SPECTRUM 3
UNIT 1
GRAMMAR
Modals of obligation, prohibition and
necessity: have to, must and need to
1 Complete the sentences with the words.
didn’t need to doesn’t have to have to
must mustn’t need to
1 Maria _________ work after 5 p.m., it’s not
obligatory.
2 There’s nothing in the fridge! We _________ go
to the supermarket!
3 You _________ wear protection glasses for
chemistry experiments. It’s obligatory.
4 Oh, you _________ buy me a present, but thank
you!
5 One of my mum’s house rules is that we
_________ make our beds every morning.
6 You _________ use your phone in the cinema.
It’s prohibited.
2 Write sentences about the signs.
1 2
3 4
5 6
1 You mustn’t smoke.
2 _______________________________________
3 _______________________________________
4 _______________________________________
5 _______________________________________
6 _______________________________________
VOCABULARY
Modals of advice: should and ought to
3 Read the sentences and choose the correct
option.
1 My grandad smokes a lot and it’s making him ill.
He ought to / shouldn’t smoke.
2 Marta arrived at school an hour late!
She ought not to / should be late again.
3 I feel really tired but I can’t sleep.
You should / shouldn’t read in bed. That will
help you sleep.
4 Ana needs help with her school project.
She shouldn’t / ought to ask her older brother.
5 Martha sends texts when she’s driving.
That’s dreadful! She should / ought not to
do that!
Modals of ability and permission: can, will
be able to and allow / be allowed to
4 Look at the table. Are the sentences True or
False? Correct the false ones.
able to able to able to
swim? cook? drive?
four years  ✓ 
ago
now ✓ ✓ 
four years - - ✓ (but her
from now mum won’t
give her
permission
to!)
1 Four years ago Petra couldn’t swim, but she
could cook.
______________________________________
2 Four years ago, Petra could drive.
______________________________________
3 Now, Petra can’t swim and she can’t cook.
______________________________________
4 Now, Petra can drive.
______________________________________
5 Four years from now, Petra will be able to drive
but her mum won’t allow her to!
______________________________________
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Behaviour Noun suffixes 1

1 Complete the definitions. 4 Complete the words with -al, or -ion.

Something which is good enough or satisfactory 1 arriv__
is acceptable. 2 protect__
1 Someone who does not lie, cheat or steal is 3 surviv__
h_______________ .
2 Something which often happens is 5 Match the words from exercise 4 to the pictures.
c_______________ . 1 2
3 Someone who likes rules and makes people
obey them is s_______________ .
4 Something which you know well is
f_______________ .
5 Something which is reasonable, right and
accepted by most people is f_______________ .
3
Personal qualities 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 Match the words to the definitions. 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

adventurous ambitious artistic confident

creative curious logical sociable
good at making things such as paintings or
drawings artistic
1 friendly; enjoys being with people __________
2 determined to be successful or powerful
_________
3 wanting to learn or know about something
_________
4 sure that you can do something well _________
5 having lots of new ideas _________
6 enjoys doing new and exciting things _________
7 reasonable and sensible _________
Growing up ceremonies
6 Complete the sentences with the nouns and
verbs in the box.
arrive population position protect survive
1 Anne is learning a new yoga ___________ .
2 You should use a high-factor sunscreen to
_________ your skin from sunburn.
3 The wild bird __________on the island is
growing rapidly.
4 What time does your train ____________?
5 Some animal species ____________ the winter
by hibernating.

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

the words.
hunt (v.) status tattoo tribe warrior
1 I’m thinking of getting a ______ of a rose to go
on my shoulder.
2 Achilles was one of the most famous ______ in
Ancient Greece.
3 Some Aborigine boys learn how to ______
animals when they’re 13.
4 Often, if you have a low ______ in society, you
don’t have a good job or much money.
5 Did you know there are over 500 Native
American ______ in the USA?

Reacting to news

7 Choose the correct option.

A: My exam results are a lot better than last year!
B: That’s fantastic / dreadful!
1 A: My brother said that he won’t have a job after April.
B: What a shame! / How exciting!
2 A: I went to the new burger bar last night.
B: What was it like? / That sounds terrible!
SPECTRUM 3

A: It was nice.
3 A: Grandma’s going to come and live with us after the summer holidays.
B: That was sad. / Really?
4 A: When I got back home last night, my front door was open. I was really afraid to go in.
B: What happened next? / How do you feel?
5 A: What do you think of the new ICT suite at school?
B: That’s understandable. / I really like it.
6 A: Dad says we can have a swimming pool in the garden next summer!
B: How exciting! / What a shame!

Reading

Read the text. What is the most difficult thing about university for each student? (3
marks)
Gemma __________________________________
Auriane __________________________________
Mark ____________________________________

Gemma North, 22, is at the University of Manchester.

Medicine is a hard subject and I often have to stay up late to study. However, I like working hard and
I enjoy the subject. I’m very sociable and I have lots of friends in the drama club. The most difficult
thing about university is living with new people. I didn’t enjoy the first year because I didn’t like my
housemates, but now I live with three friends and it’s great.

Auriane Bourque, 19, is at University College London.

I’m from a small town in France so London is very expensive for me. Even though money is a problem,
I love it here. There are lots of international students, like me. I’m very easy-going and meeting people
from different countries is fun for me. There are so many opportunities to do interesting things; for
example, I’m very artistic, so I joined the drawing club.

Mark Roberts, 21, is at the University of Birmingham.

The most difficult thing for me was making friends. Anyone starting university should join a club like
I did; it’s a great way to meet people. There are clubs for all interests, so everyone will be able to find
something for them. My engineering course is hard, and I have to study most evenings. When you’re a
student you have to be very organized, and you mustn’t miss any lectures.

Read the text again and complete the sentences.

