48A
analysis of slopes made of soil. It is shown that the
computation can i n c o ~ a t e a failure criterion which
agrees well with ~ a t trad~tlonally used in soil mechanics.
[[he behaviour of many idealized slol~es and of two ~sdbaz~
m~nt dams is predicted trader two different loading con-
ditions: that which &~lles dan-ing sequential construct-
ion in the field contra~ted ~Ith that which applies dur-
ing testing in %he centrifuge laboratory. Autho
468
WHALLEY, WB Q%~ I~NIV.BELFAST, GB
~ac~ors affecting the slope sta~illty of lateral
moraine faces with angles greater than 90 degrees.
Symposium. Summaries of papers.
MIDLAND SOIL MECH, FOLE~D.ENU,NG SOC.SYMP.0N ENGNG BE-
HAVIOI]K OF GLACIAL MATERIALS,BIRMINGHAM, APRIL, 1975.
The steepness of the proximal faces of Alpine moraines
has indicated a problem in explaining their stability.
A simple Culmann stability analysis for F=I showed that
very large values of angle (greater than 65deg. ) are
required to give stability with the apparent cohesion
intercepts determ~led from depth ].5in and large scale
triaxial tests. Cementation by salts from percolating
water has been discounted. It is thought that slow
compaction with a consolidation load due partly to
alternating positive and negative pore water pressures
may give rise to the very high bulk densities deter-
mined in the field ~ud that such processes may help ex-
plain the anomalous steepness of these slopes.
469
BOSS-BROWN, DM DAMES AND MDORE, L.AoCALIF.UBA
The influence of excavation technique on
rock slope design. Abstract of paper for Soc.
Min.~ugrs 1975 AIME Ann.Meetlng,New York.
MIN. ENGNG. ALME,V26, NI2, DEC. 197~, P60.
Factors such as blastlng,face cleaning,water control and
the use of rock improvement techniques are discussed and
related to rock slope design.The extra costs incurred
are related to the steeper slope angles usually obtained.
47O
PRIOR, DB Q U E ~ S UNIV.BELFAST,GB
GRAHAM, J ROY ,MILIT. COLL. KINGSTON, CDN
Landslides in the Magho districk of Fermauagh,
Northern Ireland. IBF,2T,23 R .
EI~GNG GEOL.V8, N4, DEC. 1974, P341-359.
"Notational slumps,shallow debris slides and active
shallow rotational slides are identified on slopes dev-
eloped on rocks of Carboniferous age.The rotational slides
occur on shales which weather to produce a clay-rich soil.
Direct shear tests ware conducted on the soil and conve-
ntional stability analyses suggest that the residual coh-
esion parameter is significant.Stability calculations inv-
olve the use of a dimensionless stability coefficient.Auth.
471
L0,KY
LEE3CF
An evaluation of the stability of natural slopes
in plastic Champlain clays.llF,4T,27R.
CAN. GEOTECH.J .Vll,N1, FEB, 1974, P165-181.
A method of stability analysis was developed to accomod-
ate the distinctly monlinear nature of the strength
envelopes for these clays in the low stress range app-
ropriate to stability problems.Using this method natural
slope failures were evaluated using strength character-
istics determined with block samples from sites of recent
slides in Quabac.The results of stability analyses of
eleven slides indicate that the field strength generally
approaches the post-peak condition.To verify this,the
state of stress of two slpoes before sliding was deter-
mined by a finite element method accounting for work-sof-
tening behaviour .Auth.
47Z
H~MEL, JV
Rock strength from failure cases .Leftbank slope stability
study-Libby Dam and Lake Koocanusa,Montama.Final report.39F,11T~
DEPT.ARMY, MISSOURI RIV.DIV.CORPS ENGR,OMAHA, USA.JULY 1974,239P.
Slope stability problems involving fault and Joint
hounded rock masses occurred in the left abutment and
left bank areas of Libby Dam during construction.Results
of investigations are summarized in the report where
emphasis has been placed on determination and interpret-
ation of in-situ shear strengths for geologic discontin-
uities in hard rock slopes .It was impossible to obtain
the degree of geologic information needed to reliably
evaluate the stability of the left bank rock ribs due to
the size and their structural complexity.Nevertheless
several conclusions were drawn concerning 1.failure con-
ditions for small rock wedges,2.in-situ shear strength
parsmeters for geologic discontinuities,end3.1eft bank
rib stabillty.Auth.
473
PITEAU, DR
Plan geometry and other factors relating to
natural rock slope stability applied to design of
De Beers mine.Report.57F,24T,17R.
TECH .BULL. 190. DEFT. ~ G Y , MINES, RESOURCES, OTTAWA, CDN.
