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Class 12 Chemistry Notes – Methods of

preparation of Alcohols
October 19, 2013 by Anand Meena — 0 Comments

From Haloalkanes:-

When HaloAlkanes (alkyl halides) are heated with aqueous sodium or Potassium Hydroxide, they
forms alcohols

From Alkenes:-

Alcohols can be produced from Alkenes by their Hydration, by passing alkenes through
concentrated H 2SO4 and then hydrolysis with boiling water gives alcohols.

Mechanism: – it involves following steps

(i) Electrophilic attack by hydroxyl union on alkenes gives a carbocation intermediate :-

(ii) Nucleophilic attack by water on 20 carbocation

(iii) Deprotonation or loss of proton to form alcohol

From Hydroboration – oxidation :- B2H6 (Diborane) if C- deficient molecule it acts as an

electrophilic and react with alkenes to form trialkylborates which on subsequent oxidation with
alkaline H2O2 gives alcohols

From Carbonyl Compounds:-

By reduction of aldehyde and ketones.

R – CHO reacting with H2/Ni or Na/ C2H5OH giving R – CH 2 OH.

o
 Aldehyde or LiAlH4 or NaBH4 1o alcohol

By reduction of Carboxylic acids and esters:-

From Oxy-Mercuration DeMercuration of alkene:-

By simple addition of water to alkene reagent used in this process is mercuric acetate

Form Grignard Reagents:-

Regents are alkyl or aryl magnesium halides (R – MgX)

Process:-

Basic magnesium halide

Example : From aldehyde gives alcohol

Hydrolysis of ester

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