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ACHING

sore; throbbing with pain.


Example: "the cool air was a relief to my aching head“

BURNING
very keenly or deeply felt; intense. It is also used on medical term as a type of
pain, e.g: burning pain
Example: I felt a burning pain on my chest last night

DULL
lacking in force, intensity, or sharpness
Example: A dull ache

EXCRUCIATING
intensely painful.
Example: "excruciating back pain"

INTENSE
Synonymous with severe: (of something bad or undesirable) very great; intense.
Example: I had an intense stomachache yesterday

PERSISTENT
continuing to exist or endure over a prolonged period
Example: Those with persistent muscle cramps should seek medical attention.

SCALDING
very hot; burning. In medical terms, burning pain experienced during urinating.
Example: I felt a scalding sensation when I pissed last night

SEVERE
(of something bad or undesirable) very great; intense.
Example: “I had a severe pain on my leg last night"

SHOOTING
moving through part of your body in sudden painful bursts
Example: I've been having shooting pains in my leg

SPASMODIC
affected by involuntary jerky muscular contractions; resembling a spasm
Example: “his body made a spasmodic jerk”

THUNDERCLAP
something sharp, loud, or sudden like a clap of thunder
Example: I had a thunderclap headache once

VAGUE
Not clear in meaning or expression, or not explicitly stated or expressed
Example: the Explainer probed vague medical conditions after an 8-year-old
boy was listed as "critical but stable" following a shark attack.

ONSET
• In medicine, the first appearance of the signs or symptoms of an illness.
• Example: The pneumonia is usually lobular, the onset marked by rigors, with
difficult and hurried breathing, cough and expectoration.

EXACERBATION
• In medicine, exacerbation may refer to an increase in the severity of a
disease or its signs and symptoms.
• Example: an exacerbation of asthma might occur as a serious effect of air
pollution, leading to shortness of breath.

FRACTURE
• the cracking or breaking of a hard object or material.
• Example: Bone density testing can predict the risk for fracture.

HEADACHE
• A pain in the head with the pain being above the eyes or the ears, behind
the head (occipital), or in the back of the upper neck.
• Example: I have a bad headache

CARDIOLOGIST
• a doctor who specializes in the study or treatment of heart diseases and
heart abnormalities.
• Example: If you have chest pains I suggest you see a cardiologist.

CREPITATION
• a grating or crackling sound or sensation (as that produced by the fractured
ends of a bone moving against each other or as that in tissues affected with
gas gangrene).
• Example: On auscultation crepitation will be observed over the portion of the
lung affected.

RASH
• A rash is a change of the human skin which affects its color, appearance, or
texture.
• Example: Ozan has a rash.

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTIONS
• Commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or
stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
• Example: He died of a myocardial infarction in January of the following year

ANALGESIA
• Absence of sensibility to pain, particularly the relief of pain without loss of
consciousness.
• Example: He found that the music had a profound enhancing effect on the
quality of the patients’ analgesia.

1. Immunization
◼Immunization is the process where by a
person is made immune or resistant to an
infectious diseas
◼Example: immunization can help protect
the children against hepatitis b virus.

2. Diabetes
◼Diabetes is a disease that occurs when
your blood glucose, also called blood sugar,
is too high.
◼Example: My grandmother died because
she didn't take diabetes seriously

3. Atenatal care
◼Antenatal care is the care you receive from
healthcare professionals during your pregnancy.
You'll be offered a series of appointments with a
midwife, or sometimes with a doctor who
specialises in pregnancy and birth (an obstetrician).
◼Example: Only about 60% of women receive
antenatal care during their pregnancies.

4. Surgery
◼Surgery is the treatment of injuries or
disorders of the body by incision or
manipulation, especially with instrumenty.
◼Example: You need surgery.

5. Cough
◼Cough is a forceful release of air from the
lungs that can be heard.
◼Example: I have cough and fever
continuously during two days

6. Pain
◼Pain is an unpleasant sensory or
emotional experience associated with
actual or potential tissue damage.
◼Example: She takes some pills to relieve
her chest pain.

