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Allengers 325
(X-RAY GENERATOR)
INSTALLATION/SERVICE MANUAL
Although all efforts have been made to keep this Manual simple to
understand, in case of any clarification, Allengers International Customer
Care Cell can be contacted for more detailed information on any aspect.
CONTENTS
1. System Overview………………………………………………….. 1
1.1 Introduction…………………………………………………… 1
1.2 Technical Specifications……………………………………… 4
1.3 Description of Control………………………………………... 5
2. Packing List………………………………………………………... 9
3. Unpacking Instructions…………………………………………… 10
5. Installation Procedure…………………………………………….. 16
8. Troubleshooting…………………………………………………… 44
Checked By__________________________
This machine is type approved for Mechanical, Electrical & Radiation safety standards by following
regulatory boards:
PRODUCT APPROVALS
SYSTEM APPROVALS
_________________________________________________________________________________
Allengers 325 Installation/Service Manual
Rev. ‘0’ Eff. Date: 12.02.11
System Overview
1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Allengers 325 is an all-purpose high power Diagnostic X-Ray Generator, which caters to all
the requirements of generalized and specialized Radiography when used with Manual or
motorized table. This generator is also available in various options like Fluoro/Spot Filming
capabilities. This can also be made available for R+F Tables having I.I. T.V. System.
This unit incorporates State - of – the- Art technology and is designed keeping in mind the
diverse requirements of the Radiologists. It is a Solid State Silicon Rectified Unit (Two
Pulse) and consists of Control Panel, High Voltage Tank, High Voltage Cables & X-Ray
This unit can be supplied in different combinations of Tube Stands, Tables & Vertical Bucky
Stand as per individual customer requirement.
This machine is Type Approved for Electrical and Mechanical Safety Standards and for the
Radiation Safety (vide IS: 7620) from the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), Govt.
of India, thus making it entirely safe from the Radiation Hazards.
1. CONTROL
2. H.V. TANK*
3. X-RAY TUBE
16 17 18 19 20
14 15
1 13
2 12
3 11
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Used to select Fluoroscopic KVP from 45 to 100 KVP in steps of 5 KVP. This
function works only in machines provided with Fluoroscopy mode.
4. Ready Switch:
5. X-Ray Switch:
X-Ray switch when pressed keeping the Ready switch pressed starts exposure.
Exposure terminates after preset time.
7. ON Switch/OFF Switch:
When (+) switch is pressed, Fluoro mA increases & when (-) switch is pressed,
Fluoro mA decreases.
This switch is used to reset the Fluoro timer after completing 300 seconds of Fluoro
exposure cycle.
Glows when selected parameters viz. KVP, mA, Time or input voltage exceed Tube
Rating Chart.
Displays Fluoroscopic mA. This function works only in machines provided with
Fluoroscopy. In Radiography machines, display remains blank.
Displays mAs as per mA selected from Technic selector and Time selected from
Timer switch.
20. mA Meter:
Ready
A. HAND SWITCH
This is used to press Ready switch and Exposure switch using retractable type cord
2. PACKING LIST
3. UNPACKING INSTRUCTIONS
Optimum care is taken while packing the machine so that the machine must reach to the final
destination without any scratches and must be free from any transportation damages. The
machine is first packed in Polythene sheet & then further packing is done either using
foam/thermocole sheet. The outer carton could be of cardboard box or wooden ply packing.
The wooden boxes are packed with the nails and metallic strips wound with the nuts and
bolts.
The Service Engineer should study the following safety points before installing the machine
at the customer’s place:
• Always make sure that while unpacking the boxes the items contained in them do not
get damaged.
• While removing the screws, bolts or nuts from the boxes, make sure that the
instrument used for removing the screws, bolts or nuts do not penetrate in the box and
subsequently damage the contents of the box.
• Extra Care should be taken while opening the heavier items as any sort of
carelessness can cause injury to the person handling the item.
(i) Remove the metallic strips by opening the nuts and bolts with the spanners.
(ii) Remove the wooden packing from the sides by removing the nails. Care must be
taken so that the contents of the box are not hit accidentally.
(iii) Remove the thermocole packed material from the cardboard boxes after removing
the packing tapes used to close the boxes (wherever applicable) and then remove
thermocole packing sheet and polythene sheet by removing packing tape.
The unpacked parts must not be kept on the floor and can be kept on the packing sheets
removed earlier to avoid any scratches on the parts and to keep them clean. Do not touch the
parts with dirty hands or rub them with a piece of cloth to avoid any dirt marks on the parts.
Check the contents of Packing as per Packing List along with the machine and report any
damages or short shipments if any in prescribed format to Head Office.
4. INFRASTRUCTRAL REQUIREMENTS
Input Supply:
3 Phase 440 V AC
50/60 Hz.
Line Resistance of 0.2 Ohms
24 kW
Mains Switch: 63 Amps. 3 Phase, 440 Volt AC, 50/60 Hz.
Wiring Requirements:
OPEN AREA
CHEST STAND
PROTECTIVE
BARRIER DOOR
(LEAD LINED)
TUBE STAND
CONTROL
PANEL
CHANGE
CASSETTE PASS ROOM
BOX
DOOR
DARK ROOM
LIGHT TRAP
AIR DOOR
CONDITIONER
The rooms housing diagnostic X-Ray units and related equipment should be located
as far away as feasible from areas of high occupancy and general traffic, such as
maternity and paediatric wards and other departments of the hospital that are not
directly related to radiation and its use.