1 Gemma is a very ____________ and ____________ person.
2 In her first year she wasn’t ____________ because she didn’t like her housemates.
3 Auriane is a very ____________ and ____________ person.
4 She likes ____________ people from different countries.
5 Mark ____________ a club so he could meet new people.
6 In Mark’s opinion, students have to be very ____________.

Writing
Write a profile of an English language summer school for a website. Use the questions and
prompts to help you. Remember to look at the order of adjectives. Write about 125 words.

Paragraph 1
SPECTRUM 3

Introduce the school.

It’s called … . Where is it? It’s in … . What is it like? It’s a (large, modern) school … .

What are the rules? You must / have to … . You mustn’t / can’t …

Paragraph 2

What levels of English can you study? You can study … .

Are there exam preparation classes? Yes, you can prepare for … .

What other activities can you do? You can … .

Paragraph 3

What is the timetable like? There are classes in the morning / afternoon from … to …

What usually happens at the weekend? We usually … .

How long are the courses? The courses last for … .

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
SPECTRUM 3
UNIT 2
GRAMMAR
Quantifiers: too, too much, too many, (not)
enough
1 Complete the sentences using too or enough.
The music is too loud.
1 Her jacket is _______ small for her.
2 They haven’t got _______ money to buy
a burger.
3 This coffee is _______ hot to drink.
4 He wasn't tall _______ to climb over the wall.
5 The film was _______ long so we left the
cinema early.
2 Complete the sentences. Use too, too much, too
many or enough and the words below.
money old predictable
short special effects violence
‘Shall we go to the cinema?’ ‘I can't. I haven't got
enough money.’
1 What did you think of the story? I thought it was
just _____________ . You always knew what
was going to happen next.
2 I didn't like the main character. He didn't look
_____________ to be a grandfather.
3 The film is _____________ . It leaves out lots of
good parts of the book.
4 I thought there was _____________ in the film. I
wanted to see less fighting and know more about
the characters.
5 To be honest, the film was a bit confusing. I
couldn’t understand the plot and there were
_____________ .
Verbs with -ing and to
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the verb in brackets.
My sister doesn’t mind studying (study) late into
the evening.
1 She wanted _______ (stay) and watch the film
with us but she had to go.
2 My auntie and uncle recommend _______ (visit)
Australia. They had a fantastic time there.
3 Thank you for the invitation! I’d love _______
(come) to your party!
4 I really like _______ (read) novels on my
e-reader when I’m on holiday.
5 Natalie seems _______ (be) upset. Do you know
why?
6 You need to start _______ (watch) less TV! It’s
not good for your eyes!
Past simple and past continuous
4 Choose the correct option and complete the
sentences with the correct past simple or past
continuous form of the verb.
When / While I got (get) home I was really tired,
so I went to bed.
1 Natalia phoned her dad when / while I _______
(try) to fix her laptop.
2 She wasn't surprised when / while she
_______ (see) her friend, Harriet, at the concert.
3 When / While they _______ (go) into the
kitchen, they saw some broken glass on
the floor.
4 What did you do when / while your family
_______ (travel) at Christmas time?
5 Macek hurt his knee when / while he _______
(play) football.
5 Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or
past continuous.
I arrived (arrive) while they were watching
(watch) a DVD of The Hobbit.
1 He _______ (lie) in the bath when he suddenly
_______ (have) a brilliant idea for a film.
2 While my mum and dad _______ (travel) around
South America, we _______ (go) to stay with my
grandparents.
3 We _______ (tidy) up after the meal when my
brother _______ (start) playing his guitar.
4 When the police officer _______ (knock) on the
front door, Sarah _______ (have) lunch.
6 Complete the story with the verbs in the correct
form of the past simple or past continuous.
bring celebrate move have take talk walk
My worst childhood memory is from when I was ten
years old. My family (1) was having lunch in a very
expensive restaurant. We (2) _______ my father's 40th
birthday. While I (3) ______ to my sister, the waiter
(4) ______ me my main course – a large bowl of
spaghetti bolognese. The waiter (5) _______ away
when I noticed something moving in the bowl. A small
insect (6) _______ around my spaghetti! The waiter
immediately (7) _______ the spaghetti back to the
kitchen. My dad thought it was very funny, but now I
never order spaghetti
SPECTRUM 3

Vocabulary
VOCABULARY Unit 2
Describing films 4 Match words 1–5 to definitions A–E.
1 joke C
1 Complete the sentences with the words. 2 performer __
dull entertaining original predictable 3 legend __
realistic spectacular 4 gift __
The beginning of the film was fairly dull but then it 5 live __
became more exciting. A a traditional story
1 We watched a ______________ documentary B a performance you see or hear at the same time
on emperor penguins. The underwater scenes it happens
were so beautiful and dramatic. C something funny you say to make people laugh
2 The plot was so ______________ . I knew D a natural ability to do something
exactly what the ending was going to be. E someone such as an actor or musician who does
3 It was definitely an ______________ thriller. The things to entertain people
plot was different and the ending was very
surprising. Adverbs of degree
4 I like films to be __________ . I don’t like to
watch films that don’t reflect real life. 5 Choose the correct adverb to make the sentence
5 We watched a very ______________ comedy stronger () or weaker ().
last night. I enjoyed it and Mum and Dad thought This book is quite / incredibly long. 
it was great fun. 1 My brother is incredibly / quite good at tennis. 
2 That film was a bit / very strange. 
Storytelling 3 The main character was quite / very funny. 
4 The director of this film is very / a bit young. 
2 Find six more words connected with storytelling 5 The ending was incredibly / a bit predictable. 
in the word puzzle.

