60
Greek, 343 control, 44
complexive, 406 diachronic considerations, 68
gnomic, 413 force, 47
imperfect translation of, 487 instrument, 51
subjunctive, 378 intentionality, 44
optative, 393, 394 intermediary, 57
PIE, 393 typological considerations, 66
subjunctive, 377 causation, domain of
archaic language, 365 mapping of space on, 68
archaism, 11 causatives
area, 84 Latin, 293
limits of quality, 85 Celtic, 283
topic, 84 circumstantial(s), 123, 132
argument structure, 111, 177, 179, 181 clause(s)
argument(s), 110, 123, 125, 130, 132, adverbial, 250
133, 172, 173, 176, 178, 180 causal, 257
articles complement, 244
Greek, 304 concessive, 250
aspect, 15, 193, 277 conditional, 246
aspectual adverb(s), 129, 139 consecutive, 250
aspectual distinction purpose, 250
Slavic, 285 subordinate, 257
atelicity, 303 temporal, 257
colloquial Latin, 382
background(ing), 439, 441
beneficiary, 73 comitative
behalf, 75 accompaniment, 79
diachronic considerations, 77 attendant circumstances, 80
malefactive, 75 diachronic considerations, 82
prototypical, 74 prototypical, 79
typological considerations, 76 typological considerations, 81
comparative(s), 120, 122, 139, 179,
case, 180 180
case-governing adverb(s), 177, 178 conditional
cases in Proto-Indo-European Romance, 405
syntactic/semantic functions of, conjugational classes
94 Latin, 284
causal approach, 67 connective, 117, 155
causal roles, 44 control, 291
agent, 44 conversion(s), 117, 119, 120, 138, 182

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 Subject index 527

coordinated, 128, 183, 184 external quantifier, 140

coordination, 111, 128, 167, 172, 173,
175, 176 fictive motion, 26
“current relevance”, 343, 354 focalizers, 109
focus, 125, 172, 292
dative, Latin
fini-transformative, 310
the space of, 99
initio-transformative, 310
deictics, 137
on internal stages, 312
denominal, 115, 116, 118
frequency, 117, 135
denumeral, 141, 175
frozen forms, 118, 119
denumeral adverbs, 116
derivational adverbs, 132 fuit quondam ‘once upon a time there
derivational affixes, 111 was’, 472
derivational suffix, 181 Functional Grammar, 135, 150
derivations, 117, 120, 138, 139, 155 future, 342
diminutives, 121, 122 future participle + esse, 403
discourse marker(s), 156, 158 future perfect, 344, 377
disjunct(s), 20, 135, 136, 160 passive, 385
downgraders, 161, 162
Dreigliedrigkeit (three partedness), 39 generative grammar, 2, 5
duration, 117, 128 German, 112, 148
durativity, 305 Germanic, 283
Dutch, 112 gerund, 368
dynamicity, 288 gerundive, 368
governance, 180
Early Latin, 427 government, 89
English, 110, 112, 113, 134, 136, 140, gradation, 111, 119
142, 148, 152, 160, 161, 179 grade, 179, 180
epistolography grammarians
tenses in, 409 Caesar, 368
evaluation, 111 Priscian, 329
evaluative prefixes, 123
Quintilian, 365
event-oriented evaluation, 146, 163
Varro, 341
event-oriented evaluative adverb(s),
grammaticalization, 111, 159, 161,
135, 145
178, 181, 182, 184, 185, 226
evidentials, 197
evolution into Early Romance
formal aspects of, 95 hypercorrection, 327
semantic aspects of, 96
experiencer, 78 illocutionary, 110, 136
“experientiality”, 354 illocutionary force, 197

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528 Subject index

imperative perfect passive, 366

future, 352 present, 363
present, 352 present passive, 366
imperfect inflected, 120
Greek, 439 inflection, 113–115
indicating comprehensive information structure, 125, 126
overview, 477 ingressivity, 462
overlap wth perfect, 486 intensification, 162–164
passive, 407 intensifier(s), 161, 166
polite requests, 408 internal and external quantification,
Romance, 459 174
verbs of saying, 408 internal quantifier, 140
with durative temporal adverbials interpersonal level, 136, 150, 158, 159
indicating anterior intransitivization, 324
continuing, 447 Italian, 137, 141, 179
with durative temporal adverbials iterativity, 294
indicating
pluri-occasionality, 448 Late Latin
literary, 321
with durative temporal adverbials
Late Vulgar Latin, 321
with negation, 450, 469
Latin cases
imperfect, conative
syntactic functions of, 87
alleged use of, 467
lexicalization, 118, 148
imperfect, indicative
location adverbs, 131, 132, 137
counterfactual, 410
of modal verbs, 409 manner, 85, 124, 149
imperfect, ingressive manner adverb(s), 112, 114, 124,
alleged use of, 466 127–129, 132, 133, 145,
imperfect, subjunctive 160–162, 170, 173–175, 183
posterior, 411 manner predicate adverbs, 154
referring to past, 412 mediopassive
referring to present, 412 Greek, 293
imperfective description, 444 merger
imperfective paradox, 467 of PIE aorist and perfect, 282
inceptive, 292 middle
Indo-European, 114, 115, 118 PIE, 295
Indo-European linguistics, 4 middle voice, 9
infectum, 281 modal
infinitive adjectives, 210
future, 386 adverbs, 210
perfect, 365 forms, 208