2. Layout:
The layout of rooms in X-ray department should aim at providing integrated facilities
so that handling of X-ray equipment and related operations can be conveniently
performed with adequate protection. The number of doors for entry to the X-ray room
should be kept to the minimum. The doors and passages leading to the X-ray
installation should permit safe and easy transport of equipment and non-ambulatory
patients. The dark room should be so located that the primary X-ray beam cannot be
directed on it.
3. Room Size:
4. Shielding:
Appropriate structural shielding shall be provided for the walls, the ceiling and the
floor of the X-ray room so that doses received by workers occupationally exposed to
the radiation and the members of the public are kept to a minimum and shall not
exceed the annual effective dose equivalent limits of 50 mSv and 1 mSv respectively.
The doors of an X-ray room shall provide the same shielding as that of the adjacent
walls incase persons are likely to be present in front of them when the X-ray unit is
energized. Appropriate shielding must be provided for the dark room to ensure that
undeveloped X-ray films stored in it will not be exposed to more than an air kerma
rate of 10 uGy per week (approximately 1.13 mR per week).
Unshielded openings, if provided in an X-ray room for ventilation or natural light etc.
must be located above a height of 2.5 meters from the ground/floor level outside the
X-ray room.
6. Illumination Control:
7. Equipment Layout:
The X-ray equipment must be installed in such a way that in normal use the useful
beam is not directed towards control panel, doors, windows or areas of high
occupancy. The useful beam should preferably be directed towards unoccupied areas
of high occupancy. Sufficient area should be left around the X-ray table for safe and
free movement of equipment/trolley, radiology staff and service personnel.
8. Control:
In case of diagnostic X-ray equipment operating at 125 KV or above, the control must
be installed in a separate control room located outside but contiguous to the X-ray
room and provided with appropriate shielding.
9. Waiting Areas:
A suitable warning signal such as a red light must be provided at a conspicuous place
outside the X-ray room and kept ‘ON’ when the X-ray unit is in use to prevent
inadvertent entry of persons not connected with the examination. An appropriate
warning placard must also be posted outside the X-ray room.
Storage
Temperature 0 to 40o C
Humidity Maximum 90% at 30o C
Operating Conditions:
Temperature 10 to 40o C
Humidity Upto 75%
We suggest you to strictly follow the safety standards as applicable in your country for safety
from Electrical, Mechanical & Radiation related hazards.
No X-Ray unit shall be commissioned unless the layout of the proposed X-Ray installation is
approved by the competent authority.
5. INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
5.1 INTER CONNECTION WIRING DIAGRAM
Do the electrical connections of 325 X-Ray generator as per wiring diagram given on next
page. In case of Motorized table, details of electrical connections are given in installation
manual of table.
PH-1
PH-2
1. Plan the location of various parts of machine i.e. Control, H.T. Tank, Table, Tube
Stand etc. in an X-Ray room (As per Room Layout Plan).
2. A proper Earth connection must be available & all parts of X-Ray machine must be
earthed.
3. Take measurements for lengths of different types of wires required as per their size.
4. Fix thimbles on different wires required for inter-connection of different parts as per
Inter connection details. Ensure that thimbles on all wires are not loose.
5. Connect Line terminal depending upon 2 Phase input voltage. If voltmeter reads
more than 230 V by adjusting voltage compensator switch.
6. Connect P1, P2 & Ground from control to H.T. tank’s P1. P2 & GND as shown in
inter connection details.
7. Connect filament connections from control to H.T. Tank as follows:
TS12-1 to mA of H.T. Tank.
TS12-2 to XS of H.T. Tank.
TS12-3 to A1 of H.T. Tank.
TS12-4 to XL of H.T. Tank.
8. Connect TS12-5 & 6 wires from terminal strip on H.T Tank for LBD supply of X-
Ray Tube.
9. Connect Rotor connections from control as follows:
TS5-1 to 5 on Tube.
TS5-2 to 3 on Tube.
TS5-3 to 2 on Tube.
10. Connect H.V. Cables from H.T. Tank to Tube Head as follows:
+ve of H.V. Tank to +ve of Tube Head.
-ve of H.V. Tank to –ve of Tube Head.
The Entire surface of the Bushing & Receptacle should be thoroughly cleaned for any dirt
or dust.
Jelly should be applied on the High Voltage Bushings of the HV Cables so as not to leave
any air between receptacles & bushings.
The Earth wire on the HV Transformer should be properly tightened.
All connections on the H.T. Tank & Tube Head should be firmly tightened.
All wires are thimbled and fixed to terminals. Proper strain relief is used on wires so
All wiring reaching up to the Tank is covered with pipe and couplers fixed at ends.
High Voltage Cables are fixed firmly and oil/jelly is put in H.V. Cable receptacles.
Covers are fixed on H.T. Tank and screws are not loose.
PVC Tape with buttons is used for H.V. Cable harnessing and routing is uniform
throughout up to the Tube.
H.V. Cables are not lying on floor and cables in no way obstruct the movement of the
vertical carriage.
H.T. Tank should not be obstructing the column (Round Pipe) movement while doing
under couch operations.
DRG. NO:-E-360-R5
Note:
1.The letters written in curly brackets {} denotes the location of part/ Component /
contact terminal in wiring diagram.