7. Headache
◼Headache is a pain in the head and neck
areas caused by various causes.
◼Example: At a time when the neck is too
tight will cause headaches.

8. Food poisoning
◼ Food poisoning is the entry of a substance into
the body that can interfere with health can even
lead to death
◼Example: After eating at the wedding ceremony
of a resident all the villagers suddenly vomited.
Said doctor at the nearest hospital all the
citizens of food poisoning.
9. Cancer
◼Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in
the body. Cancer develops when the body’s normal
control mechanism stops working. Old cells do not die
and instead grow out of control, forming new,
abnormal cells. These extra cells may form a mass of
tissue, called a tumor. Some cancers, such as leukemia,
do not form tumors.
◼Example: My uncle died of cancer of the stomach
yesterday.

10. Cardiovascular disease (CVD)


◼ Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve
the heart or blood vessels.Cardiovascular disease includes coronary
artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial
infarction (commonly known as a heart attack).Other CVDs
include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic
heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart arrhythmia, congenital heart
disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral
artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis.
◼ Example: tony had a heart attack because he was surprised to see his
wife died.

11. Sinuses
◼Sinuses is a small cavity filled with air that lies
behind the cheekbones and forehead.
◼Example: Paranasal sinus is a cavity containing air
that borders directly to the nasal cavity

12. Runny nose


◼Runny nose is the excessive secretion of
mucous from the nose.
◼Example: The allergic reaction can produce
symptoms ranging from runny noses and rashes
to life-threatening anaphylactic shock.

13. Tachypnea
◼Tachypnea is indicated by a rate greater than 20
breaths per minute.
◼Example: The patient was an obese white
woman who was in mild respiratory distress
with tachypnea of 22 breaths/min.

14. Breathlessness
◼Breathing with difficulty; gasping: was breathless
from running.
◼Example: I experience breathlessness and
sometimes congestion leading to wheezing and
hyperventilation.

15. Tight chest


◼Tight chest is described as sensation pain,
pressure and tightness or a feeling of
burning between the upper abdomen area
and neck.
◼Example: his father felt tight chest last
night.

16. Morning and night coughing


◼ Morning coughing is defined as cough that occurs in the morning
usually after waking from sleep.
◼ Night coughing is defined as cough that occurs at night, and can
prevent you from getting good and restful sleep.

17. Prolonged expiration


◼Prolonged expiration is increase in the
expiratory time in comparison to the
inspiratory time.

18. Wheezing
◼Wheezing is a continuous, coarse, whistling
sound produced in the respiratory airways
during breathing.

19. Diarrhoea
◼Diarrhoea is a condition in which faeces are
discharged from the bowels frequently and in a
liquid form.

20. Pulse
◼Pulse is a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as
blood is propelled through them, typically as felt
in the wrists or neck.

21. Dehydration
◼An abnormal loss of water from the body,
especially from illness or physical exertion.

22. Abdominal Tenderness


◼Abdominal tenderness is the pain you feel
when pressure is placed over a certain part of
the belly area (abdomen).

ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM (AAA)


(Noun) A localized enlargement of the
abdominal aorta such that the diameter is
greater than 3 cm or more than 50% larger
than normal diameter.

ARTERIAL BLOOD
(Noun) Oxygenated blood, found in the
pulmonary veins, the left chambers of the
heart, and the systemic arteries; it is bright red.
Venous blood contains more carbonic acid, and less
oxygen and nitrogen than arterial blood.

AIRWAY
(Noun) The passage by which air reaches a
person's lungs.
Preliminary studies show these compounds improve
the flow of mucus through the respiratory tract,
allowing airways to clear more quickly and efficiently

ANALGESIA
(Noun) The inability to feel pain.
Since epidural analgesia provides the highest level
of pain relief, the physician and patient should
decide when it should be used

ASEPTIC
(Adjective) Free from contamination caused by
h a rmf u l b a c t e r i a , v i r u s e s , o r o t h e r
microorganisms; surgically sterile or sterilized.
All surgical procedures were performed under
aseptic conditions.