S R O M A E W C N D Expressing preferences
E N D I N G O H O I
6 Complete the dialogue with the words.
T N D I P G V A V R
not sounds to see watch watching
T W E V T C E R E E
A: Why don’t we see a film tonight? I’ve heard there
I P L E H R A A L C are some good ones on.
N L V E L I S C I T B: OK. I’d prefer (1) ________ a comedy.
A: Oh. I don’t really like (2) ________ comedies. I’d
G O V E L T T T S O rather (3) ________ an action film or a thriller.
G T Y S U I T E T R B: OK. A thriller (4) ________ much better than an
action film.
A W B T D C N R O V
A: How about getting some food after?
B: I’d prefer (5) ________ to. I haven’t got enough
3 Complete the sentences with four of the words
money.
in exercise 2.
The plot was quite difficult to follow. I never
understood why the man ran away to Brazil.
1 My dad's a music _______ . He goes to see lots
of new bands and writes about them.
2 Don't tell me the _______ of the book. I haven't
finished it yet.
3 The heroine is a really interesting _______ .
She's very strong but quite lonely.
4 I want to be a _______ . I love writing stories.

Reading

Read the text. Match sentences A–E with spaces 1–4 in the text. There is one sentence that you do not need.
A Eventually, it will start to make sense and it will get better.
B Get in touch with an editor and send them your work.
C Plenty of sleep and rest are important for your imagination to work.
D You can share your work with other writers and get valuable feedback from them.
SPECTRUM 3

E Turn off the TV and your phone, and log off from the internet .

How to start

So you want to be the next J.K.Rowling? Well, the first step is to start writing. Decide on a time and place to write
every day and always stick to it.
(1) __ You don’t need any distractions.

Finding inspiration

What if you can’t think of anything to write? Firstly, keep writing anyway, even if it’s rubbish. (2) __ . Secondly, look
for inspiration everywhere - in people, places, things and in the work of other writers.

Developing your talent

OK. You’ve written your book or story; now you need some opinions. Don’t ask your friends or family – they
probably won’t be honest with you because they don’t want to hurt your feelings. The best option is to join a
writers’ group. (3) __ It’s also a good idea to do a creative writing course to improve your writing.

Getting published

Then, check your work carefully for spelling or grammar mistakes. (4) __ Write a clear letter to the editor that
summarizes the story and your writing experience. Don’t forget to mention any courses or writing groups you are a
member of. This shows you are making an effort to improve your writing. Good luck!

Read the text again. Complete the sentences with one or more words. (11 marks)
1 New writers should __________ write at the same __________ and in the same __________ every day.
2 If you haven’t got any ideas, continue __________ anyway, search for inspiration __________ and read the
books of other __________.
3 Friends and family __________ good critics because they __________ tell you the truth.
4 Joining a __________ and doing a __________ show that you want __________ your
writing.
Writing

You are writing a short story for a magazine on one of the topics below. Use the questions and prompts to help
you. Try to use the words so, although and because in your answer. Write about 125 words.
an adventure a ghost a holiday a robbery
Paragraph 1
Describe the setting. When was it? It was … . Where was it? The place was … .
What does the main character look like? He / She has got … / is (tall, short) ... .
What is his / her personality? He / She is a … person.
Paragraph 2
What happened? What was the main event? It happened when ... .
What happened while the main event was happening? He / She was … when
Paragraph 3
What happened in the end? In the end, … . How did the main character feel? He / She felt … .
SPECTRUM 3
UNIT 3
GRAMMAR
Present perfect with for and since
1 Cross out the ending that is not possible.
I haven’t seen you since I was in Peru /
since months.
1 She’s been at this school for two weeks /
for February.
2 We haven’t played tennis for last year /
for a long time.
3 He’s been in the team since two weeks /
since he scored his first goal.
4 There hasn’t been a good film at our local
cinema for years / since years.
5 I haven’t spoken to him since months /
since the day of the party.
2 Rewrite the sentences using for or since.
I am at school. I arrived two hours ago.
I have been at school for two hours.
1 We know Sam. We first met him in January.
We’ve known Sam… _____________________
2 They are married. They got married a long time
ago.
They’ve been married ____________________
3 She’s in hospital. She went in on Saturday.
She’s been in hospital ____________________
4 He lives in Madrid. He moved there eighteen
months ago.
He’s lived in Madrid ______________________
_____________________________________
5 She’s a teacher. She trained three years ago.
She’s been a teacher_____________________
Present perfect with still, yet and already
3 Rewrite the sentences with not … yet and the
correct form of the verb in brackets.
Mum and Dad are still asleep. (wake up)
They haven’t woken up yet.
1 The plane is still on the runway. (take off)
It ___________________________________
2 Bill and Sally are still here. (go)
They ________________________________
3 She still doesn’t have any new friends. (made)
She _________________________________
4 Trisha is still looking for her scarf. (find)
Trisha _______________________________
5 Brian is still doing his project. (finish)
Brian ________________________________
4 Look at Julia’s list of things to do before her
holiday. Write sentences to describe what she
has already done (✓) or hasn’t done yet ().
1 She has already printed her plane ticket.
2 ______________________________________
3 ______________________________________
4 ______________________________________
5 ______________________________________
6 ______________________________________
______________________________________
5 Read the situations and complete the sentences
with the past participle of the verb in brackets
and already or yet.
You and a friend are having a drink in a café.
The waiter thinks you’ve finished and starts to
take your glasses. (finish / yet)
You say, ‘We haven’t finished yet.’
1 You know that your friend is looking for a singer
for their new band. Perhaps she has found
someone. (find / yet)
You ask, ‘Have you ____________________ ?’
2 Your mum leaves for work. A few minutes later
someone rings and asks to speak to her.
(already / leave)
You say, ‘I’m sorry but ___________________ .’
3 You are thinking about where to go on holiday.
You are not sure. A friend asks you where you
are going. (decide / yet)
. You say, ‘I ___________________________ .’
4 You are going to the cinema this evening with
. friends. You bought cinema tickets for you and
your friends this morning. A friend says, ‘Shall I
. get the tickets?’ (already / buy)
You say, ‘No, it’s OK. I __________________ .’
. 5 You’re waiting for a bus to go to your friend’s
house, but it’s late. You’re still waiting when your friend
. calls you to ask where you are. (not arrive / yet)
You say, ‘The bus
SPECTRUM 3