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 Subject index 529

markers, 211 momentaneousness, 306

operators, 196 mood, 13, 14, 197
particles, 211 finite, 202
system, 207 imperative, 202
verbs, 212 indicative, 202
modal meanings/functions injunctive, 204
ability, 214 nonfinite, 202
certainty, 240 optative, 205
deontic, 194 subjunctive, 202
desiderative, 237
dubitative, 243 narrative, 471
epistemic, 194 negation, 127, 134, 144, 149, 200, 264,
exhortative, 234 392
inference, 215 negator, 150
intention, 232 Neogrammarian approach, 5
jussive, 234
optative, 7
manipulation, 233
PIE, 377
necessity, 194
oratio obliqua, 259
obligation, 215
order(s), 131, 133
permissive, 214
ordering, 125, 134
possibility, 194
potential, 237 participant-oriented evaluative adverbs,
predestination, 223 135, 142, 144, 146, 163
prediction, 223 participles
prohibitive, 234 future, 386
realis/irrealis, 194 perfect, 426
uncertainty, 249 indicating simultaneity, 368
volitive, 205 present, 363
modality, 13, 14, 193 particles
epistemic, 391 PIE, 284
epistemic objective, 136 partitive genitive
event, 194 Greek, 304
evidential, 152 partitives
objective, 150, 151, 155 prepositional phrases, 332
participant-external, 213 Romance, 332
participant-internal, 213 perfect, 279
propositional, 194 comprehensive, 406
mode, 201 generic past tense, 480
modifiers, 110 Greek, 343
adverbials, 19 ingressive, 300

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530 Subject index

overlap with imperfect, 486 indicating future, 395

overlap with pluperfect, 415 replace synthetic tense forms, 503
passive periphrases, imperfect
absolute, 419 Romance, 496
anterior, 419 phrasal (sub-sentential) phenomena, 13
passive voice – resultative use, pluperfect, 344
350 deponent
present sense absolute, 422
Greek, 344 anterior, 422
Latin, 344 overlap with perfect, 415
sigmatic, 300 passive, 429
stative, 300 pluperfect, indicative
subjunctive, 377 indicating counterfactuality, 417
with durative temporal adverbials, of modal verbs, 417
447 pluperfect, subjunctive
perfect, future in indirect speech, 385
absolute-relative, 384 referring to anterior past, 418
aspectual, 384 referring to past, 418
in main clauses, 379 referring to simultaneous past,
in subordinate clauses, 380 418
perfect, indicative used as imperfect subjunctive, 434
counterfactual, 410 pluri-occasionality, 441
objective conditional clauses with poetic language, 349
durative adverbs, 355 polysemy, 26
of modal verbs, 409 posteriority, 385
perfect, ingressive postquam + present, 346
alleged use of, 465 PPS
perfect, past internal structure of, 89
overview of past situation, 440 predicate adverb(s), 110, 123–125,
perfect, present, 353 128, 130, 136, 149, 155, 173,
perfect, subjunctive 174
gnomic use of, 412 predicate modification, 144, 153
referring to future, 412 predicate modifier(s), 127, 135, 141,
referring to past, 411 143, 146, 148, 159, 182
perfective, 279 predicative, 138
perfects, compound predicative adjective(s), 113, 170, 176
Romance, 361 prefixes
perfectum, 281 actional
change of state, 300 change in function, 336
periphrases, 357 Gothic, 285

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 Subject index 531

Latin, 285 progressivity, 438, 491

loss of, 327 prohibitions, 365
aspectual propositional, 135
Russian, 285 Proto-Italic, 11
completive, 317 purpose
continuative, 317 allative markers, 70
Greek, 287 cause expressions, 70
intensive, 296 diachronic considerations, 73
perdurative, 319 typological considerations, 72
poetic use of, 286
Romance, 339 quantity adverb(s), 134, 174
sociative, 295 quantity/intensification, 128
spatial, 295
present
reanalysis, 115, 159
historical, 348
reflexive
imperfect character of, 345
Romance, 293
indicating “anterior continuing”,
representational level, 136, 159
347
resultativity, 350
indicating future, 375
Romance, 110–113, 119–121, 161,
passive voice – resultative use,
179, 181, 182, 184
350
replacing perfect, referring to
future, 349 Sardinian, 182
present, indicative satellite(s), 123, 135
objective conditional clauses, 351 scope, 109, 110, 127, 134, 139–141,
of modal verbs, 351 144, 147, 149, 150, 174
present, subjunctive semantic bleaching, 162, 181, 183, 184
hypothetical conditional clauses, semantic maps, 226
351 semantic order
referring to present, referring to typological considerations, 39
future, 351 semantic overlap, 321
preverbs semantic roles
of Indo-European, 89 diachronic considerations, 41
principal tense, 363 direction, 28
priusquam with future perfect, 377 location, 23
productivity, 112, 114–119, 123, 138, means, 54
140, 142, 156, 163, 179, 181, path, 37
182 source/origin, 32
progressives spatial coding of, 40
Romance, 370 semelfactive, 305