BRUISING
(Adjective) The rear surface of the human
body from the shoulders to the hips.
His legs took the bruising blows.

BLOOD PRESSURE
(Noun) The pressure of the blood in the
circulatory system, often measured for
diagnosis since it is closely related to the force
and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and
elasticity of the arterial walls.
Heart failure is common in patients with high blood
pressure.

BLOOD TRANSFUSION
(Noun) An injection of a volume of blood,
previously taken from a healthy person, into a
patient.
Surgeons gave the boy a blood transfusion.

CASE HISTORY
(Noun) a record of a person’s background or
medical history kept by a doctor or social
worker.
In this research, we need to open several patients’
case history.
COUGH
(Noun) Expel air from the lungs with a sudden
sharp sound.
Smoke began entering her lungs and she started
coughing.

CLINICAL
(Adjective) Relating to the observation and
treatment of actual patients rather than
theoretical or laboratory studies.
The drug permit won’t be released without a proven
clinical trials.

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
(Noun) The fluid contained within the four
ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid
space, and the central canal of the spinal cord.
The cerebrospinal f luid ci rculates in the
subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal
cord.

DIAGNOSIS
(Noun) The identification of the nature of an
illness or other problem by examination of the
symptoms.
Accurate and timely diagnosis of acute appendicitis
is essential to minimize morbidity.

DOCTOR
(Noun) A person who is qualified to treat
people who are ill.
There are medical malpractice claims against
doctors and hospitals.

DRUG
(Noun) A medicine or other substance which
has a physiological effect when ingested or
otherwise introduced into the body.
Doctors treat malaria by using anti-malarial drugs,
such as chloroquine or quinine.

EPISTAXIS
(Noun) Bleeding from the nose.
Epistaxis is usually noticed when the blood drains
out through the nostrils.

GALLSTONE
(Noun) A small, hard crystalline mass formed
abnormally in the gall bladder or bile ducts from
bile pigments, cholesterol, and calcium salts.
Children with chronic hemolytic disorders generally
have an increased risk of developing pigment
gallstones.

INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
(Noun) An injection into the substance of a
muscle.
Intramuscular injection allows the medication to be
absorbed into the bloodstream quickly

INTUBATION
(Noun) The insertion of a tube into a body
canal or cavity.
One of the main reasons for treating patients in an
intensive care unit is that they need ventilatory
support, usually by sedation and endotracheal
intubation.

LUMBAR
(Noun) Pertaining to the loins, the parts of the
sides of the back between the thorax and the
pelvis.
The vertebral column consists of seven cervical,
eighteen dorsal, six lumbar, five sacral, and fifteen to
eighteen caudal vertebrae

LUMBAR PUNCTURE
(Noun) The withdrawal of fluid from the
subarachnoid space in the lumbar region, usually
between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae,
for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
All patients had a lumbar puncture to obtain
cerebrospinal fluid, to exclude other causes of coma.

LOCAL ANAESTHETICS
(Noun) An anaesthetic that affects a restricted
area of the body.
Babies who are circumcised are usually given a local
anaesthetic because a general anaesthetic is more
dangerous.

MEDICATION
(Noun) Administration of a medicine or other
remedy.
The doctor gives a lot of medications for a patient
with Tuberculosis.

MEDICAL
(Adjective) Relating to the science or practice
of medicine.
Our medical centre has expertise in skin cancer that
could be of benefit to others
MANOMETER
(Noun) An instrument for measuring the
pressure or tension of liquids or gases, as of
the blood.
I bought a manometer

NAUSEA
(Noun) A feeling of sickness with an inclination
to vomit.
A wave of nausea engulfed him

NASOGASTRIC TUBE INSERTION


(Noun) Reaching or supplying the stomach via the
nose.
After a focused physical examination, a nasogastric or
orogastric catheter should be placed for gastric
decompression to prevent further vomiting and aspiration

NURSE
(Noun) a person trained to care for the sick or
infirm, especially in a hospital.
The nurse who took care of me yesterday was very
nice.

