Weather and climate

Weather is the conditions in the air above the earth such as wind, rain, or temperature,
especially at a particular time over a particular area

Climate is the general weather conditions usually found in a particular place

Factor affecting climate

The climate of any particular place is influenced by a host of interacting factors. These include :

1. latitude,elevation,
2. nearby water,
3. ocean currents,
4. topography,
5. vegetation, and
6. prevailing winds.

* The global climate system and any changes that occur within it also influence local climate.

Components of weather

There are six main components of weather. They are :

1. temperature,
2. atmospheric pressure,
3. wind,
4. humidity,
5. precipitation, and
6. cloudiness.

*Together, these components describe the weather at any given time.

Instrument used to measure

Elements of weather and their instruments

Elements of Weather Instruments

Precipitation Rain guage
Wind Speed Anemometer
Wind Direction Weather vane
Temperature Thermomemeter

Comparing and the costract the climate between

DARJEELING GOA

Impact of climate change in Darjeeling

It has been widely observed that local temperatures are rising and rainfall is becoming
increasingly erratic in Darjeeling.

Study has found that maximum temperature has risen by 0.51 degree Celsius while total annual
rainfall dropped by 56 mm and relative humidity dropped by 16.07 percent.
The study done has shown that climate change has lead to a decline in overall production of
Darjeeling tea in terms of green leaf production per hectare. Tea is a rain fed crop that needs
specific soil and air temperature as well as moisture condition for desired growth. Both increased
temperatures and decreasing rainfall – along with change in relative humidity - adversely affect
quantity and quality of tea production. The chances of pest infestation also go up with increase in
temperature.
Also there is a severe water crisis particularly during non-monsoon months. Rapid population
growth coupled with heedless deforestation, unscientific and unplanned use of land has led to the
establishment of a vicious cycle of degradation. As a result, the surface water availability during
the dry months has declined considerably over the past hundred years.