VOCABULARY
Vocabulary Unit 3
Money and shopping Phrasal verbs
1 Complete the dialogues with the words.
3 Complete the sentences with the words.
afford bargain borrow brand
fill queue set turn wash
discount save shop online worth
I don't like that restaurant. You always have to
A: Do you often shop online?
queue up to get in.
B: Yes, I do. We live in a small village.
1 I like Chinese food, but it doesn’t always
1 A: Dad, can I have a new laptop?
________ me up! I should eat more rice!
B: Yes, of course … if you ______ up for it!
2 Sarah didn’t ________ up for the match on
2 A: What _________ are your trainers?
Saturday. I don’t know where she was.
B: SportRun – they’re my favourite company.
3 Can you ________ up after lunch, please?
3 A: How much is Mum’s old car ________ ?
4 They ________ up a huge screen in the park so
B: Not very much, I’m afraid!
that people could see the concert.
4 A: How much is this, please?
B: There’s a 50% __________ , so it’s now €13.
5 A: Why can’t we go abroad on holiday? Food adjectives
B: I’m sorry. We don’t have enough money so
4 Complete the underlined words.
we can’t ________ it.
6 A: Liam, can I ________ your phone? I’ll give it It’s curry – but don’t worry, it’s very mild.
back! 1 Mmm, this cake is de__________ !
B: Yeah, sure. 2 Which foods are most nu__________ ?
7 A: This phone was only €30 but I’ve seen them 3 This tea is incredibly sw________ . How much
in the shops for €60! sugar did you put in it?
B: Wow! That’s a great ________ . 4 Yuck! This milk has been out of the fridge for too
long. It tastes s_________ .
Free-time activities 5 The pasta came in a s_________ tomato sauce.
2 Which free-time activity are the people It was quite hot!
describing?
Reaching an agreement
I t i n v o l v e s c y c l i n g o f f t h e r o a d – u p a n d d o w n m o u n t a i n s

o r t h r o u g h f o r e s t s .

5 Choose the correct option.

trail biking A: Why / How don’t we get Amy a DVD?
B: We don’t know which films she’s already got.
This is the sport of shooting arrows from a bow at a target.
C: OK, so (1) why / how about a T-shirt?
D: That’s not a bad (2) idea / plan, but it's a bit
1 a_____y boring.
You often use ropes and you can’t be afraid of heights! B: We (3) could / shall get her a necklace.
A: But she never wears jewellery.
2 r__kc______g C: I know, (4) let’s / shall organize a surprise party
for her!
This set of sports includes running, jumping, throwing and
D: That (5) works / sounds like a good plan. Is
walking.
everyone (6) happy / agree to go with that idea?

3 a_______s

This is a combination of skiing and surfing. A motorboat

pulls the rider along.

4 w__________g

This involves paddling a special kind of canoe down rivers

or in the sea.

5 k______g
SPECTRUM 3

Reading

Read the text. Choose a heading for each paragraph. There are three headings you do
not need.
Climate Culture Food Geography History Music and Dance Tourism
1 __________________
Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world. Its climate is hot and humid, with regular rainfall throughout the year.
There are many high mountains and long rivers in Brazil. The most important natural area is the Amazon rainforest
region, which includes many unique and fascinating plants and animals and is home to about one third of the
world’s terrestrial animal species.

2 __________________
Brazil is one of the most visited countries in the world. Rio de Janeiro is not the capital city, but it is the most
popular city and has become famous for its Copacabana beach and spectacular statue of Christ the Redeemer.
Many tourists also visit the beautiful extensive beaches and bays along the coast to relax and practise many water
sports.

3 __________________
Brazil has a diverse mix of ethnicities and cultures. There were indigenous people living in Brazil before Europeans
arrived. Over the centuries, people from all over the world have moved to Brazil. The official language is
Portuguese, but some communities and indigenous tribes still speak their own languages. Music, song and dance,
such as the samba, are an important part of the Brazilian identity. Capoeira is a Brazilian martial art that combines
dance and music, and has become popular all over the world.

4 __________________
Visitors to Brazil shouldn’t miss out on the great variety of delicious and nutritious local food. A traditional Brazilian
dish is feijoada – made with black beans, vegetables and different types of meat.

Read the text again and complete the sentences.

1 Brazil is one of the ________________ and ________________ countries in the world.
2 About ________________ per cent of the animal species in the world live in the
______________________ .
3 There is a famous ________________ and ________________ in Rio de Janeiro.
4 Brazil’s many different ____________________ have influenced its rich and diverse culture.
5 Portuguese is the ______________________ of Brazil, but in some areas of the country they speak
______________________ .
6 Capoeira is a mix of _____________________ . It is now ______________________ internationally.

Writing

Write a discussion essay. Choose one of the following topics:

The advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.

The advantages and disadvantages of cooking your own food at home.

The advantages and disadvantages of going on an organized holiday with a tour operator.

Use the ideas and prompts to help you. Remember to check your spelling. Write about 125 words.