OUTPATIENT
(Noun) A patient who attends a hospital for
treatment .
All treatment is carried out in an outpatient clinic and
you will not have to stay in hospital.

PATIENT
(Noun) A person receiving or registered to
receive medical treatment.
Many patients in the hospital were more ill than she
was.

PULSE
(Noun) A rhythmical throbbing of the arteries
as blood is propelled through them, typically as
felt in the wrists or neck.
The doctor found a faint pulse.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
(Noun) The process by which a medical
professional investigates the body of a patient
for signs of disease.
Pre-employment examinations are screening tests
which judge the suitability of a worker for hire based
on the results of their physical examination.

SWELLING
(Noun) An abnormal enlargement of a part of
the body, typically as a result of an
accumulation of fluid.
Painless swellings may appear in the lower
abdomen.

SPECIALIST
(Noun) A person who concentrates primarily on
a particular subject or activity; a person highly
skilled in a specific and restricted field.
Her doctor thought her allergy was psychosomatic,
but he sent her to a specialist

SPECIMEN
(Noun) A preparation of tissue for pathological
examination or of a normal tissue, organ, or
organism for study of its structure.

STERILE
(Adjective) Unable to produce offspring; in
females, called also barren.

SEDATION
(Noun) The action of administering a sedative
drug to produce a state of calm or sleep.

VENEPUNCTURE
(Noun) The puncture of a vein as part of a
medical procedure, typically to withdraw a
blood sample or for an intravenous injection.

VOMIT
(Noun) Eject matter from the stomach through
the mouth.

WARD
(Noun) a separate room in a hospital, typically
one allocated to a particular type of patient

Endoscope
An endoscope is an illuminated optical, typically
slender and tubular instrument used to look
deep into the body.

Gastroscopy is an examination of the upper


digestive tract (the esophagus, stomach and
duodenum) using endoscope to view the lining
of these organs.

Informed consent is permission granted in full


knowledge of the possible consequences, which
is given by a patient to a doctor for treatment
with knowledge of the possible risks and
benefits.

Instrument is a tool or implement,


especially for delicate or scientific work.

Sample is a piece or portion of a whole that will


demonstrate the characteristics or qualities of
that whole

A telescope is an optical instrument that aids in


the observation of remote objects by collecting
electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).

Visualization is the act of viewing or achieving


a complete visual impression of an object.

Visualization is the act of viewing or achieving


a complete visual impression of an object.

EctomySurgical removal of all or part of a specified


organ.

OscopyExamination of an organ, body cavity, or


joint by viewing through an instrument.

OstomySurgery to create an opening from an area inside


the body to the outside.

SorePhysically painful or sensitive, as a wound,


hurt, or diseased part.

Backbone is a part of anatomy, the series of


vertebrae extending from the skull to the
pelvis; the spine.

Go overto examine, consider, or check the details of


(something)

Numb, or numbness is a loss of the


sensation of feeling in an area of the body

Pinprick is a small hole that is made by a


pin or other sharp tool.

ThroatThe passage from the mouth to the stomach


or to the lungs, including the pharynx,
esophagus, larynx, and trachea

Drug
A medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when
ingested or otherwise introduced into the body.

Paracetamol
A synthetic compound used as a drug to relieve and reduce fever, usually
taken in tablet form.

Cyclizine
An antihistamine; the hydrochloride and lactate salts areused as antinau
seants and antiemetics, particularly to prevent motion sickness.

Salbutamol
A synthetic compound related to aspirin, used as a bronchodilator in the
treatment of asthma and other conditions involving constriction of the
airways.

Aspirin
A synthetic compound used medicinally to relieve mild or chronic pain
and to reduce fever and inflammation, usually taken in tablet form

Amoxicillin
A semi-synthetic penicillin closely related to ampicillin and with similar
properties, but more readily absorbed when taken orally.

Chlorphenamine
A first generation alkylamine antihistamine used in the prevention of
the symptoms of allergic conditions such asrhinitis and urticaria

Diazepam
A tranquillizing muscle-relaxant drug used chiefly to relieve anxiety

Antibiotic
A medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth
of or destroys microorganisms.