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532 Subject index

semimodal prohibitive, 399

forms, 210 suffixes
markers, 211 adverbial, 185
sentence modification, 144, 149 adverbializing, 184
sentence modifier(s), 130, 137, 139, intransitive, 324
140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 163 PIE, 284
sentence-oriented, 163 -sco, 284
sequence of events, 342, 355 stative, 321
sigmatic futures, 378 transitive, 324
sigmatic optatives, 393 suffixes, actional, 290
simple future, 375 suffixes, iterative
simultaneity, 362 Latin, 295
Slavic, 283 suffixes, stative
spatial expressions Latin, 289
syntactic functions of, 22 superlative, 120, 138, 179
speech act(s), 136, 154, 200 supine, 369
speech-act adverb(s), 154, 155 synthetic future
state of affairs, 135, 137, 150, 158 Romance, 398
states, 288
telicity, 302
non-permanent, 486
temporal setting, 139, 158
permanent, 486
tense, 14, 193, 278
with ‘almost’, 309
future, 236
states, past
imperfect, 242
non-permanent, 460
past, 242
permanent, 459
perfect, 241
viewpoint opposition of, 455 pluperfect, 242
stativity, 290 present, 242
status, 197 tenses
structural asymmetries, 7 absolute–relative, 342
subject-oriented, 144 historical, 424
subjunctive, 7 principal, 424
subjunctive, imperfect relative, 342
indicative sequence of, 342
formation of, 405 textual connectors, 109, 137, 156
prospective, 388, 403, 405 time quantifiers, 175
subjunctive, perfect Tocharian, 283
potential, 389, 399 transitivity, 9
prohibitive, 399 typological variation, 7
subjunctive, present
potential, 389, 399 univerbation(s), 13, 118, 183

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 Subject index 533

verbal system verbs, reflexive

of Greek, 282 Romance, 327
of Latin, 282 viewpoint, 277
of Proto-Indo-European (PIE), perfective, 279
279 viewpoint (aspect), 15
verbs viewpoint system
change-of-state, 297 of Greek, 437
deponent, 295 of Russian, 437
stative, 289
transitive
passive use of, 292 word order, 124, 137

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Index of classical references

The index of classical references contains textual information on classical

works cited in the text. Latin authors and their works are abbreviated accord-
ing to the conventions of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (ThLL). Citations
of early authors, especially those preserved in fragments, may vary. Since
there is no standardized set of abbreviations for Greek, we have listed classi-
cal Greek authors by their full Latin name, preceded by a fully recognizable
abbreviation (e.g. Xen. = Xenophon). Greek works are abbreviated so as to
be maximally transparent to non-specialists. Biblical authors and works are
included in the index, though other non-classical texts such as El Cid or Don
Quixote are omitted.

Afran. Apic.
com. 11, 53
9, 242 Apul.
Alex. = Alexis met.
15, 489 2,7, 140
Ambr. 4,28, 474
in Luc. 4,31, 128
4 line 15, 431 6,26, 127
in psalm. 8,16, 168
38,34,2, 326 8,17, 162
118 serm. 20,7, 400 11,20, 448
off. 11,24, 166
1,50,204, 404 mund.
Amm. 23, 140
16,2,10, 432 Aristoph. = Aristophanes
16,6,3, 328, 477 Plut.
17,1,8, 497 437, 347
19,12,3, 140 Arnob.
20,6,5, 481 nat.
22,3,6, 481 1,33, 435
22,16,17, 329 Arnold. Lub.
27,12,11, 323 Greg.
28,1,49, 481 2,10,19–22, 481

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536 Index of classical references

Ascon. 23, 400

tog. cand. Aur. Fronto
77, 21–22, 152 epist. ad M. Caes.
Aug. 1,6,4, 354
bapt.
2,1,2, 436 Bell. Afr.
bon. coniug. 88, 90
25,33, 491 Bell. Hisp.
civ. 2,2, 419
2,3, 479 Brut.
15,2, 480 Cic. ad Brut.
17,5, 403 11,2, 127
conf. Cic. epist.
3,7,12, 121 11,20,1, 138
6,16, 403 Cael. ap. Cic.
8,6,14, 147 epist.
9,11, 329 8,8,4, 360
5,6 in., 483 Caes.
cons. evang. civ.
3,25,84, 484 1,6,3, 30
epist. 1,10,1, 313
28,4, 403 1,26,4, 386
40,3, 436 1,35,1, 33
62,1, 403 1,41,1, 422
fid. et op. 1,70,3, 306
12,18, 402 1,74,2, 425
in psalm. 1,80,1, 129
21,2,28, 398 3,15,4, 408
36 enarr. serm. 1,11, 401 3,18,5, 416
58,2,9, 171 3,26,4, 408
68 serm. 2,8, 335 3,101,4, 421
mor. Manich. Gall.
2 col. 1375 line 41, 490 1,3,4, 414
ord. 1,6,1, 37
1,6,16, 328 1,8,4, 246
1,7,19, 478 1,15,1, 424
serm. nov. 1,20,5, 44
10D (162C) par. 11, 437 1,22,3, 179
spec. 1,25,1, 426
7, 436 1,27,3, 454

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 Index of classical references 537

1,29,1, 305, 443 Calp.

