Activities to develop

Each student in the group has to answer the following questions using academic
references to support the research:

FIRST STEP

1. What is the practical implications associated to a line with only reactive components or
only resistive components?
R//
The main consequence that must be taken into account, is that a line that contains only
resistive elements, gets to heat up a lot, so it could deteriorate the insulating enamel that
covers the cable, so a larger cable should be used.

2. In a practical transmission system. What is a good value for the reflection coefficient and
the VSWR? Explain.
R//
A good value would be 1, since the ROE can be understood as an indicator of the signal
reflected back to the radio transmitter frequency, always taking the value 1 in the
denominator. And the lesser of this index, the better!

Therefore, a radio frequency system with SWR 1.4: 1 is better than one with 1.5: 1! And
another one with 1: 1 ROE would have a perfect impedance adaptation. In other words,
it occurs only in theory.

Finally, the ROE in a radio frequency system can be measured by special devices. One
of them, and well known, is the main site. With the "Distance-To-Fault" mode you can
identify the location of problems in a damaged system.
3. What occurs with the voltage and current in a line with the following conditions: line
terminated in its characteristic impedance, line terminated in a short and line terminated
in an open?

4. What is the voltage reflection coefficient and what is an ideal value for a transmission
system?

R//
The voltage reflection coefficient is the one that represents the proportionality or ratio
between voltage and current along the transmission line, with two components, a direct
wave that travels from the generator to the load and another that travels from the charge
to the generator, and it is represented:

V(x) = V + e−yX + V − eyX

I(x) = I + e−yX + I− eyX

5. What is the effect of Lossy line on voltage and current waves?

R//
When the transmission line introduces losses, it ceases to have an ideal character and it
is necessary to extend the previous circuit equivalent by adding two new elements: a
resistance series R, which characterizes the ohmic losses per unit length generated by the
finite conductivity of the conductors, and that is measured in Ω / m, and a parallel
conductance G, with dimensions of S / m (or Ω-1m-1), to represent the losses that occur
in the dielectric material by a non-zero equivalent conductivity.

6. In the Smith Chart identify a 𝑍𝐿 =∝, a 𝑍𝐿 = 0, two resistive loads and two complex loads.
You have to assume the characteristic impedance.
SECOND STEP

FIFTH POINT

A load 𝑍𝐿 = 35 − 𝑗60Ω is connected to a transmission line with 𝑍0 = 75Ω. The line is 𝑙 =

0.45𝜆. Find the input impedance and at least two line lengths where the input impedance is
real. Use the Smith Chart to Solve the exercise.
Una carga Z_L = 35-j60Ω está conectada a una línea de transmisión con Z_0 = 75Ω. La línea
es l = 0.45λ. Encuentre la impedancia de entrada y al menos dos longitudes de línea donde la
impedancia de entrada es real. Ahora se utiliza la tabla de Smith para resolver el ejercicio.

𝒁𝒍
𝒁𝒏 = 𝑹𝒏 + 𝑱𝑿𝒏
𝒁𝒐

𝟑𝟓 − 𝑱𝟔𝟎
𝒁𝒏 = 𝟎, 𝟒𝟔𝟔 − 𝟎, 𝟖𝐉
𝟕𝟓

Depositamos el valor anterior en la carta de Smith, trazamos una línea que inicie en 1,0 y
pase por

𝒁𝒏 = 𝟎, 𝟒𝟔𝟔 − 𝟎, 𝟖𝐉

Al prolongar la línea recta hasta que corte el circuito periférico, podemos leer el origen de
Zn, que en este caso es:

L =0,166 ɻl