Paragraph 1
Write an introduction. Include a general sentence about the topic and the main question you are going to
answer.
Many people … .
Paragraph 2
Write about the advantages of the statement. Think of at least two.
One advantage is … .
Paragraph 3
Write about the disadvantages of the statement. Think of at least two.
SPECTRUM 3

One disadvantage is … .
Paragraph 4
Write a conclusion with your opinion.
To conclude, I think …

WRITING 3 TITLE

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SPECTRUM 3
UNIT 4
GRAMMAR
Present perfect and past simple
1 Write the verbs in the past simple or in the
present perfect.
Mum’s spoken to my Music teacher several
times since September. (speak: present perfect)
1 When we were small, our grandma __________
us delicious ice cream every Sunday.
(make: past simple)
2 My brother ___________ a fight with his best
friend during their holiday. (have: past simple)
3 ______ you ______________ your arm? (break /
ever: present perfect)
4 A: Do you know Barcelona?
B: No. I _________________ there.
(be / never: present perfect)
5 She _____________ ten miles for charity
yesterday. (run: past simple)
6 Mike ____________ in five minutes ago. He’s in
the bathroom. (come: past simple)
2 Complete the sentences with the words.
broken fell forgotten made
put sent start worked
I worked from 8 a.m until 7 p.m. yesterday.
1 Petra ________ off her bike during a ride around
the village yesterday.
2 I’ve _________ your English book in your locker.
3 That’s the second glass you’ve ________ today!
4 I ____________ you a text an hour ago.
5 When did your school term __________ ?
6 I’ve __________ an enormous chocolate cake.
7 I’m so sorry. I’ve ____________ your name.
Subject and object questions
3 Write subject and object questions using the
past simple.
Who / (go) / on the school trip yesterday?
Who went on the school trip yesterday?
1 Who / you / (meet) / at Drama Club?
_____________________________________
2 What / (happen) / in the last episode of Doctors?
_____________________________________
3 Who / (tell) / you about Gemma’s party?
_____________________________________
4 When / Jack / (get) / home?
_____________________________________
5 Who / (see) / something strange in the garden?
_____________________________________
VOCABULARY
Present perfect with ever, never and just
4 Put the word in brackets in the correct place in
each sentence.
I’ve seen so much food at a party. (never)
I’ve never seen so much food at a party.
1 Have you made your own website? (ever)
______________________________________
2 He’s bought a new tablet computer. (just)
______________________________________
3 We’ve been to see our uncle in Australia. (never)
______________________________________
______________________________________
4 The bathroom’s free. I’ve finished with it. (just)
______________________________________
5 Has she said why she was upset? (ever)
______________________________________
6 We’ve called his new phone. (never)
______________________________________
7 I’ve come back from the most amazing holiday of
my life! (just)
______________________________________
______________________________________
8 Have your parents heard your band? (ever)
______________________________________
5 Correct the underlined present perfect grammar
mistake in each sentence.
Have you ever eat Japanese food?
Have you ever eaten Japanese food?
1 I’ve never be so embarrassed in my whole life.
______________________________________
2 My little cousin has just take her first steps!
______________________________________
3 She haven’t never had a problem with her
phone.
______________________________________
4 Never I’ve seen so many people at a concert.
______________________________________
5 He’s gone out with some friends just.
______________________________________
6 Have they ever invite you round to their house?
______________________________________
7 What have you just did?
______________________________________
8 She is never felt so happy.
SPECTRUM 3

Communicating
Emotions
3 Complete the words in the sentences.
1 Match the adjectives to the situations. 1 He wrote this letter to you because he finds it
amusing confusing embarrassing difficult to ex__ __ __ __ __ his emotions
fascinating frightening irritating motivating face-to-face.
relaxing upsetting 2 If you sq __ __ __ __ __ this tube of toothpaste,
I’m sure you’ll find more in there.
forgetting to buy a present for a friend’s birthday
3 Look at these marks! Your teacher wa __ __ ed
embarrassing
you that you needed to work harder!
1 having a long holiday
4 Why don’t you in __ __ __ __ Raul to dinner?
___________________
5 Can you spr __ __ __ the news about the party?
2 watching documentaries that interest you
___________________
-ing and -ed adjectives
3 hearing a loud noise while watching a horror film
___________________
4 Choose the correct option.
4 the phone ringing when you’re asleep
You’re always late. It’s very irritated / irritating.
___________________
1 I’m not very excited / exciting about the school
5 hearing that someone has had an accident
trip because I’ve been there before.
___________________
2 It was frightening / frightened waiting for a bus
6 your teacher telling you that you’re doing well
in the dark.
___________________
3 Mum gets very irritating / irritated when we call
7 two people giving you different answers
and chat to our friends while she’s watching TV.
___________________
4 Are you frightened / frightening of big dogs?
8 watching The Simpsons
___________________
Asking for help on the phone
Gadgets 5 Choose a word from each pair to complete the
dialogues.
2 Find eight words connected with gadgets in the
word puzzle. help / support say / speak
P B B D S I A G U J 1 A: Good afternoon. Gary’s Garage. How can I
L O V R R S C H N U help you?
U I A Q O E U I P M B: Could I (1) ___________ to Lee Jones,
please?
G D E R L W Y P L U
I M U N L F S R U T need / problem talk / tell

N A C H A R G E G E 2 A: I’ve just bought a watch from your online shop

L T H J E B X S D C and I’ve got a (2) ___________ with it.
B: Can you (3) ___________ me what’s wrong?
I P S A F T E S A T
Y U P D A T E A V A contacting / calling collect / take

B K O S C R O L L P 3 A: I’m (4) ___________ because I haven’t

received the TV that I ordered.
B: Can I (5) ___________ your name, please?

request / need explain / inform

4 A: Hello. I (6) ___________ some help with
making an order.
B: Of course. How can I help?
A: Well, first of all, could you (7)
___________ how to pay by credit card, please?
SPECTRUM 3

Reading
Read the text. What three nationalities are mentioned in the text?

_______________________________________________________

Smoke signals are one of the oldest forms of communication. In ancient China, soldiers on
the Great Wall warned each other about danger by making smoke signals that could be seen
from far away. In this way, they could send a message hundreds of kilometres in just a few
hours.