1,30,1, 370 ecl.
1,31,4, 43 4,97–98, 300
1,31,11, 387 Cassian.
1,32,3, 364 conl.
1,52,4, 129 3,2,1, 339
2,6,4, 416 Cato
2,12,1, 177 agr.
3,8,1, 51 2,1, 177
3,13,9, 49 5,4, 427
3,18,6, 346 20,1, 294
3,19,3, 29 24,1,1, 225
3,28,4, 125 42, 87
4,14,5, 311 77–78, 53
4,16,1, 419 96,1, 297
4,28,2, 179
108,2, 138
4,29,1, 246
141,2, 394
5,3,2, 85
or. frg. 221, 303
5,3,6, 368
orig.
5,9,4, 45
5,7, 256
5,9,6, 467
Catull.
5,14,2, 350
1,1, 243
5,20,4, 125
5,43,5, 464 8,5, 46
5,46, 20 8,8, 74
5,50, 20 13,1–2, 28
6,9,7, 363 34,23, 138
6,9,8, 426 35,14–15, 313
6,12, 85 62,53–56, 413
6,32,1, 29 67,35–36, 79
7,12,1, 177 67,37, 242
7,13,3, 23 85,1, 345
7,26,2, 387 101,1, 38
7,45,5, 38 Cels.
7,47,3, 32 2,10,17–19, 292
7,48,4, 127 3,21,10, 141
7,50,6, 465 3,23,6, 175
7,68–69, 460 7,6,2, 129
8,54,1, 45 7,15,1, 360

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538 Index of classical references

Chiron 11,10,2, 162

65, 396 12,4,2, 184
307, 372 12,23,3, 134, 409
Cic. 13,14–15,2, 150
ac. 13,19,3, 306
2,3, 417 13,28,2, 410
2,10, 308 13,31,2, 357
2,16, 457 13,40,2, 171
2,59, 406 13,47, 458
2,127, 155 14,1,1, 470
3,7, 252 14,2, 410
ad Q. fr. 14,10,2, 366
1,1,32, 376 14,18,1, 166
Att. 15,26,4, 310
1,2,1, 125 16,4,1, 177
1,11,3, 171 16,13,1, 253
1,17,2, 148 16,16A,2, 320
2,7,3, 132 Brut.
2,11,2, 382 167,7, 153
3,5,1, 176 308,6, 141
3,10,2, 174 18, 394
3,15,6, 463 65, 369
3,19,1, 380 79, 472
4,1,1, 155 96–97, 472
4,3,5, 409 101, 161
4,17,4, 242 144, 359
5,10,3, 124 226, 300
5,21,4, 470 236, 164
6,1,25, 161 237, 445
6,9,1, 171 332, 356
7,4,2, 289 Caecin.
8,12,2, 470 3, 54
9,6,3, 458 Catil.
9,9,2, 145 1,9, 51
9,10,3, 155, 170 1,19, 254
9,14,1, 464 1,22, 412
10,4,1, 22 1,32, 80
10,11,4, 138 2,11, 379
10,18,1, 424 2,12, 309
11,7,6, 65 3,16, 452

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 Index of classical references 539

4,19, 307, 308 19,2, 254

Cato 21, 428
4, 78 66, 25
8, 391 dom.
25, 74 75, 432
28, 61 101, 460
33, 393 111, 420
38, 291 112, 420
Cluent. 117, 36
22.61, 57 130, 85
81, 424 epist.
de orat. 1,1,1, 58
1,72, 445 1,2,1, 43
1,144, 158 1,4,2, 59
1,150, 129 1,5b,2, 59
1,170, 445 1,9,17, 418
1,182, 425 2,15,5, 38
1,187, 420 3,8,3, 28
1,205, 166 3,8,10, 177
1,208, 376 3,10,7, 359
2,2,33, 382 3,11,4, 165
2,85, 379 4,13,7, 357
2,127, 184 5,19, 378
2,249, 169 6,3,4, 383
2,259, 166 6,11,2, 165
2,265, 133 7,19,1, 417
3,18, 298, 305, 312 8,14,4, 411
3,144, 128 8,15,2, 381
dic. 9,7,1, 439
1,21, 86 11,5,1, 344, 406
div. 12,10,3, 254, 417
1,52, 367 13,23,1, 126
1,74, 422 13,29,4, 419
2,1, 361 13,31,1, 126
2,85, 361 13,73,2, 230
2,127, 348 14,1,3, 381
2,149,10, 183 14,2,1, 154
248, 155 16,5,1, 122
div. in Caec. 16,7, 81
2, 344 16,9,4, 235

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540 Index of classical references

fat. 29, 352

6, 387 54,2, 246
40, 149 74, 153
fin. 98, 125
1,8, 418 leg.
1,10,35, 382 1,3, 151
1,13,42, 412 2,33, 163
1,72, 425 3,8, 389
2,12, 153 Lig.
2,17, 153 18, 262
2,19, 133 24, 467
2,41, 262 Manil.
2,97, 362 25, 411
3,7, 364, 414 59, 60
3,8, 148, 170 Marcell.
4,7, 164 4, 391
4,11, 359 Mil.
4,41, 180 16,43, 54
5,8, 356 32.14, 152
5,27, 145 37, 309
Flacc. 98, 335
26,63, 49 99, 383
59,3, 143 nat. deor.
33, 386, 425 1,33, 414
51, 378 2,23, 293, 313
52, 150 2,65, 169
har. resp. 2,124, 293
47, 453 2,138, 298
inv. 2,143, 361
1,5, 155 2,159, 351
1,31,53, 351 3,17, 362
1,36, 386 off.
1,44, 156 1,68, 48
1,46, 351 1,100, 376
1,86, 46 1,114,2, 235
1,109, 290 1,136, 176
2,154, 162 2,2, 453
Lael. 2,43, 376
8, 169 3,25, 412
10, 150, 391, 426 3,112, 162