2.Abbreviation
When we switch ON the MCB, 2-Phase supply is given from Bakelite Terminal Strip to HRC
Fuses (F1 & F2) and from Fuses to ON/OFF Contactor Terminals as given below-
Phase 1 is given to the RE1-C & D {A1} & ON/OFF Transformer {A1-B1},
1. Switch ‘ON’ the Machine. The moment machine is switched ON, Relay RE1 (ON/OFF
Relay) gets energized and closes its NO Contacts.
2. Then Relay RE1 becomes ON as one Contact of RE1-ON-OFF is connected in series
with RE1-Coil.
3. When RE1 become ON it closes all its NO Contacts & supply to Machine become
available.
4. Select Radio or Fluoro Mode.
5. On selecting the Radio Mode from Panel respective Relay ‘F/R Mode’ become ON in
Motherboard Circuit.
Radiography Mode
6. When Relay F/R become OFF then, Relay RE14 gets energized and closes its NO
Contact as F/R Relay NC Contact is in series with RE14 Coil.
7. NO contact (RE14-C) in series with solenoid supply for selecting Overcouch Tube is
closed and NC Contact (RE14-C) in series with solenoid supply for selecting
Undecouch Tube is opened. High Voltage and Rotor connections from H.T. Tank will
be made with Overcouch Tube (Applicable only in Machines with Two tubes
operation).
8. 0V Supply comes through one of the Micro Switches connected against Coil of
Overcouch Solenoid in H.T. Tank to energize Relay RE16. NO Contact (RE16-A)
closes to give 24V Supply to Timer Card & Overload Card.
9. If all parameters selected on Control are within limits, Relay RE12 (O/L Relay), which
is in Overload Card gets energized and closes its NO Contact (RE12-B) in series with
Ready Relay RE2 and opens its NC Contact (RE12-A) in line of O/L Indicator.
10. Small or Large Filament of Tube starts glowing depending upon mA station selected
from Technic selector. Also P2 of H.T Transformer gets neutral supply.
11. On pressing the Ready Switch, Relay READY become ON in Motherboard Coil which
further energize the Relay RE2 and Relay RE8 gets energized.
12. NO Contact (RE2-A) in line of Filament gets closed and Filament now gets boosted
voltage.
13. NO Contact (RE2-E) connected in series with Bucky Supply gets closed.
14. NC Contact (RE2-G) connected in series with Fluoro Contactor RE9 gets opened.
15. NO Contact (RE2-H) connected in Rotor Circuit gets closed to supply neutral to
Current Transformers to complete the path of Rotor and Stator of Tube so that Rotor
starts moving at 230V.
16. NC Contact (RE2-I) connected to KVP Card gets opened.
17. Due to flow of current in Current Transformer’s (connected across rotor winding)
Primary Winding, Voltage is induced in Secondary and Relay RE3A gets energized.
18. NO Contact (RE3A-A) gets closed and gives supply of 24V to Timer Card.
19. Due to flow of current in another Current Transformer’s (connected across Stator
Winding) Primary Winding, Voltage is induced in Secondary and Relay RE3 also gets
energized.
20. NO contact (RE3-A) connected in series with Relay RE6 (Exposure Start Relay) gets
closed.
21. Due to supply of 24V in Timer Circuit, Capacitor of 470 μF in Timer Circuit starts
charging. After time delay of 0.8 or 1.5 seconds depending upon Tube, Capacitor gets
fully charged and supply is now available to Time Delay Relay RE4 in Timer Card so
that RE4 gets energized.
22. NC Contact (RE4-A) connected to 230 V for supplying this voltage to Rotor gets
opened and NO Contact (RE4-B) connected to 70 V gets closed to supply 70 V to
Rotor.
23. NC Contact (RE4-B) connected in series with 1K Resistance across Current
Transformer gets opened so as to Compensate the Voltage drop across Relay RE3 due
to voltage cut off from 230V to 70V.
24. Due to voltage drop across Resistance of 6.2 ohms connected in series with 70V
Supply to Rotor Circuit, supply goes to input of Bridge Rectifier and Relay RE5
connected across Bridge Rectifier’s output gets energized.
25. NO Contact (RE5-A) connected in line of Relay RE6 (Exposure Start Relay) gets
closed.
26. As Relay RE8 is energized (along with Relay RE2), NO Contacts (RE8-A, RE8-B &
RE8-C) also gets closed.
27. On pressing X-Ray Switch, Exposure Start Relay RE6 gets energized.
28. NO Contact (RE6-B) connected Overload Relay RE12 in Overload Circuit gets closed.
This Contact is used to bypass the Overload incase of accidental Contacts.
29. NO Contact (RE6-C) connected in series with Timer Chain in Timer Circuit gets closed
and starts charging Capacitor of 33 μF. NC Contact (RE6-C) connected across
Capacitor gets opened.
30. Relay RE7 (Radio Timer Relay) gets supply from Timer Card and gets energized.
31. NO Contact RE7-A connected in series with SCR Relay RE20 gets closed.
32. Relay RE20 gets energized and closes its NO Contact RE20-A in SCR Firing Circuit to
trigger the SCR. Supply goes to P1 of H.T. Transformer and Exposure Starts.
33. After preset Time selected from Timer Switch, 33µF Capacitor gets fully charged and
supply to Relay RE7 is disconnected. RE7 gets de-energized and NO Contact (RE7-A)
gets opened and de-energizes SCR Relay RE20.
34. Relay RE20 opens its Contact in SCR Firing Circuit and Exposure Stops.
35. Relay RE15 (KVP Locking Relay) is connected to KVP Locking Card. KVP Metering
Transformer and KVP Display Transformer gives Supply to KVP Locking Card, which
in turn energizes the Relay RE15.
