Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sem/Session 1 2018/2019
Group 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Lecturer’s Name
Lecturer’s Comment(s)
Date Received:
marily using steel or steel-reinforced precast concrete although they can also
beconstructed using laminated timber. The connections between the columns and the
rafters are designed to be moment resistant, i.e. they can carry bending forces.
Because of these very strong and rigid points some of the bending moment in the
rafters is transferred to the columns. This means that the size of the rafters can be reduced
or the span can be increased for the same size rafters. This makes portal frames a very
other places where large, open spaces are required at low cost and a pitched roof is
acceptable.
Generally portal frames are used for single storey but they can be used for low rise
buildings with several floors where they can be economic if the floors do not span right
across the building (in these circumstances a skeleton frame, with internal columns,
would be a more economic choice). & typical configuration might be where there is office
and vertical action by the rigidity of the connections and the bending stiffness of the
members. The structure will then formed in stable with the presence of bracing, hence,
this will form continuous frame structure. They are very efficient for enclosing large
roller support.
2. To observe the effect of the load position on the roller displacement.
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 APPARATUS:
1. Support frame
2. Portal frame
3. Dial gauge
4. Tape
5. 1 set of load
EXPERIMENT 2
Calculation:
b d 3 25 ×103
I= = =2083.33 mm
12 12
The equation for horizontal reaction at support:
−L P H Wa L1 (a−H )
HA = ; L PH=
A HH 2 EI
L12 (2 L1+3 H )
; A HH =
3 EI
[ ] [ ]
a L1 (a−H ) ( 500 ) (600)( 500−600)
2 EI 2(200 ×103 )(2083.33)
HA = -W 2 = -W = -0.0417W
L1 (2 L1+ 3 H ) 6002 (2 ( 600 ) +3 ( 600 ) )
3 EI 3(200 ×103 )(2083.33)
Load
25 mm
10 mm
σ (N/mm)
2 0.79 1 2
4 1.73 2 2
6 2.74 3 2
8 3.71 4 2
10 4.68 5 2
12 6.85 6 2
σ (N/mm)
5 0.22 0.375 13.33
10 0.76 0.750 13.33
15 1.21 1.125 13.33
20 1.61 1.500 13.33
25 2.03 1.875 13.33
30 2.45 2.25 13.33
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Applied Load (N)
3.71−0.79
Stiffness: =0.487 N/mm
8−2
Vertical applied load verses displacement at the roller support
3
2.5
Roller Displacement (mm)
1.5
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
1.61−0.22
Stiffness: =0.0927 N /mm
20−5
4 horizontal
Deflection
Linear (horizontal)
3 vertical
Linear (vertical)
2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Applied Load (N)
with the roller displacement and deflection. The deflection was fixed by 0.5W. Referring to
the figure 4, it reflects the horizontal applied load. When the load increases, the roller
displacement will be increases too. Next, table 4 shows the data of the vertical applied load in
relation with the roller displacement and deflection. The deflection was fixed by 0.075W. It is
indicated by figure 5 shows the relationship of the load and the roller displacement. When the
Moreover, the stiffness of horizontal applied load gives 0.487 N/mm higher value than
the vertical applied load which is 0.0927 N/mm. By focusing on Figure 6, it is illustrated that
horizontal applied load has a stiffer slope than the vertical applied load.
6.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the objectives of this experiment were achieved. It can be concluded that
from the experiment, it is obviously shown that the more loading apply to the portal
frame, the bigger the displacement at the roller. However, the more loading apply, the
deflected shape and bending moments of the portal frame will be increasing.
7.0 REFERENCES
1. Dynamic Stiffness Identification of Portal Frame Bridge–Soil System using
S1877705817337748-main.pdf?_tid=a55c592e-af9f-4c8b-a603-
26a650844ee4&acdnat=1540396971_be5d31f079d42114f18bfaf526dca26b
2. Analysis of frame - http://fast10.vsb.cz/koubova/SDM_frame.pdf