Analgesic
A medicine that acting to relieve pain.

Anti-emetic
A medicine that preventing vomiting.

Sedative/Hypnotive
A drug taken for its calming or sleep-inducing effect.

Gastrointestinal
Relating to the stomach and the intestines.

Antihistamine
A drug or other compound that inhibits the physiological effects of
histamine, used especially in the treatment of allergies.

Cardiovascular
Relating to the heart and blood vessels.
Respiratory
Relating to or affecting respiration or the organs of respiration.

Generic
A drug that having no brand name; not protected by a registered
trademark.

Medicine
The science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of
disease (in technical use often taken to exclude surgery)

Prescribe
A medical practitioner advise and authorize the use of (a medicine or
treatment) for someone, especially in writing.

Hospital
An institution providing medical and surgical treatment and nursing
care for sick or injured people.

Allergy
A damaging immune response by the body to a substance, especially a
particular food, pollen, fur, or dust, to which it has become
hypersensitive.

Medication
A drug or other form of medicine that is used to treat or prevent disease.

Side Effect
A secondary, typically undesirable effect of a drug or medical treatment

Loperamide
A synthetic drug of the opiate class which inhibits peristalsis and is used
to treat diarrhoea.

Atorvastatin
A statin that is administered orally (as in hypercholesterolemia) in the
form of its hydrated calcium salt to lower lipid levels in the blood.

Headache
A continuous pain in the head.

Indication
A symptom that suggests certain medical treatment is necessary.

Intravenous
An apparatus used to administer a fluid (as of medication, blood, or
nutrients) intravenously; also :a fluid administered by IV

Intramuscular
An apparatus used to administer a fluid (as of medication, blood, or
nutrients) into a muscle.
Subcutaneus
An apparatus used to administer a fluid (as of medication, blood, or
nutrients) under the skin.

Nebulization
The conversion of a liquid into a fine mist or spray, especially for
inhalation therapy

Acute
Severe disease or its symptoms but of short duration.

Chronic
Disease persisting for a long time or constantly recurring

Infarct
A small localized area of dead tissue resulting from failure of blood
supply.

Blood Pressure
The pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for
diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat
and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls.

Swell
A part of body that become larger or rounder in size, typically as a result
of an accumulation of fluid.

Regimen
A prescribed course of medical treatment, diet, or exercise for the
promotion or restoration of health.

Illness
A disease or period of sickness affecting the body or mind.

Cancer
A malignant growth or tumour resulting from an uncontrolled division
of cells in a part of the body.

Symptoms
A physical or mental feature which is regarded as indicating a condition
of disease, particularly such a feature that is apparent to the patient

Cholesterol
A compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues. Cholesterol
and its derivatives are important constituents of cell membranes and
precursors of other steroid compounds, but a high proportion in the
blood of low-density lipoprotein (which transports cholesterol to the
tissues) is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease.

Hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure.
Body mass index
•a weight-to-height ratio, calculated by dividing one's weight in kilograms by the square of
one's height in meters and used as an indicator of obesity and underweight.

Diet
•Thecustomaryamountandkindoffoodanddrinktakenbyapersonfromdaytoday.

Obesity
•The fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health. Obesity used a
measurement called Body Mass Index (BMI).

Chronic disease
•Anydisorderthatpersistsoveralongperiodandaffectsphysical,emotional,intellectual,vocational,
social,orspiritual functioning.

Cardiovascular disease
•Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood
vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke.

Overweight
•Theclassificationofbodyweightthatisgreaterthanthenormalrangebutlessthantheobeserange;def
inedbythe U.S.NationalInstitutesofHealthasabodymassindexbetween25and 30

Stress
•In a medical or biological context stress is a physical, mental, or emotional factor that causes
bodily or mental tension. Stress can initiate the "fight or flight" response, a complex reaction
of neurologic and endocrinologic systems.

Epidemic
•The appearance of a particular disease in a large number of people at the same time.

Lung cancer
•Also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell
growth in tissues of the lung.
Diabetes
•A disease in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is
impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose
in the blood and urine.

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