The Native Americans also communicated with smoke signals. Each tribe had its own
system. A signaller started a fire on a high place using grass. This caused smoke to rise
upwards. If the smoke came from halfway up a hill, it meant all was well. If it came from the
top of the hill it meant danger. Many years ago, Australian Aborigines also sent smoke
signals to spread the news that they were arriving in a new place.
Today, some people still use smoke signals to transmit news, signal danger, or invite people
to a certain place. When the American Boy Scouts go on camping trips, they use three quick
puffs of smoke to indicate when someone is in danger. And when people have problems at
sea, they use an object called a flare to send smoke into the air to ask other ships for help.
Smoke signals have saved many people over the years.

Read the text again and complete the sentences.

1 In ancient China, soldiers sent smoke signals to ______________ each other of enemy
attack.
2 People could ______________ the signals from a great distance.
3 Native ______________ sent smoke signals from higher places to indicate
______________ .
4 The Aborigines of ______________ used smoke signals to inform of their arrival in a
______________ .
5 Smoke signals are still used by some people to spread ______________ , warn of
______________ or ______________ people to an event.
6 These ancient signals ______________ a lot of people from problems at sea.

Writing

Write an email to a friend who is coming to visit you at the weekend. Use the prompts to
help you. Remember to look at punctuation. Write about 125 words.

Paragraph 1
Start by saying hello and talking about what you have done recently.
Hi, How are you? I’ve just … .
SPECTRUM 3

Paragraph 2
Mention your friend’s visit and give information about interesting places to see and things to
do.
I’m looking forward to your visit. There are lots of things to see in … . There’s a … and … .

Paragraph 3
Finish by asking your friend questions about their visit and what they have already visited in
the area. Arrange to meet.
Anyway, what time are you arriving at … ?
Have you ever … ?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________ ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
SPECTRUM 3
UNIT 5
GRAMMAR
Past perfect
1 Read the situations. Complete the sentences
with a verb in the past perfect.
accept begin escape
forget give go out see
Emma opened her wallet to pay for the drinks. It
was empty.
She had forgotten to get money from the bank.
1 I invited Tim to my party. He said he couldn’t
come.
He _______ an invitation to another party.
2 You went home but your parents weren’t there.
They _______ .
3 Mark returned to his car quickly but it was too
late.
The traffic warden _______ him a ticket.
4 It was good to see my friend, Natalie, again.
I _______ her for many years.
5 The police entered the building looking for the
burglars but they weren’t there.
They _______ out of a window.
6 Chloe and Dan went to the cinema last night.
They arrived late.
The film _______ already _______ .
2 Choose the correct option.
My phone was stolen yesterday. I was so upset
because I just bought / ’d just bought it!
1 Sam and Evie went / had gone into the city
centre this morning to buy some new clothes.
2 I didn’t hear / hadn’t heard about the teenage
detective agency before I read an article in this
magazine.
3 James wanted / had always wanted to be a
police officer, since he was a child.
4 When Katie arrived / had arrived home, she
watched TV, had a sandwich and went to bed.
5 How long were you / had you been a teacher
when you retired?
6 I looked for my phone everywhere before I
realized I left / had left it at school!
VOCABULARY
Relative pronouns
3 Match the sentence halves (1–5) to A–F and
complete them with where, which, who or
whose.
Is this the café D
1 Yes, that’s the film __
2 This special language class is for students __
3 The telephone was an invention __
4 What’s the name of your friend __
5 Those are the students __
A ____ first language is not English.
B ____ dad is a head teacher?
C ____ I told you about.
D where you saw the pickpocketing?
E ____ changed the world.
F ____ raised a lot of money for charity.
4 The relative pronouns are wrong in the
sentences. Rewrite the sentences to correct
them.
1 That’s the driver where was speeding.
_____________________________________
2 Where’s the nearest shop who sells milk?
______________________________________
3 Did they catch the woman which did it?
______________________________________
4 This is the office which Mum works.
______________________________________
5 That’s the man who dog tried to bite me.
______________________________________
Modals of deduction
5 Choose the right verb in each pair.
1 He must / can’t be at university. He’s only
sixteen and he hasn’t left secondary school.
2 Do you think he’s going to pay for those? He
might / must be shoplifting.
3 He must / can’t be in bed at 9 a.m. He always
gets up at 7 a.m.
4 He’s in the school football and tennis teams. He
must / could be good at sports.
5 I haven’t seen him in police uniform. He
might / can’t be a private detective
SPECTRUM 3
Criminals and crime fighters
1 Label the people in the pictures.
1 change.
2
3
4 in the area.
Crimes
5 2 __possible
1 judge
2 _____________
3 _____________
4 _____________
5 _____________
2 Match the events to the crimes.
credit card fraud forgery mugging
pickpocketing speeding vandalism
‘I was on the High Street and a woman pushed
me over and then ran off with my bags.’ mugging
1 ‘They’ve broken some of the benches and
sprayed graffiti on the fountain.’ ____________
2 ‘Someone in that restaurant took copies of their
customers’ credit cards and used them to buy
things online.’
____________ ____________ ____________
3 ‘I had my wallet in my back pocket but when I got
off the bus it wasn’t there. I remember two or
three people bumping into me and then getting
off the bus very quickly.’ _____________
4 ‘The police have closed down that shop which
prints business cards because they were also
printing copies of €100 notes!’ _____________
5 ‘He was driving at 160 kph!’ _____________
People in town
3 Complete the words.
___ He’s an ecologist with an interest in climate
1 The bu__________ owners in the town centre
are worried about the problem of shoplifting.
2 How many people vote in your hou__________?
3 The local co__________ collect rubbish once a
week.
4 The re__________ have asked the authorities to
review the speed limit. There are a lot of children
Negative prefixes
4 Complete the adjectives with negative prefixes.
illegal
1 __fair 3 __responsible
4 __logical
Describing photos
5 Read the description of the photo. Complete it
with the words in the box.
background can’t (x2) could
foreground might perhaps right
This could be in a supermarket – I’m not sure. In the
(1) ______ I can see a young woman with long
blonde hair. She looks young, so she (2) ______ be
older than thirty. She is carrying a big shoulder bag.
On the (3) ______, there are lots of products on
shelves. The woman is holding something in her
hand. (4) ______ she took it from the shelf – she
(5) ______ be shoplifting. In the (6) ______ there is
a woman doing her shopping. But she (7) ______
see what is happening, because she is too far
away.
SPECTRUM 3