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 Index of classical references 541

orat. 5, 143
22,74, 225 26–27, 24
41, 367 rep.
122, 149 1,9,2, 152
133, 446 1,16, 368
228, 180 2,4, 345
p. red. in sen. 2,10, 429
26, 411 3,16,2, 249
parad. 3,45, 391
41, 392 6,16, 407
44, 382 S. Rosc.
Phil. 4, 217
3,38, 175 15, 71
4,15, 416 74, 470
5,27,12, 144 Sest.
7,17, 133 3,10, 463
8,16, 126 40, 463
8,23, 425 100, 352
10,8, 425 Sull.
10,13, 369 21, 387
12,2,4, 60 66, 56
Pis. 84, 391
11, 433 top.
26, 179 67, 133
79, 445 Tull.
Planc. 23,53, 56
84, 355 Tusc.
prov. 1,4, 446
19, 310 1,15, 376
41, 87 1,18, 129
Q. Rosc. 1,42, 298
3, 385 1,57, 361
8, 291, 336 1,70, 151, 171
Quinct. 1,72, 447
28, 175 1,77, 442
61, 87 2,5,14, 256
96, 25 2,45, 347
Rab. perd. 2,52, 355
19, 351 2,56, 258
Rab. Post. 3,34, 146

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542 Index of classical references

3,75, 144 II 4,148, 164

3,14–15, 376 II 5,37, 222
4,44, 258 II 5,96, 350
5,3, 292 II 5,107, 362
5,6, 162 II 5,141, 423
5,12, 391 II 5,146, 35
5,20,59, 443 II 24,63, 81
5,35, 172 II 61,150, 55
5,82, 180 CIL
5,118, 352 I 551, 33
Verr. I2 .581.3, 365
I 1,23, 25 Cod. Theod.
I 1,45, 25 4,8,8, 337
I 12, 363 9,40,17, 335
I 15, 320 Col.
II 1,2, 356 1,6 codd. 75, 77, 86, 371
II 1,45, 36 Colum.
II 1,66, 349, 474 2,4,3, 176
II 1,72, 84 2,9,5, 162
II 1,98, 35 8,11,11, 372
II 2,86, 179 Comm.
II 2,172, 439 apol.
II 2,179, 36 707, 434
II 2,183, 36 Conc.
II 2,185, 35 Agath.
II 2,192, 167 a. 506 p. 225, 401
II 3,71, 359 Curt.
II 3,75, 35 8,3,7, 183
II 3,107, 238
II 3,168, 145 Diod. Sic. = Diodorus Siculus
II 3,181, 223 4,60,4, 466
II 3,204, 75
II 4,10, 457 Enn.
II 4,15, 346 ann.
II 4,38, 347 484, 81
II 4,39, 475 scaen. inc.
II 4,59, 307 402 ap. Cic. off. 2,23, 366
II 4,87, 310 trag.
II 4,95, 134 105, 145
II 4,117, 296 270, 183

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 Index of classical references 543

Euseb. = Eusebius 3,1, 499

hist. eccl. 3,7, 396
4,26,7, 488 3,9, 397, 429, 433
7,30,5, 491 3,12, 499
3,15, 496
Filastr. 3,25, 496
29,9, 436 3,31, 496
150,9, 395 3,35, 433
Firm.
4,13, 430
math.
4,16, 431
1,10,14, 323
4,31, 431
1 praef. 4, 323
4,45, 396
Flor.
4,51, 434
epit.
3,5,23, 296 5,5, 486
Fredegar 5,6, 485
chron. 7,10, 435
1,14, 487 7,22, 373
2,53 p. 73, 405 8,15, 488
2,62 p. 85, 399 8,25, 488
2,62 p. 87, 405 8,42, 434
3,11 p. 96, 435 9,5, 489
4,37 p. 138, 435 10,31, 488
Frontin. Mart.
aq. 1,16, 399
1,6, 44 2,54, 485
vit. patr.
Gell. 3,1, 373
7,16,2, 122
13,11,1, 361
15,3,1, 362 Her. = Herodotus
17,2,16, 146 2,157, 462
17,17,2, 133 2,174, 462
18,2,14, 402 Hier.
Germ. adv. Iovin.
386, 310 1,45 fin., 477
Greg. Tur. epist.
Franc. 10,3,2, 335
2,3, 485 117,12, 490
2,7, 370 in Os.
2,40, 490 2,9 line 145, 490

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544 Index of classical references

in psalm. 125,15, 297, 442

20, 329 220,3, 384
in Soph.
3,19, 323 Ioh.
tract. 1,6, 45
p. 514 line 247, 431 Isid.
Hippocr. = Hippocrates orig.
aphor. 20,3,1, 324
1,3, 326 Itala, cod. d.
4,48, 321 Ioh.
Hirt. 21,8, 52
Gall. Itin. Alex.
8,2,54, 388 116 (790), 485
Hist. Apoll. Itin. Eger.
2,1, 398
red. A 34, 430
3,4, 429
red. A 48, 430
11,1, 430
red. A 51, 430
11,3, 36
Hist. Aug.
12,9, 430
1,16,7, 396
13,2, 429
24,12,7, 321
13,4, 436
Hom. = Homerus
16,6, 430, 495
Od.
19, 489
17,208, 460
25,7, 327
19,222–223, 357
36,2, 71
Hor. 36,3, 372
ars 38,15, 75
343, 413 iud.
carm. 12 ap. Lucif., 372
3,27,40-42, 38 Iul. Vict.
sat. rhet.
1,1,70–71, 296 p. 3 line 4, 490
1,4,123, 35 Iulian.
2,7,47, 180 dig.
Hrotsv. 23,4,21, 404
Abr. Iust.
3,11, 481 13,7,1, 429
Mar.
212, 481 Joseph. = Josephus
Hyg. antiq.
fab. 2,9,2 (209), 494