36. KVP Locking Card senses the P1 P2 Voltage and if KVP is more that 125 KVP it gives
supply to Relay RE15 otherwise it keeps RE15 de-energized.
37. NC Contact (RE15-A) connected in series with RE8 Contactor gets opened in case of
more KVP and thus Exposure does not take place.
Fluoroscopy Mode*
38. If fluoroscopy mode is selected then Relay F/R becomes ON & one Contact of F/R
Relay is in series with RE13 Coil & Relay RE13 will be energized. Undercouch
Solenoid Coil is selected as Undercouch Coil is getting supply through NC Contact
(RE14-C). High Voltage and Rotor connections from H.T. Tank will be made with
Undercouch Tube (Applicable only in Machine with Two Tubes operation).
39. 0V supply comes through one of the Micro Switches connected against Coil of
Undercouch Solenoid in H.T. Tank to energize Relay RE16. NO Contact (RE16-A)
closes to give 24V Supply to Timer Card & Overload Card.
40. NO Contact (RE13-A) connected in series with pot type resistance of 200 Ohms, 50 W
gets closed and supply goes to Small Filament and Filament starts glowing.
41. NO Contact (RE13-B) connected in series with Fluoro Contactor RE9 gets closed and
Fluoro relay RE9 gets energized.
42. NO Contact (RE11-C) connected in series with Relay Module gets closed and Relay
Module further initialize the Memory Unit for capturing images on Monitor.
43. NO Contacts (RE9-A, RE9-B & RE9-C) gets closed.
44. NO Contact (RE13-C) connected in series with Foot Switch gets closed.
45. On pressing Foot Switch, Relay RE11 gets 0V Supply and gets energized.
46. NO Contact (RE11-A) connected in series with SCR Relay gets closed and SCR Relay
RE20 gets energized.
47. NC Contact (RE11-B) connected in series with Buzzer gets opened.
48. NO Contact (RE20-A) in SCR Firing Circuit gets closed and triggers the SCR gate.
Supply goes to P1 of H.T. Transformer and Exposure starts.
49. After time period of 5 minutes, Relay RE11 gets de-energized and NC Contact (RE11-
B) gets closed to sound the Buzzer.
50. Reset Switch is connected in parallel with Capacitor 1000 μF, 25V so that on pressing
this Capacitor gets discharged and gets Ready for charging when Foot Switch is
pressed again. If Reset Switch is not pressed before pressing Foot Switch again, then
Capacitor will make the RE11 to remain de-energized and Buzzer will sound.
Spot Film Mode*
51. If fluoroscopy mode is selected then Relay RE13 will be energized. Undercouch
Solenoid Coil is selected as Undercouch Coil is getting supply through NC Contact
(RE14-C). High Voltage and Rotor Connections from H.T. Tank will be made with
Undercouch Tube (Applicable only in Machines with Two Tubes operation).
52. 0V supply comes through one of the Micro Switches connected against Coil of
Undercouch Solenoid in H.T. Tank to Energize Relay RE16. NO Contact (RE16-A)
closes to give 24V Supply to Timer Card & Overload Card.
53. NO Contact (RE13-A) connected in series with pot type resistance of 200 Ohms, 50 W
gets closed and supply goes to Small Filament and Filament Starts glowing.
54. NO Contact (RE13-B) connected in series with Fluoro Contactor RE9 gets closed.
55. NO Contact (RE13-C) connected in series with Foot Switch gets closed.
56. On sliding the Cassette holder towards Lead Glass and Fluoroscent Screen, Micro
Switch i.e. Changeover Switch is pressed and energizes the Spot Film Relay RE10.
57. NO Contact (RE10-A) in series with Exposure Start Relay RE6 gets closed.
58. NO Contact (RE10-B) in series with Ready Relay gets closed and energizes the Ready
Relay.
59. NO Contact (RE10-C) in series with Filament Supply gets closed and supply goes to
Small or Large Filament depending upon mA Station Selected from Technic Selector
and Filament starts glowing.
60. NC Contact (RE10-D) in series with 200 Ohm, 50 W pot type Resistance for supply to
Small Focus Filament opens and supply to Small Filament through pot type Resistance
cuts-off.
61. NO Contact (RE10-D) in parallel with 1000 μF, 25V Capacitor gets closed and
discharges the Capacitor. It also bypass this Capacitor so that Capacitor does not charge
and Reset Switch need not to be pressed each time for Spot Filming.
62. NC Contact (RE10-L) in series with Relay Module gets open so that on Pressing Foot
Switch Memory does not initialize.
63. NO Contact (RE2-A) in series with Filament gets closed and Filament now gets
boosted voltage.
64. NO Contact (RE2-E) connected in series with Bucky Supply gets closed.
65. NC Contact (RE2-G) connected in series with Fluoro Contactor RE9 gets opened.
66. NO Contact (RE2-H) connected in Rotor Circuit gets closed to supply neutral to
Current Transformers to complete the path of Rotor and Stator of Tube so that Rotor
starts moving at 230V.
67. NC Contact (RE2-I) connected to KVP Card gets opened.
68. Due to flow of Current in Current Transformer’s (connected across rotor winding)
Primary Winding, Voltage is induced in Secondary and Relay RE3A gets energized.
69. NO Contact (RE3A-A) gets closed and gives supply of 24V to Timer Card.
70. Due to flow of Current in another Current Transformer’s (connected across stator
winding) Primary Winding, Voltage is induced in Secondary and Relay RE3 also gets
energized.