Reading

Read the text. Match sentences A–E with 1–5 in the text.
A because writing can help prisoners to understand themselves better.
B for example, translating books into Braille for blind children.
C For this reason, the rehabilitation of prisoners is in the interest of the public’s safety.
D study for university degrees by distance learning.
E These jobs help the prisoners to develop work skills and gain valuable work experience

Many people believe that rehabilitation of prisoners should be a large part of any country’s
prison system. Research shows that many prisoners who have had little or no rehabilitation
often go on to commit more crimes after they are released from prison. (1) ___ In the UK,
some prisons make it obligatory for prisoners to participate in education opportunities. Many
have left school with no basic qualifications, so the focus is on basic literacy and numeracy
skills. Once these basic skills have been addressed, they can take vocational training
courses in subjects like sewing, carpentry, IT, plumbing, and gardening. Prisoners can also
(2) ___ Education and training help prisoners get ready for jobs on the outside.

Prisoners are encouraged to take up hobbies and do activities which help express their
creativity and improve their emotional health. Book groups and creative writing courses are
popular (3) ___ Arts and crafts are also popular, and sometimes prisoners discover hidden
talents. Prison is a tough place and activities like these can help make life in prison more
bearable.

Prisoners can also work in prison, which is a great opportunity to prepare for life outside.
Jobs can include working in the kitchen, the laundry, the library and sometimes even on a
farm. There are some unusual and interesting jobs, (4) ___ In some prisons, prisoners work
as sales assistants, selling products over the phone to customers. (5) ___

Read the text again and answer the questions.

1 Who often commit more crimes after prison?

2 What kinds of courses can prisoners do in prison?

3 Why are these courses important?

4 How can prisoners learn to express their creativity?

5 What are the benefits of jobs for the prisoners?

SPECTRUM 3

Writing

Write a newspaper article about a crime. Use the ideas and questions to help you.
Remember to use the words for ordering events in the box below. Write about 125
words.
after that at first in the end later then when while

Paragraph 1
Set the scene. Where was it? What was happening before the crime took place? Who was
there and what were they doing?
… was walking in the park when a young man … .
At first, he / she thought … .

Paragraph 2
Describe the main event. What was the crime and who committed it? What did they do?
What did other people do while it was happening?
Then, he / she realized that it was … .
The man … .
After that, he … .
Other people in the park immediately … .

Paragraph 3
Write about what happened in the end. What did people do after the crime?
In the end, … . Later, … .

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SPECTRUM 3
UNIT 6
GRAMMAR
The present simple passive
1 For each notice, write a full sentence in the
present simple passive.
BREAKFAST SERVED
Breakfast is served.
SPANISH AND FRENCH SPOKEN HERE
1 _____________________________________
NO DOGS ALLOWED
2 _____________________________________
CREDIT CARDS ACCEPTED
3 _____________________________________
BOOKS BOUGHT AND
SOLD
4 _____________________________________
2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in
brackets. Use the present simple passive.
Our pizzas are made (make) with very fresh
ingredients.
1 I _________________ (give) €20 pocket money
every week by my parents.
2 Football is the only sport which _____________
(play) in almost every country.
3 Arabic ______________ (write) from right to left.
4 A lot of olive oil _________________ (use) in
Greek cooking.
5 These students _________________ (teach) by
Miss Roberts.
6 This TV series _________________ (watch) by
millions of people every week.
3 Order the words to make present simple passive
questions.
Italy / what / is / known / food / for / ?
What food is Italy known for?
1 sugar / glass / How much / cola / is / in / of /
contained / one / ?
_____________________________________
2 the / Are / invited / you / party / to / ?
_____________________________________
3 is / Where / grown / rice / ?
_____________________________________
4 grill / cooked / the / fish / the / on / Is / ?
_____________________________________
5 Spain / is / in / How much / rubbish / recycled / ?
_____________________________________
The past simple passive
4 Complete the sentences with the verbs in
brackets in the past simple active or passive
form.
A lot of fish were poisoned after the oil tanker
sank. (passive / poison)
1 They __________________ to reduce the
amount of food they wasted. (active / try)
2 Fortunately, fewer forests __________________
this year than last year. (passive / destroy)
3 They __________________ a lot of water by
having more showers and fewer baths.
(active / save)
4 This charity __________________ another shop
in the centre of town last week. (active / open)
5 50% of their products __________________
completely from recyclable materials last year.
(passive / make)
6 We __________________ solar panels on our
roof in February. (active / put)
7 I __________________ my art project out of
recycled rubbish. (active / make)
8 We __________________ to the Science
Museum last Friday. (passive / take)
5 Complete the text with the past simple passive
of the verbs in brackets.
No one is sure who the first skateboard was made
(make) by, but skateboards (1) ________________
(use) in the 1940s and 1950s when surfers in
California couldn’t surf because the sea was too
calm. The first skateboards (2) ________________
(construct) by putting roller skate wheels on the
bottom of a wooden box. They weren’t very safe!
The first skateboarding exhibition
(3) __________________ (organize) in 1963 and
then in 1964 some of the top skateboarders
(4) __________________ (ask) to appear on an
American TV show to help promote the sport. After
that, skateboarding wasn’t just a hobby. It
(5) __________________ (consider) something
serious and exciting.
By 2001 skateboarding was so popular that it
(6) __________________ (practise) by more young
people under eighteen than the number of people
who played baseball!
SPECTRUM 3