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 Index of classical references 545

2,13,1 (277), 480 4,51,6, 475

1,6,5 (149), 480 4,55,8, 49
3,2,1 (40), 495 4,56,6, 359
3,2,3 (48), 403 4,56,8, 348, 475
5,4,11, 64
Lact. 5,6,4, 26
inst. 5,20,1, 364
1,15,21, 400 5,36,8, 64
4,27,14, 329 6,8,6, 456
ira 6,28,5, 21
7,1, 336 6,36,1, 146
mort. pers. 7,10,5, 163
14,5, 495 7,25,6, 71
Liutpr. 7,34,13, 358
Antap. 9,4,12, 241
2,28 p. 51 3–6, 481 9,19,3, 449
Liv. 9,37,12, 445
1,8,7, 45 10,29,2, 183
1,17,10, 46 21,33,11, 307
1,21,6, 462 21,44,6, 392
1,23,3, 79 22,26,4, 144
1,23,6, 455 22,32,2, 470
1,27,1, 451 22,60,14, 375
1,32,1, 426 23,19,10, 442
1,34,2, 465 23,24,3, 176
1,49,1, 462 24,4,9, 369
2,10,2, 411 24,29,3, 486
2,18,2, 50 24,34,13, 415
2,20,8, 165 24,48,11, 179
2,30,12, 176 24,48,13, 465
2,40,8, 418 25,9,3, 168
2,43,9, 242 25,10,6, 463
2,50,10, 411 25,33,1–3, 448
2,64,10, 21 26,46,10, 464
2,65,2, 26 27,30,2, 442
3,11,13, 86 28,31,3, 349, 474
3,15,7, 467 28,40,13, 358
3,31,6, 81 28,45,4, 386
3,33,5, 29 29,6,15, 442
3,70,8, 464 29,7,6, 179

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546 Index of classical references

30,17,12, 175 Macr.

30,27,10, 421 sat.
30,30,27, 390 2,1,15, 490
31,47,6, 147 Mar. Victorin.
32,5,11, 39 defin.
32,9,8, 257 p. 37,3, 329
32,26,2, 419 Marcell.
32,35,2, 450 med.
33,6,9, 289, 302 1,62, 65
33,32,3, 469 Mart.
34,4,10, 470 2,79,2, 359
34,14,9, 453 4,33, 409
34,22,4, 450 12,36,7, 155
35,19,4, 448 Mart. Cap.
36,14,9, 168 1,2, 338
36,28,6, 350 Matth.
36,42,5, 305 1,22, 57
37,19,3, 386 27,38, 26
37,40,10, 180 mon. Ancyr.
39,9,6, 422 6,2, 458
39,17,3, 365 20,3, 458
41,23,10, 465 28,2, 458
42,9,3, 74
42,13,7, 423 Nep.
45,24,8, 449 Ages.
45,41,6, 319 4,4, 302
Luc. Att.
cod. 5 19,4, 398 4,4, 294, 444
cod. 5 19,20–21, 488 12,3, 448
Lucif. Dat.
reg. apost. 2,1–3, 461
9 line 1, 495 Ham.
Lucr. 4,2, 415
1,26–27, 43 Hann.
1,232–233, 221 5,3, 168
2,606, 423 5,4, 453
2,979–981, 220 7,4, 442
4,658–660, 221 9,2, 368
6,597, 139 10,4, 257

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 Index of classical references 547

Pel. Ov.
2,5, 339 am.
5,3, 454 3,5,6, 65
Phoc. 3,11b,35, 345
1,2, 257 ars
Them. 1,285, 351
1,2, 457, 459 1,602, 183
1,3, 443 3,133, 265
2,2, 468 epist.
2,5, 457 3,65, 291
3,2, 458 5,54, 291
6,1, 461 fast.
Nic. Dam. = Nicolaus Damascenus 2,181, 422
11, 466 3,369, 442
NT= Novum Testamentum met.
act. 3,600–601, 292
16,12, 482 9,472, 288
16,17–18, 483 9,600–601, 418
26,23, 395 14,570–571, 427
Ioh. 15,331, 255
3,22–23, 493 15,451–452, 180
10,14–15, 337 Pont.
1,7,55, 410
10,40, 493
3,4,79, 352
11,1–3, 494
trist.
Luc.
3,10,1, 290
4,31, 494
5,12,59, 155
4,44, 494
1,5,57–60, 451
13,10–13, 494
23,9–10, 497
Pacuv.
Marc.
trag.
1,21–24, 494
30 ap. Non. p. 507,24, 378
Matth.
325 ap. Non. p. 74,30, 378
12,40, 482
305, 289
Pallad.
Optat. 1,28,3, 372
4,7,4, 436 Paneg.
Oribas. 12,2,1, 429
syn. Pass. Perp.
7,48, 373 5,1, 404

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548 Index of classical references

