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A water tank is a container that function for storing water and usually function when there are

problem from the main water supply.

In order to build a water tank, there are several parameters that must be include such as the

general design of the tank, choice of materials of construction, as well as the following.

1. Location of the water tank (indoors, outdoors, above ground or underground) determines

colour and construction characteristics.

2. Volume of water tank will need to hold to meet design requirements.

3. Purpose for which the water will be used, human consumption or industrial determines

concerns for materials that do not have side effects for humans.

4. How is the water to be delivered to the point of use, into and out of the water tank such as

pumps, gravity or reservoir.

TYPE OF WATER TANK

For the water that we chose at UMP, It use elevated type water tank because of it have many

advantages. Elevated tanks do not require the continuous operation of pumps to maintain the

pressure for supply the water. Short term pump shutdown does not affect water pressure

in the distribution system since the pressure is maintained by gravity. And strategic

location of the tank can equalize water pressures in the distribution system. However, precise

water pressure can be difficult to manage in some elevated tanks.


The pressure of the water flowing out of an elevated tank depends on the depth of the water

in the tank. A nearly empty tank probably will not provide enough pressure while a

completely full tank may provide too much pressure P=pgh. The optimal pressure is

achieved at only one depth.

The optimal depth of water for the purpose of producing pressure is even more specific for

stand pipes than for tanks elevated on legs. The length of the standpipe causes continual and

highly unequal pressures on the distribution system. In addition, a significant quantity of the

water in a standpipe is required to produce the necessary water pressure.

Relation with Fluid Mechanics

Mass Balance for Steady-Flow Processes

What we can relate with the water tank is during a steady-flow process, the total amount of

mass contained within the control volume water tank does not change with time (mCV=

constant). Then the conservation of mass principle requires that the total amount of mass

entering a control volume equal the total amount of mass leaving it. When dealing with

steady-flow processes, we are not interested in the amount of mass that flows in or out of a

device over time; instead, we are interested in the amount of mass flowing per unit time, that

is, the mass flow rate ṁ. The conservation of mass principle for a general steady-flow system

with multiple inlets and outlets can be expressed in rate form as it states that the total rate of

mass entering a control volume is equal to the total rate of mass leaving it.

Steady flow: ∑ ṁin=∑ ṁout (kg/s)


Example problem
A water tank in UMP,Pekan is being filled through section 1 at v1 = 5m/s and through
section 3 at Q3 = 0.012 m3/s. If water level h is constant, determine the exit velocity v2.

Solution:
Diameter of pipe 1 (d1) = 40mm = 0.04m
C/S Area of pipe 1 (A1) =π/4x0.042 = 0.001257 m2
Diameter of pipe 2 (d2) = 60mm = 0.06m
Area of pipe at section2 (A2) = π/4x0.062 = 0.002827 m2
Velocity of pipe at section1 (V1) = 5m/s
Q3 = 0.012 m3/s
Exit velocity (v2) = ?

Discharge through pipe1 (Q1) = A1 V1 =0.001257x5 = 0.006285 m3/s


Discharge through pipe 2 (Q2) = Q1 + Q3 = 0.006285+0.012 = 0.018285 m3/s
V2 = Q2/A2 = 0.018285/0.002827 = 6.5m/s

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