71. NO Contact (RE3-A) connected in line of Relay RE6 (Exposure Start Relay) gets
closed.
72. Due to supply of 24V in Timer Circuit, Capacitor of 470 μF in Timer Circuit starts
charging. After Time Delay of 0.8 or 1.5 seconds depending upon Tube, Capacitor gets
fully charged and supply is now available to Time Delay Relay RE4 in Timer Card so
that RE4 gets energized.
73. NC Contact (RE4-A) connected to 230V for supplying this voltage to rotor gets opened
and NO Contact (RE4-B) connected to 70V gets closed to supply 70V to Rotor.
74. NC Contact (RE4-B) connected in series with 1K Resistance across Current
Transformer gets opened so as to Compensate the Voltage drop across relay RE3 due to
voltage cut off from 230V to 70V.
75. Due to voltage drop across Resistance of 6.2 ohms connected in series with 70V supply
to Rotor Circuit, supply goes to input of Bridge Rectifier and Relay RE5 connected
across Bridge Rectifier’s output gets energized.
76. NO Contact (RE5-A) connected in line of Relay RE6 (Exposure Start Relay) gets
closed.
77. X-Ray Contactor RE8 also gets energized after sliding cassette holder and closes its
NO Contacts (RE8-A, RE8-B & RE8-C).
78. On pressing the Foot Switch, Relay RE11 gets energized and closes its NO Contact
(RE11-A) in series with Fluoro Contactor RE9.
79. When NO Contact (RE11-A) closes, Exposure Start Contactor RE6 gets energized.
80. NO Contact (RE6-B) connected Overload Relay RE12 in Overload Circuit gets closed.
This Contact is used to bypass the Overload once X-Ray Exposure Starts.
81. NO Contact (RE6-C) connected in series with Timer Chain in Timer Circuit gets closed
and starts charging Capacitor of 33 μF. NC Contact (RE6-C) connected across
capacitor gets opened.
82. Relay RE7 (Radio Timer Relay) gets supply from Timer Card and gets energized.
83. NO Contact (RE7-A) connected in series with SCR Relay RE20 gets closed.
84. NO Contacts (RE20-A) in firing circuit gets closed and triggers the gate of SCR.
Supply goes to P1 of H.T. Transformer and Exposure starts.
85. After preset time selected from Timer Switch, 33µF Capacitor gets fully charged and
supply to relay RE7 is disconnected. RE7 gets de-energized and NO Contact (RE7-A)
gets opened and de-energizes SCR Relay RE20.
86. NO Contact (RE20-A) opens and stops Exposure.
87. Relay RE15 (KVP Locking Relay) is connected to KVP Locking Card. KVP metering
Transformer and KVP Display Transformer gives supply to KVP locking Card, which
in turn energizes the Relay RE15.
88. KVP Locking Card senses the P1 P2 voltage and if KVP is more that 125 KVP it gives
supply to Relay RE15 otherwise it keeps RE15 de-energized.
89. NC Contact (RE15-A) connected in series with RE8 contactor gets opened in case of
more KVP and thus exposure does not take place.
7.1.2 The equipment should be switched ‘ON’ and voltage must be set at 230 V on voltmeter
before initiating any other step.
7.1.3 Wait for 5 minutes before exposure is initiated to ensure proper warm up of the
equipment.
7.1.4 Check filament glow inside the Tube Head through its window. If small focus is
selected from Technic selector on control then small filament should glow and if large
filament is selected from Technic selector on control then large filament should glow.
7.1.5 Always start with low rated exposure at low kV, mA & time and then gradually
increase the factors.
7.2.7 Check that all displays i.e. mAS, KVP etc. glow at all time intervals selected and at all
mA stations.
7.2.8 In case of double tube machines check that at Fluoro selection, the undercouch tube is
selected and at radio selection overcouch tube is selected. This can be verified by
looking at window in tube head for glow of filament.
7.2.9 Press “Ready” switch & observe that rotor of tube is moving.
7.3.2 Check the Radiography Timer Accuracy by disconnecting P1-P2 from the Tank.
Connect the Time Interval Meter / Counter Meter to the 1 No. Terminal of the TS-7.
For this purpose open connection from terminal 1 of TS-7. Connect one end of the
Counter Meter to the Open Terminal and one end to the Terminal End from where the
Connection has been removed. Press Ready switch and make an exposure. Check the
timer accuracy at 3-4 stations. If the time setting is not accurate to ± 2 %, then adjust it
from the 10 k pot in the Timer Card located near heat sink. To increase the time, turn
the pot in anti-clockwise direction. To decrease the time, turn the pot clockwise.
10 k POT
7.3.3 Check the Fluoroscopy Timer Accuracy. With the help of the Wrist Watch or the
Counter Meter check the Fluoro Timer. It should sound the buzzer after 5 Minutes. If
buzzer does not sounds after 5 minutes then adjust it from the pot on the Fluoro Timer
Card. There are two pots on the Fluoro Timer Card. The upper pot of 10 kΩ on the
Timer Card will increase the time duration if it is turned in the Anti-Clockwise
Direction. This is meant for the Fine Setting. The Lower Pot of 1 MΩ on the Timer
Card will increase the time duration if it is turned in the Clockwise Direction. This is
meant for the Coarse Setting.
