II.

Methodology
A. Materials
The materials used in this experiment are the following:
 Dye (9.0678g)- was used as an adsorbate
 Activated carbon (25.0229g)- was used to adsorbed the dye
 Distilled water- was used as a solvent
 Digital balance- was used to weigh dye, activated carbon, and adsorbed
solution
 Stopwatch- was used to measure the amount of time elapsed
 Graduated cylinder (250ml)- was used to measure the amount of solvent and
the amount of solution
 Beaker (500ml)- was used to mix the solution
 Burette- was used to adsorbed the solution by fixed bed adsorption
 Ruler- was used to measure the amount of activated carbon in the burette
 Stirring rod- was used to stir the solution
 Filter paper- was used filter the solution
 Funnel- was used to transfer the solution
B. Preparation of Reference Solution
For the preparation of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 % w/w dye solution, weigh 0.6018,
1.2047, 1.8113, 2.4196, and 3.0304 grams of dye. Measure 300ml of distilled water.
Poor the weighted dye in each 250ml beaker and mix it with the measured amount of
water.
Poor 200ml of the sample solution in a 250ml graduated cylinder and determine the
density of the individual solution at room temperature by using hydrometer. Plot the
concentration as a function of density and determine the best equation that represents
the experimental data.
 Hydrometer

300ml H2O 300 mlH2O 300ml H2O 300ml H2O 300ml H2O

0.6018 dye 1.2047 dye 1.8113 dye 2.4196 dye 3.0304 dye

200 ml of each
dye solution

0.2% dye 0.4% dye 0.6% dye 0.8% dye 1.0% dye
solution solution solution solution solution

C. Reactivation of Activated Charcoal

Let the activated charcoal dry completely if damp from absorbing atmospheric
moisture. Heat the oven up to 300°F and scatter the charcoal in a single layer on the
baking sheet. Set the activated charcoal into the oven for one hour at 300°F to bake out
the odors and impurities. Let the activated charcoal cool completely and place in an
open dish.

D. Adsorption Isotherm Determination

Load 5.0003, 5.0057, 5.0011, 5.0093 and 5.0065 grams of activated carbon into 5
500ml beakers. Poor 200ml of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 % w/w dye solution in each
beaker. Stir the solution every 1 minute and leave it for 1 minute. Get 20 or 25ml sample
of solution into 25ml graduated cylinder then weigh. Return the withdrawn liquid after
weighing. Repeat this procedure every 2 minutes. Solve the density by using mass of
the solution over the volume of the solution. Repeat steps until the density of the liquid
remains constant with respect to time. Correlate the measured density to concentration.
Determine the amount absorbed per unit amount of adsorbent w. Plot was a function of
 the equilibrium fluid phase concentration. Determine the best isotherm that represents
the adsorption process.

stir every 1 stir every 1 stir every 1 stir every 1 stir every 1
minute minute minute minute minute
decant the
solution evey 2 weigh the
minutes solution

0.2% dye 0.4% dye 0.6% dye 0.8% dye 1.0% dye
solution with solution with solution with solution with solution with
5.0065g 5.0093g 5.0011g 5.0057 5.0003g
activated carbon activated activated activated activated
carbon carbon carbon carbon

E. Fixed Bed Adsorption

Load an activated carbon into a burette until it reaches 10cm, then weigh. Set up the
burette in the iron stand. Fill the 300ml graduated cylinder with 1.0% w/w solution. Set
the stopcock of the burette quarterly open then start the timer. Determine the average
volumetric flow rate. Collect and weigh a measurable volume of the effluent every 10
minutes from the outlet of the burette. Determine the density of the effluent by using
mass of the solution over the volume of the solution. Repeat the procedure until the
density of the effluent remains constant. Correlate the densities in terms of
concentration. Plot the breakthrough curve (C/Co vs. time). Compute for the height of
used bed (HB) and height of bed (HUB). Repeat the process by using 0.5 and 0.1% w/w
dye solution.

Dye Solution

Clamp Stand

Burette

weigh the
Adsorbed adsorbed
solution soltion
0.1% dye 0.5% dye 1.0% dye
solution solution solution