Reservoir Modelling for Field Development

Plan (FDP)
For HWU

Mohd Fadzil Harun

Personal Profile
Education: Master of Petroleum Eng, Herriot-Watt University, U.K
B. (Hons.) Eng Electrical Eng, Vanderbilt University, U.S

Professional Experience:
Aug. 2018 – Onwards Program / Sustainability Manager, Integrated Operations (IO), Schlumberger Eastern Hemisfere
Jan 2017 – Aug. 2018 Enhanced Oil Recovery Team Lead, Integrated Operations, Schlumberger Eastern Hemisfere
Jan. 2016 – Jan. 2017 Reservoir Engineering Manager, Schlumberger – South East Asia

Schlumberger-Private
Sept. 2015 – Jan 2016 Senior Reservoir Engineer, Project, Schlumberger – Malaysia, Brunei & Philippines
2 Projects (INTERSECT Deployment and History Matching Project for PETRONAS)

2014 – Sept. 2015 Senior Reservoir Engineer, Field Development Project, Genting Oil and Gas,
Kasuri, Indonesia and Cheng Dao Xi, China
3 Projects (Gas and Oil Field Development)

2012 – 2014 RE Business Manager, Schlumberger - Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar

3 Projects (Well Placement, History Matching, Condensate)

2008 – 2012 Senior Reservoir Engineer / Lead Instructor, Schlumberger – South East Asia Geomarket
4 Projects (Well Optimizations, Geothermal, Petrel RE Workflows, MoRes)
Lead Instructor for ECLIPSE/ECLIPSE Advanced, Petrel RE, PVTi, SCAL

2003 – 2007 Lecturer/Instructor, UTP

RE and Drilling/Production

2001 – 2002 Subsurface Engineer, Exxonmobil

Workover and Completion, Guntong and Seligi Field 2
Field Development Planning
(FDP)
What is Field Development Plan – FDP
Field development plans (FDPs) give you the best technical solutions for field optimization. FDPs comprise
all activities and processes required to develop a field: environmental impact, geophysics, geology, reservoir and
production engineering, infrastructure, well design and construction, completion design, surface facilities, and
economics and risk assessment
 Schlumberger

Schlumberger-Private
Plan of Development (POD) is the plan for development one or more oil and gas field in an integrated
manner to develop and optimize production of the hydrocarbon with consideration of technicals, economics and HSE
elements.
 National Operating
 Field Development
Worldwide E&P CAPEX spend more than
USD $600 Billion…

A better perspective…

Schlumberger-Private
= 400 KLCC Twin Tower

= >2,000,000 dream sport cars

= >3x Singapore (GDP)

Source: Barclays Capital

 Value Lost During Field Development

 159 of 160 projects, achieved peak production was less than estimated

 42% of fields suffered major operability problems in the first year of

production

 40% of projects overrun schedule and budget

 Loss of $30B a year project cost over-runs
SPE 2010: Making Good Decisions
 Field Development: Planning is key!

Appraisal Concept Design Execution

Good Project
Value

Poor Project

Value Identification Value Realization

Field Development
Appraisal Concept Design Execution

Determine size and contents of tank

•Reservoir structure, connectivity, properties and extent
•Hydrocarbon type and distribution
•Associated uncertainty
•Asset economics
Field Development
Appraisal Concept Design Execution

Evaluate Development Option

• Predicted production profiles
• Number and location of wells
• Facility options
• Uncertainty
• Asset economics
Field Development
Appraisal Concept Design Execution

Detailed Design
• Well plans
• Right sizing of facilities
• Production forecast
• Optimization of the plan
• Impact of uncertainty
Field Development
Appraisal Concept Design Execution

Construct & Operate

• Drilling and completion
• Real time data
• Model update
• Refine the plan
FDP - Its an Integration..

Production Engineering
Well , production network and surface facilities

Schlumberger-Private
Reservoir Engineering
Fluid movement with in the reservoir and recovery prediction

Geosciences
Defines shape, size and reservoir properties
Reservoir Modeling
Why do we do Modeling?

Schlumberger-Private
What is Reservoir Modeling

The process of mimicking or inferring the behavior of fluid flow in subsurface /

geological reservoir systems through the use of physical or mathematical models,
which are programmed and solved using computers.

Schlumberger-Private
Why Reservoir Modeling?