10 kΩ POT 1 MΩ POT
mA KVP Time(Toshiba)
300 80 1.5
200 90 3.0
100 100 3.0
Overload Indicator should glow at all the above conditions. If required, overload
conditions can be adjusted from the pots provided for each mA station on the Overload
Card.
OVERLOAD CARD
7.3.5 Check for the FmA Pot locking and the movement ending at the end of the circular
movement.
7.3.6 Advance Contact has to be visually checked for its presence in case of Radiography
Contactor RE8 and Fluoro Contactor RE9.
7.3.7 Check for the Rotor Delay Time of 1.5 Seconds. After Ready pressing, listen the
ticking of the relay (RE4). The Relay should tick after the time spans mentioned
above. This time can be adjusted from the pot of 10kΩ in the Timer Card.
10 kΩ POT
7.3.8 Check the mA in mA meter at all stations by making exposure at 70 KVP. Adjust the
mA if required as follows:
Separate bands are provided on resistances for F, 50, 100, 200, 300 mA.. F, 50 & 100
mA bands are provide on small focus resistance of 750Ω, 200 W and 200, 300 mA
bands are provided on large focus resistance of 400 Ω, 200 W. If mA value is to be
increased in mA meter, then move the band for selected mA station in upwards
direction. If mA value is to be decreased then move the band for selected mA station in
downwards direction.
Large Focus
Small Focus Resistance
Resistance
7.3.9 Check the functioning of the Booster Transformer. Select following parameters:
(i) 100 mA, 70 KVP, 1.25 Seconds
The filament supply should be stable during the Exposure. This voltage is noted down
with the help of the calibrated Analog Multimeter placed between Xs and A1. These
are terminals 2-3 of TS12. If voltage is not stable during exposure across these
terminals, then adjust the booster resistance of 30 Ω, 200 W to achieve stability.
Booster
Resistance
7.3.11 Check the effect of space charge. Make exposures at the following parameters:
100 mA, 40 KV & 100 mA, 70 KV
Observe the mA at both the exposures. In case there is a variation of more than 5% in
the mA readings at two KVP values then adjust it from the space Charge Resistance
by moving band provided for 100 mA station.
Similarly, make exposure at 40 KV & 70 KV for 200, 300 mA station. And adjust the
mA setting from bands provided for 200, 300 mA stations. After adjusting space
charge resistance again calibrate mA as per step 7.3.8
Space charge
resistance
7.3.12 Check the Rotor Current of tubes. Place the calibrated tong tester around individual
terminals i.e. 1, 2, 3. Press the Ready Switch. Now note the two readings i.e. one
initially and second after some time delay for each terminal. The values of the
currents should be within the limits as follows:
7.3.13 Check the Rotor Voltage of tubes. Place the calibrated Digital Multimeter between the
Terminals 1-2 and then between 1-3 and finally between 2-3. Press the Ready Switch.
Now note the two readings i.e. one initially and second after 0.8 seconds time delay
between each set of terminals. The values of the Voltages should be within the limits
as follows:
Voltage Rotor Terminals Std. Values
Starting Voltage 1-2 220-270 V
Voltage after time delay 1-2 60-80 V
Starting Voltage 1-3 180-210 V
Voltage after time delay 1-3 50-60 V
Starting Voltage 2-3 280-330 V
Voltage after time delay 2-3 80-100 V
7.3.14 Check the P1-P2 voltage by placing calibrated digital Multimeter across P1-P2
terminals and making exposure as per following KVP chart. Voltages mentioned
below are On Load Voltages.
KVP Std. P1-P2 Voltage at
50 mA 100 mA 200 mA 300 mA
40 84 90 96 106
Coarse
Adjustment Pot
Fine Adjustment
Pot
KVP CARD
7.3.15 Check P1-P2 Current with Tong Tester. Also note down mA either visually on mA
meter or with the help of the mAS meter connected in series with the mA Meter.
The current mentioned in following chart is approximate value of current that flows
under normal operating conditions:
S.No. mA Station KVP Time (Seconds) P1-P2 Current
1 50 70 1.0 20 Amps.
2 100 70 0.8 40 Amps.
3 200 70 0.8 80 Amps.
4 300 50 0.8 120 Amps.
7.3.16 Check L.B.D. Supply across TS12 terminals 5-6 and TS11 terminals 9-10 (In case of
Double Tank Combination only) with calibrated digital multimeter. It should be
within 24 ± 1 Volts.
7.3.17 Check Bucky Supply across TS12 terminals 7-8 and pressing Ready switch. It should
be within 230 ± 10 Volts. For this purpose the Bucky should be at IN position.
7.3.19 Check locking of KVP at upper position. If KVP selected is more than 120 KVP, then
exposure should not be initiated by pressing X-ray exposure switch. If exposure is
initiated on pressing X-ray exposure switch then adjust KVP locking as follows:
Select 100 mA and 121 KV. The Overload conditions should not persist. Adjust the
pot on the KVP locking Card and notice the ticking of the RE15 Relay. At this
position the pot should be left in its position. There are two pots for fine adjustment.
7.3.20 Check the filament voltage Boosting between A1 and XS & between A1 and XL by
placing calibrated digital multimeter between TS –12 terminals 2-3. Note down the
reading of the Voltage initially and then note the voltage of the Filament after
pressing Ready switch.
The Boosting of XS should be about 50 Volts.
The Boosting of XL should be about 80 Volts.