Paul. Diac. 322, 222

Hist. Lang. 393, 214
1,16, 481 501, 215, 389
1,19, 481 533, 257
Petron. 594–595, 219
27,6, 410 965, 133
33,8,3, 220 1011–1014, 27
34,6, 422 1031, 222
44,10, 36 1056, 247
45,9, 383 1058, 239
45,10, 382 1060, 239
46,3, 383 1090–1091, 81
49,6, 382 Asin.
50,7, 383 118–119, 215
51,1, 470 329, 131
59,2, 473 373, 375
61,7, 154 381–382, 216
64,6, 164 392, 263, 409
88,5, 417 393, 242
111,1, 473 418, 237
Phaedr. 447–448, 301
1,15,4–6, 468 606, 375
Plat. = Plato 636, 217
Protag. 718, 246
321d, 464 743, 320
Plaut. 833–834, 214
Amph. 906, 63
17, 247 918–919, 355
17–18, 376 931, 263
28, 34 938, 409
39–40, 215 Aul.
78, 224 148–150, 393
112, 131 173–174, 352, 393
120, 345 247–248, 65
146–147, 218 334, 131
180, 25 380–381, 412
219, 80 566, 296
268–269, 225 617, 131
314, 320 718, 255
316, 225 742, 412

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 Index of classical references 549

828, 366 714–715, 315

830, 338 Curc.
Bacch. 225, 33
105, 290 359–360, 298
224, 239 526, 353
515, 47 660, 375
580, 214 Epid.
745, 247 148, 392
832–834, 39 157, 131
857, 353 200, 308
907, 131 363–365, 64
Capt. 414–416, 75
4, 130 541, 24
17–18, 416 563–564, 415
61, 308 588, 243
77, 303 597–598, 315
232–233, 346 Men.
283, 226 29, 456
360, 31 30, 296
535, 243 234, 346
551, 232 328, 236
575, 456 332, 131
701–702, 63 428–429, 312
941–942, 239 429, 320
960, 176 471–472, 385
Cas. 504–505, 317
333, 255 695–697, 170
424–426, 390 1001, 52
607, 390 Merc.
634, 245 186, 150
642, 232 295, 291
786–787, 380 570, 131
977, 235 586–587, 378
998, 131 669, 344, 352
Cist. 787–788, 353
135–6, 138 884, 409
555, 264 939, 343
571, 75 946, 295
574, 428 959, 63
635–636, 316 962–963, 349

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550 Index of classical references

989, 219 112–113, 367

993, 412 118, 308, 421
Mil. 257, 131
52–53, 254 534, 304
305, 243 837, 39
384, 33 872, 365
496, 243 993, 392
582–583, 303 1029, 367
725, 428 1038, 367
799a, 295 1219–1220, 254
952, 57 Pseud.
994, 131 16, 229
1037, 253 82, 387
1213–1214, 376 135, 167
1346, 291 171, 421
1428, 354 507–509, 383
Most. 510–514, 379
389–390, 132 756–757, 80
390, 179 952, 291
470, 356 1208, 130
553, 320 Rud.
559, 375 35, 33
588, 288 266, 121
610, 290 305, 394
772, 239 574–575, 313
1087–1088, 348 574–578, 314
1131, 76 578, 378
Persa 640, 246
84, 255 846–847, 456
145–146, 256 984, 301
200, 131 1298, 46
293, 246 1394, 294
319, 246 Stich.
385, 168 1–3, 451
467, 131 93, 298
645, 263 503–504, 215
799–800, 219 516–517, 414
Poen. 539–340, 473
93–94, 414 Trin.
108–109, 294 346–347, 358

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 Index of classical references 551

710, 380 50,3, 440

864, 294 Cic.
905, 142 22,4, 407
909, 92 Them.
Truc. 1,1, 459
42–43, 92 Porph.
91, 33 Hor. epist.
164–165, 453 2,1,17, 398
217–218, 452 Prop.
357, 173 1,1,15, 427
589–590, 63 2,9a,3–8, 451
682, 346 Ps. Quint.
812–813, 217 10,13–14, 469
817, 300, 463 278,8, 156
852, 145 psalm.
880, 130 38,3 ap. Vita Anton. 27 (41,7), 479
903–904, 304 Vet. Lat. cod. 136
916, 369 38,3, 479
Plin. Vet. Lat. cod. 300
nat. 38,3, 478
4,30, 184
7,4, 156 Quint.
7,181, 138 decl. min.
12,33, 310 267,5, 384
16,130, 314 275,2, 402
18,175, 167 inst.
19,76, 132 1,9,2, 338
20,96, 120 3,7,26, 180
26,30, 122 4,5,13, 411
Plin. 6,3,88, 251
epist. 10,3,9, 139
1,14,10, 126 11,3,144, 350
5,5,1–2, 442
6,16,8, 438 Rhet. Her.
6,29,10, 166 2,41, 156
Plutarch 3,15, 174
Ant. 3,18, 161
84,7, 407 3,35, 162
Caes. 3,38–39, 157
32,8, 360 4,68, 157

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552 Index of classical references

Rufin. 108,1, 128

hist. 110,4, 383
4,26,7, 488 112, 84
7,30,5, 491 Scrib. Larg.
Orig. in num. 161, 448
16,7, 483 Sen.
Ag.
Sall. 295, 349
Catil. benef.
5, 62
2,18,3, 156
5,1, 34
4,40,5, 169
6,1, 464
6,31,4, 134
9, 28, 76
10,1, 62 contr.
11, 42 1 praef. 19, 449
13, 78 2,2,3, 384
25, 85 7, pr.1, 141
31,5, 45 7,7,10, 450
34,1, 259 dial.
36,1, 297 5,18,3, 459
42, 87 9,1,2, 345
44,1, 57 epist.
51,4, 175 2,2, 176
51,5, 71 47,4, 463
53,5, 48 50,5,5, 155
57,7, 426 54,1, 166
Iug. 75,11, 156
1,1, 143 100,10, 165
5,4, 43
103,5, 38
8,1, 472
nat.
14,15, 420
5,16,3, 295
24,2, 20
26,1, 66 7,1,1, 184
28,2, 455 Phaedr.
31,28, 257 882, 312
35,1, 472 Septuagint (LXX)
35,9, 305, 447 Dan.
35,10, 387 10,11, 497
54,7, 446 psalm.
61,5, 388 38,3, 478