VOCABULARY

Environment verbs Winter sports

1 Complete the sentences with the verbs. 3 Complete the text.

destroyed dumped pollute
preserve recycle reduce
Someone has dumped several bags of rubbish
at the end of the street.
1 We ___________ all our glass, plastic, card and
paper. There are special boxes for each of them.
2 Factories ___________ the air in many big
cities.
3 Their house was ___________ in the fire.
4 She works for an organization that is trying to
___________ the Brazilian rainforest.
5 We must ___________ the amount of food that
we throw away. Look at all the food in the bin!
Good afternoon sports fans and welcome back to
Sports Live! We’re here at the (1) i__ r___ as we
watch two of the best teams in the world compete
for the ice hockey championship (2) tr___ . The
atmosphere is fantastic here, and there are
thousands of (3) sp________ watching the match…
Harrison is (4) sl_____g across the ice beautifully
there. He is (5) p_____g the puck to Wilson now
and… I don’t believe it! Wilson has scored a (6)
g___! Fantastic play from Wilson! The crowd have
gone crazy!
Compound nouns

Technology adjectives 4 One compound noun in each pair is not correct.

Cross it out.
2 Choose the correct option. baseball stick baseball match
2.30 p.m. is a very inconvenient / useless time 1 ice skates sports skates
for me. Could we meet at 4 p.m. instead? 2 sunny sport summer sport
1 We need to find a more efficient / unreliable 3 football pitch ice hockey pitch
way of working. We are wasting too much time. 4 tennis stick hockey stick
2 This is a practical / high-quality washing 5 sports rink sports coach
machine. It’s expensive but it will last for years. 6 lacrosse pitch lacrosse rink
3 My phone isn’t working any more. It’s completely 7 spectator sports spectator coaches
useless / useful!
4 Tara is totally impractical / reliable. If she says Talking about food
she’ll do something, she always does it.
5 Slow-cooking meat is a very time-saving / 5 Choose the correct option to complete the
dialogue.
time-consuming process. But the meat tastes
delicious! A: So, do you like this restaurant?
6 The town’s transport system is very inefficient / B: Oh yes! It's a one / favourite of mine! I always
efficient. It takes a long time to get across the have the chicken here. I love the way they do it.
city centre. A: (1) How / Where is it cooked?
7 That new free car park will make shopping much B: It’s cooked (2) in / on the grill, but quite slowly,
more convenient / impractical. and it (3) goes / comes with baby potatoes,
8 Low-quality / convenient machines cost less. green beans and a spicy sauce.
A: Hmm, I don’t (4) stand / like spicy sauces.
B: OK, well, there’s also fish. The salmon is
amazing.
A: What (5) does / do it come with? Is there a
sauce?
B: Yes, a herb sauce, and it comes (6) on / with
rice.
A: Great. That (7) tastes / sounds delicious
SPECTRUM 3

Reading

Read the text. What are the most common foods that are thrown away?

The average UK family throws away about 24 meals a month. This is about 4.2 million
tonnes of food and drink a year. Almost half of this food goes directly from fridges or
cupboards into the bin. A recent study showed that about 60% of this waste could have been
eaten. Wasting this food costs the average family £470 a year. If people stopped wasting this
food, it would have the same effect as one in four cars being taken off the road. The top
three foods being thrown away in British homes are bread, potatoes and milk.

In order to solve this problem, the UK government has started a campaign to reduce food
waste. Food producers, shops, restaurants and consumers are being encouraged to work
together to stop food waste. Some supermarkets and restaurants give any unsold food to
charities. Some local councils are using food waste from homes and businesses to produce
energy. Food waste companies work with businesses to reduce food waste and maximize
use from any food waste. Dumping food waste increases the amount of greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere and, as a result, global warming. By taking action now and reducing food
waste and converting it into energy, we will not only help to protect the planet but also save
billions of pounds.

Read the text again and complete the sentences with one or more words. (12 marks)

1 About ______________ % of the food that is thrown away is unopened.

2 The aim of the UK government’s campaign is to ______________ food waste.

3 By ______________ together, food producers, shops, restaurants and consumers are

helping to solve the problem.

4 Food that isn’t ______________ , is given to ______________ .

5 Food waste ______________ converted into ______________ .

6 If food waste is dumped, this increases ______________ and ______________ .

7 If we transform ______________ into energy, we will ______________ the planet and

______________ a lot of money.

Writing
Write a report about the positive and negative effects of using different types of transport. Think
about the cost, the environment and health issues. Use the information below or your own
ideas. Remember to use phrases for reports. Write about 125 words.
SPECTRUM 3

Cars:
• Cause a lot of pollution and contribute to the greenhouse effect.

• Cars that run on electricity don’t cause as much pollution. 75% of materials from old cars can be
recycled.
Trains:

• Trains cause pollution.

• They cause less pollution per person per kilometre than cars.

• Electric trains cause less pollution than diesel, but it is expensive to change an entire train system in a
country to electric.

Bicycles:
• No direct pollution from cycling.

• A good way to exercise.

Paragraph 1
Introduction: say what your report is about.
The aim of this report is to … .

Paragraph 2
Talk about the positive effects.
In general, … . Today, … . As a result, … .

Paragraph 3
Talk about the negative effects.
Generally, … . This means … .

Paragraph 4
Conclusion: say what the situation is and make recommendations.
To sum up, … . We should / shouldn’t

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