7.3.21 Check the No Load Current of the H.T. Transformer. No Load Current of the H.T.
Transformer should be less than 1 Amp. For this purpose disconnect A1 from the
Tank. Keep the factors at 100mA and 50 KV. Expose and then take reading by
placing calibrated instantaneous tong tester around P1 or P2.
7.3.22 Check Vertical Bucky Supply (Incase it is provided) by placing calibrated digital
multimeter between TS12-8 & TS12-9 terminals (In case of X-Ray generator having
Radiography only) and between TS12-8 & TS19-7 (In case of X-Ray generator
having Fluoroscopy & Spot filming capabilities) Press the Ready Switch (Vertical
Bucky selected IN the circuit by Bucky selection switch provided on control) and
note the voltage. This voltage should be within 230 ± 2 Volts.
7.3.23 Check the Fluoro mA. Select Fluoro mode from control panel. Place calibrated tong
tester around P1 or P2 wires. Make exposure at maximum Fluoro mA by turning
Fluoro mA knob fully in clockwise direction and 70 KVP. Fluoro mA should display
3 mA and tong tester should display 1 Ampere. If reading is found different then
adjust it from F band on small focus resistance i.e. the same resistance from which 50,
100 mA bands are adjusted. If mA value is to be increased, then move the band for
selected mA station in upwards direction. If mA value is to be decreased then move
the band for selected mA station in downwards direction. At 1 Ampere on tong tester,
display should show 3 mA. If display value is not 3 mA, then adjust it from Fluoro
mA display card.
7.3.24 The Radiation and the Optical Field of the Collimator is always factory adjusted but in
case the adjustment gets disturbed then any shift in the X Axis can be adjusted with
the help of the Front Adjusting Screw. Any shift in the Y Axis can be adjusted with
the help of the Bulb. To check this select 100 mA, 60 KVP & 1 second. Place the
Fluoroscent screen under the collimator. Switch On the light field on collimator.
Adjust the light field to fall on area of fluoroscent screen. Switch OFF the light of
collimator and make exposure at selected factors in dark room. X-ray field must fall
on the area of fluoroscent screen. If alignment of light beam and X-ray field is not
matching then adjust either from front screw or bulb as required.
Press to ON
Switch
The QA programme begins with the specification of performance of the equipment at the
manufacturing stage (performance standards tests) and then includes the tests after
installation in the hospital (acceptance tests) to ensure conformity with the specifications.
The QA tests are carried out thereafter at regular intervals, after repairs that might affect
performance and when equipment malfunction is suspected.
The rate of film rejection – in other words, the number of retakes – may indicate inefficient
operation and this should be periodically analyzed to ensure good QA. This could also help
to identify performance deterioration, which requires service attention.
The radiologists and the radiographers should be educated on the importance of the QA tests.
The importance of obtaining good quality images keeping the doses to levels as low as
reasonably achievable (ALARA) to patients, staff and public must be stressed.
Simultaneously, requirements in respect of filtration, collimator, leakage radiation, safe work
practices and proper installation planning must be fulfilled.
The Q.A Tests as specified in the local radiation safety standards may be carried out. Please
refer to your country’s directives with regard to this.
8. TROUBLESHOOTING
S. Fault Possible Reasons for Fault
No. Symptoms
1 Machine does not Check three-phase supply at the main switch.
get ‘ON’
Check the fuses F1 and F2 (63 Amps HRC Fuses).
Check input supply 440 volts at Phase-to-Phase inside control.
Check the MCB, it should give continuity during “ON” position.
Check the continuity at TS11-2 and TS11-3. It should give continuity.
Check ON/OFF relay whether it is getting “ON” or not. If relay is getting
“ON” check the contacts of ON/OFF relay on Motherboard.
Check the contacts of RE1 contactor. This is a 4 NO NC, 16 Amp
contactor. All four contacts should give continuity when checked with
Multimeter by pressing its contacts manually. Also check the continuity of
On switch. It may be defective.
Check the voltage compensator switch. Some times if the machine is not
getting “ON” at a particular station the voltage compensator switch may be
open at that particular station, to check that select compensator switch at
that step and check the continuity of that particular wire up to Auto
transformer. This wire may be open from this end.
2 ON/OFF Not Transistor Q4 (CL 100) defective.
getting ON at
Motherboard
3 Voltmeter Check the three-phase supply at the Main Switch at its input and at the
showing half output side. One phase wire may be disconnected or one phase may be
reading missing from the main supply.
If 440 Volts input supply to control is available then check the 0 V wire for
voltmeter, it may be open at TS1-1.
If voltage at the back of voltmeter is 230 V but still voltmeter is showing
half reading that means voltmeter is defective.
4 F1, F2 Blowing These fuses F1 & F2 are H.R.C. fuses. These will only blow when the 63
off while Amps MCB used in machine is not working
switching ON the MCB Rating 32 Amp.
machine
1 no. Tap or 12 no. Tap of voltage compensator switch may be short
internally or externally. Due to this heavy current will flow through line or
neutral.
If MCB is functionally OK then it will trip. If MCB is not working then F1
& F2 will blow within seconds.
iii)
Check the mAs and KVP calibration.
a) Connect your mAs Meter in series with mA meter
Mounted on control and place your KVP meter under
the direct beam.
b) Make exposure at 70 KVP and note down the KV and
mAs readings. Then make exposure at 50KVP and
100KVP and note down the readings of mAs and KV
meter. mAs values should be approximately same at
all the three KVP stations.
c) To make the mAs value approximately same at all the
KV stations adjust the band of selected ma station of
the space charge resistance.
d) Similarly check and correct the mAs at all mA
stations.