• Recovery predictions
– How much is recoverable?
• Financial analysis

Schlumberger-Private
– What is the Net Present Value?
• Production strategy definition and optimization
– How to recover? What is the appropriate facilities?
• Risk management
– How to avoid early water breakthrough
• Reservoir management
Typical Reservoir Modeling Process

Geological
Interpretation

Schlumberger-Private
Prediction and Geologic Modeling
Uncertainty Depth conversion
analysis

Reservoir
Simulation
Geologic Modeling –
Facies & Petrophysical

Simulation
Pre-processing
Reservoir Modeling – in a nutshell

Schlumberger-Private
Scale of observations
well
A lot of Uncertainties
Cores: 1D or 2D at subsurface level.
Logs: 1D

Schlumberger-Private
Repeat formation testing: 2D

Multiprobe formation testing:

2D, 3D, or 4D

Well testing: 2D

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 Log (m) 19 10/18/2018

Core Samples – Example

Schlumberger-Private
Formation Tester Example
Radius of investigation=
420 ft from classical equation

Schlumberger-Private
Reservoir Testing – Standard Set Up

Schlumberger-Private
Reservoir Testing – Standard Set Up

Schlumberger-Private
What are the Input?
Reservoir grid model
geometry, properties
Porosity, Permeability,
NTG, Sw
Fluid & Rock description
composition, flow behaviour,
initial conditions
Wells and production system
locations, completions,
production and injection rates
Calculate pore volumes,
transmissibilities, depths,
non-neighbour connections
Schlumberger-Private
Initialize saturations,
pressures, temperature,
fluids-in-place
Define well model and
surface facilities, advance
through time and calculate
flows and pressures
Geological Finding & Review - Example

Operators has to explain the geological findings with the latest geological data with
the supports of seismic, logs, core, cutting analysis to come up with the geological
descriptions

Schlumberger-Private
Depositional Environment

Schlumberger-Private
Geological Finding & Review - Example

Schlumberger-Private
Depositional Model Stratigraphic Column

Hydrocarbon Generation & Migration Schematic Play type

Geomodelling - Example

Schlumberger-Private
Top Map Bottom Map
Types of Simulation Model Grids

Schlumberger-Private
What are the Input?
Reservoir grid model
geometry, properties
Porosity, Permeability,
NTG, Sw
Fluid & Rock description
composition, flow behaviour,
initial conditions
Wells and production system
locations, completions,
production and injection rates
Calculate pore volumes,
transmissibilities, depths,
non-neighbour connections
Schlumberger-Private
Initialize saturations,
pressures, temperature,
fluids-in-place
Define well model and
surface facilities, advance
through time and calculate
flows and pressures
Fluid Input

The fluid is essential for:

Reservoir modeling

Schlumberger-Private


 Completion design
 Production planning
Why study PVT?
 Knowledge of fluid behavior in reservoir, well and at the surface
 Over a wide range of pressures, temperatures and compositions
Transport
Refining

Schlumberger-Private
Surface Seperation Sampling
Gas Injection
(Re-cycling)

Sampling
Multi-Phase
Flow

Miscible/Immisicible
Displacement

Sampling Pressure Decline

Saturation Change

Near Wellbore Blockage

 Schlumberger-Private
PVT Data QC
What are the Input?
Reservoir grid model
geometry, properties
Porosity, Permeability,
NTG, Sw
Fluid & Rock description
composition, flow behaviour,
initial conditions
Wells and production system
locations, completions,
production and injection rates
Calculate pore volumes,
transmissibilities, depths,
non-neighbour connections
Schlumberger-Private
Initialize saturations,
pressures, temperature,
fluids-in-place
Define well model and
surface facilities, advance
through time and calculate
flows and pressures
Production Profile - Example

Schlumberger-Private
Case Studies
Hurricane – Highly Fractured Basement Reservoir

 Description/Challenge
– Massive presence of faults and fractures
– Large permeability contrast

Schlumberger-Private
 Business case
– Robust field development decision
– Multiple realizations for sensitivity analysis

 Solution/Result
– Increased confidence in results
– High-resolution to capture
• Geological features
• Impact on dynamic behavior
TOTAL – Very Large and Heterogeneous SAGD Model Simulated in Hours

 Description/Challenge
– Canadian Oil Sands, 1 M cP visocity
– 1.7M cells, 9 SAGD well pairs

Schlumberger-Private
– 3y production/injection history
– History match (HM) a very heterogeneous model

 Business case
– Increase the RF, and expand SAGD project

 Solution/Result
– 3.5h simulation time with 16 way parallel
– Reliable and fast HM
– Optimized profitability
PEMEX – Achieves Faster, More Detailed Simulations

 Description/Challenge
– Improve simulation speed
– More detailed subsurface characterization

Schlumberger-Private
 Business case
– Prepare drilling plan and new well locations
– Increase oil production over next 2y

 Solution/Result
– High resolution DPDP model with unstructured grid
– Accurate modelling of fluid contacts movement and near wellbore effects
– Extended life of field with optimal operating conditions
– Maximizing the value of the asset
Chevron – Sharpened Performance Outlook for Major Gas
Project
 Description/Challenge
– Giant natural gas field with very large grid
– Optimize forecasts for a better business case

Schlumberger-Private
 Business case
– Maximize reliability of field performance forecasts for a JV decision

 Solution/Result
– Fast screening and well placement optimization for increased RF
– 50 fold speed-up in simulation time
• Massive productivity gain for more comprehensive studies