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 Index of classical references 553

Sidon. Tac.
epist. Agr.
8,6,6, 337 37,4, 66
Sil. ann.
6,469, 183 1,3, 76
Sort. Sangall. 2,6, 257
7,1, 327 3,44, 146
Stat. 16,21,1, 438
Theb. dial.
6,230–231, 336 41,4, 175
Suet. Germ.
Aug. 5,1, 62
72,1, 448 Ter.
78,1, 448 Ad.
78,2, 297 24–25, 293
Claud. 45, 132
302, 311
21,6, 387
453, 131
Iul.
582–583, 236
32–33, 360
784–786, 303
37,2, 440
896, 390
46, 441
Andr.
Nero
9, 306
51, 442
177–178, 415
Tib. 322, 253
65,2, 451 345, 172
Tit. 408, 28
2,1, 179 418, 245
5,3, 255 460, 239
Vesp. 542–543, 418
12, 143 Eun.
Sulp. Sev. 107–110, 440
chron. 175, 176
2,49,8, 434 328–330, 148
Symm. 432–433, 466
epist. 568–569, 423
5,89, 477 732, 290
5,89,1, 328 984–985, 360
rel. Haut.
3,10, 401 30, 393

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554 Index of classical references

340, 249 1,134,1, 460

423–424, 293 3,51,4, 447
775–777, 172 3,64,3, 470
1030, 34 4,1,3, 449
Hec. 5,5,1, 461
161–162, 358
304, 222
Val. Max.
421–423, 456
3,3, 424
443, 389
Varro
459–461, 453
ling.
572–573, 317
5,84, 423
623–624, 126
5,102, 314
660–661, 468
rust.
727, 428
1,32,1, 302
757, 65
812–813, 416 1,35,2, 393
845–846, 416 1,45,3, 293
Phorm. 1,49,1, 301
364–365, 369 Veg.
531–532, 364 mil.
654–656, 155 3 praef, 339
862–867, 348, 474 mulom.
942–943, 466 2,15,2, 396
1007, 298 201,26, 53
Tert. Vell.
adv. Marc. 2,39,1, 408
2,6, 180 Verg.
4,40, 397 Aen.
5,13,3, 398 1,29–32, 452
6,2, 163 1,439, 369
anim. 2,325, 407
35,1, 397 2,664, 349
idol. 3,282–283, 366
2,5, 337 4,696–697, 62
praescr. 5,451, 32
11,2, 395 6,84–86, 427
resurr. 6,203, 299
23, 154 12,38, 300
Thuc. = Thucydides ecl.
1,24,1, 470 9,43, 249

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 Index of classical references 555

georg. 16,17–18, 483

3,26, 34 20,13, 396
Vet. Lat. codd. 2, 50, 76 21,14, 332
act. 20,13, 396 26,23, 395
act. 26,23, 395 Dan.
Virg. gramm. 10,11, 497
epist. gen.
3,9, 328 2,16–17, 331
Vita Hugb. 17,1, 434
p. 485 line 12, 492 I par.
Vitae patr. 2,17, 487
3,14, 498 I reg.
3,21, 498 13,28, 333
3,216, 487 Ier.
Vitr. 51,8, 333
2,3,2, 298 II par.
2,4,3, 312 21,20, 487
5,12,4, 302 24,1, 487
6 praef. 4, 366 II Petr.
7,5,4, 366 3,11, 372
9,1,6, 319 III reg.
praef. 11,26, 487
3, 421 IV reg.
Vlp. 4,14, 321
dig. Ioh.
48,19,6, 328 3,22–23, 493
Vopisc. 10,14–15, 337
Prob. 10,40, 493
14, 6, 127 11,1–3, 494
VSPE = Vitas Sanctorum Patrem 20,17, 365
Emeritensium Ion.
1,4, 429 2,1, 482
4,7,3–4, 429 Is.
4,10,8, 486 17,5, 371
Vulg. lev.
1 Cor. 16,27, 178
9,7, 334 Luc.
act. 1,24, 481
15,13, 328 4,31, 494
16,12, 482 4,44, 494

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556 Index of classical references

12,39, 404 Xen. = Xenophon

13,10–13, 494 anab.
13,12, 436 1,1,1, 454
19,4, 398 1,2,9, 449
19,20–21, 488 1,10,10, 439
22,49, 53 4,1,14, 449
23,9–10, 497 4,5,7, 450
Marc. 6,6,5, 461
1,5, 492 Cyr.
1,21–24, 494 5,5,22, 469
10,19, 400 Hell.
14,30, 395 3,1,10, 453
14,60–61, 478 4,4,15–16, 454
14,70, 395
7,1,6, 450
Matth.
12,4, 333
12,40, 482 Zeno
24,43, 404 1,5,11, 148
psalm. tract.
38,3 ‘Iuxta LXX’, 478 1,34,8, 483
Ruth
1,18, 332

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