42 RE-7 getting on and Check the timer resistance chain. Timer switch is not making
exposure beep is contacts.
blowing upon
pressing Ready
switch but no
exposure.
Lead Goggles
Protective Barrier
Lead Apron
Lead Gloves
Thyroid Shield
Gonad Shield
For optimum output of the equipment we should start writing the voltage drop during
exposure at Average working KVP Time and mA settings. This record at the time of
installation itself can be mentioned on the Machine History Card. The date and month of
Installation would help us actually know the extent of voltage drop as our experience
suggests that during the summer season; the voltage drop is on the higher side. During P.M
the Voltage drop can be checked with the reference value and is noted. Any increase in
Voltage Drop would thus be noticed and line checked for any loose connections etc. in the
mains switch/pole etc.
Inform customer in advance about your visit preferably through a letter/ telephone and agree
for a convenient time and date.
A). GENERAL:
Whenever visiting for any Preventive Maintenance, please ensure to carry all the Tools,
Meters, Grease, Lubricants, Machine History Card and consumables like the dusters, polish
etc. Please make sure that your Multimeter is calibrated with a Standard Meter lying in your
Branch Office.
1. On reaching the Customer’s site enquire from Operator/Doctor for any specific
problems they are facing with the equipment.
2. Rectify first the problems as indicated by the customer and then proceed as under for
carrying out the Preventive Maintenance
1. Before attempting to carry out the P.M. switch ON the equipment and check the
working of the Machine electrically and mechanically. Observe for any flaws, which
should be rectified during the course of P.M.
2. Observe all the Electrical/Mechanical/Radiation precautions while performing the
P.M.
3. Switch OFF the Main Switch, open the cover and tighten any loose contacts/screws.
Also check the fuse wire Rating and it must comply with the Rating of the equipment
in operation.
4. Open the control panel cover. Keeping the Machine in “OFF” condition tighten all the
screws on the Terminal Blocks/Resistance Taps etc.
5. Check the rating of all the Glass Fuses and replace if necessary.
6. Open cover of X-Ray / Line Contactors and check that contacts are not worn out or
burnt. Check the operation of the X-Ray contactor. It should not be sticky.
7. Make the Machine “ON” and check the accuracy of the Voltmeter (On Red Band
your Multimeter should read 230 Volts).
8. On “NO LOAD” check the Accuracy of Timer with the cycle counter/ stopwatch.
9. Giving exposure at 65-70 KVP, check the mA output of Machine at different mA
Stations and calibrate the mA output if required. Calibration of the mA Meter should
also be verified with your Multimeter. Check P1-P2 current at this time. Observe for
any abnormal behaviour of the Machine i.e. sparking, sounds from the Tube Head,
H.T. Tank, Main Switch etc. Visually cheek the Voltage drop on your Voltmeter.
It should be within 10%. In case it is on the higher side, check if the wiring used in
the mains is of appropriate thickness. Advise the customer accordingly.
Also check the filament supply during the exposure. It should remain steady. If not,
adjust booster resistance settings.
10. In case of 300/500 mA Machines, check for Tube Rotor sound and space charge
settings (i.e. the mA output of any station remains same if the KVP is varied between
40 and 85). Adjust if required.
11. Check the working of the Line and X-Ray contactors and clean the core and the
contacts of the X-Ray contactor.
C) MECHANICAL
1. Check all the movements of Tube Head, Tube Stand and Tables. Check for
functioning of all locks and ensure that all movements are smooth and noiseless.
Specially check for Vertical Carriage Up/Down Movement. Rectify wherever
required. Remove old grease with cloth and apply fresh grease on all movement areas
(wherever applicable).
2. Open the Table Top and brush out all the dust settled on the Grid and on the Bucky
Motor Area. Clean, apply lubricant and check the Bucky play, it’s lock and tighten all
nuts/bolts/screws in the Table.
3. You must ensure that the alignment of the Center Ray of Light Beam diaphragm
matches with the Table center and Bucky center (Adjust if required).
4. In case of the Motorized Table check the working of following:
a. SFD Movements
b. Table Movements
c. Functioning of the limit switches at the Horizontal and the Vertical positions
d. Check the functioning of the Safety micro switches
e. Check the functioning of the Electromagnetic Locks, prep switch, Hand
Switch and the change over switch.
f. The movement of the Table
g. Functioning of the Motorized collimator shutters from SFD. Adjust if
required.
5. Now check for Air Bubbles in Tube Head and ensure that all wires/cables on Tube
Head are tight. Check for bellow condition and any oil leakage. Ensure that the gap
between mA & G Plate is maintained at 2mm.
Check the Dark Room and its accessories for the following:
1. No light leakage in the Dark Room.
2. Safe light is of proper intensity.
3. Films used should not be beyond the expired dates.
4. Cassette locks are not loose.
5. Screen Quality should be OK and no staining of the screens.
6. Developer and the fixer are fresh and their temperature is maintained properly.
7. Wooden sticks are available for stirring of the Developer and fixer.
8. Radiographer/Operator is trained to handle Dark Room Accessories.
G) GENERAL
1. Enquire if radiographer/Operator needs any training for use of equipment & impart if
necessary.
2. Handover Equipment to customer.
3. Explain/show equipment to customer, apprise him of jobs undertaken.
4. Fill Machine History Cards and get the card/report signed from customer.
5. Inform tentative date of next Preventive Maintenance.