JUNE, 1974,120P.
As part of a ms,or study relating to the stability of
rock slopes of De Beers mine and four other mines in
Kimberly, an attempt was made to determine the controlling
factors which either lead to or detract from the stab-
ility of the slopes.The main objective was to assess
whether the natural breskback of the slopes would Jeopar-
dise the main railway line near the pit .A study was made
of the slope breakback and other related factors in the
four big holes of the diamond mines in the area.
Groundwater problems
474
S'l-r.T~, GC UNIV" .OXFORD, GB
An assessment, using three field studies, of the
theoretical concept of the efficiency of drainage
layers in an embankment.lOF,7R.
G~DTECHNIQUE,V24,N4, DEC. 1974, P467-474.
Three embankments (one at Selset Dam-Teesdale, one at
Miraflores Dam, Colombia, and the M6 motorway trial e ~
bankment at Ki11~g~on-Wastmorland) have been studied.
In each case, the pore-water pressure that might be
expected to develop in the absence of drainage was cal-
culated. This was then compared with the measured pore-
pressure to estimate the degree of dissipation due to
the drainage system. By relating this to the calculated
efficiency, the theoretical concept can be assessed in
comparison with observed behaviour.
475
00CKSEI~E, JE
HIGHT,Z~
Some geotechnical aspects of road design and construction
in glacial materials. Symposium.~mm~ies of papers.
MIDLAND SOIL MECH.FOUND.ENGNG.80C.SYMP.ON ~GNG.BE-
HAVIOUR OF GLACIAL MAT .,BIRMINGHAM, AFRIL,1975.
A comparison of the engineering properties of glacial
materials investigated at the sites of ms,or road schemes
in Cumbria, Cleveland, the GlasgDw area and Northern Ire-
land is presented. ~ v a t i o n s in design and field con-
trol were necessary to incorporate some of these materials
into embankments and to allow their safe excavation in
cutting. Particular reference is made to the inclusion
of 'wet' boulder cl~vs within selected embankments and
the use of the Benke1-~n Beam and a 18rge compaction
 49A
machine as field control tools. The performance of
these materials during construct%gn is discussed and
attention is drawn to some of the difficulties they pose;
these include their resilient behaviour under traffic
loading, their susceptilbility to m~isture content change,
and the unpredictable ground water conditions with which
they are associated.Auth.
476
COCKSEDGE, JE
HIG}~2,IY~
Artesian slopes in glaciated landscapes and their
influemce on the stability of road cuttings. Symposium.
Summaries of papers.
MIDLAND SOIL MECH.FOUND.~GNG.SOC.SYMP.ON ENGNG.BE.
HAT/DUR OF GLACIAL MAT.,BIRMINGH~M, APRIL 1975.
An artesian slope is defined and the conditions necessary
for its development are reviewed. The stability problems
posed both during and after construction of road cuttings
in the till capping layer of an artesian slope are exa-
mined. Two case histories are presented in which the
existence of gla~_ial artesian slopes was recognised
and extensive drainage measures were necessary to ensure
stability of road cuttings. Auth.
Influence of dynamic loads due to explosions
or earthquakes
477
AWOJOBI, ~D UNIV. L~30S NIGERIA.
SOBAYO, OA
Ground vibrations due TO seismic detonation in oil
exploration. 8F, 5R.
INT. J. E~qTHQ. ENGNG. STRUCT. DYNAM.VB, N2, OCT- D ~ . 1974,
P171-181.
This paper records an empirical relation based on field
tests in Mid-Western and Rivers States of Nigeria. The
depth of the buried explosive is introduced as an additional
parameter TO the extent of vibration at the building site,
the distance of the building from the expiosive, the energy
content of the explosive, and the frequency of detonation;
and the resulting empirical relation shows the effects of
these parame.ters on the extent of surface vibration.
478
VF~LETSOS, AS RICE UNIV. HOUSqDN, TEXAS, USA
~,JW
Dynamic behaviour of buildlng-foundation systems.lhF,26R.
INT .J.E&~THQ. ~GNG. STRUCT. DYNAM .V3 ,N2,0 CT- DEC. 1974,
P121-138.
A discussion of the effects of soil-structure interaction
on the dynamic response of linear structures which res-
pond as single-degree-of-freedom systems in their fixed
base condition is pcesented. The structures a~e presumed
to be supported at the surfaces of a homogeneous, elastic
half space and to be excited at the base. The free-field
ground motions investigated include a harmonic motion, a
relatively s i d l e pulse-type excitation and an actual
earthquake record. Comprehensive response strata are
presented for a range of the parameters defining the pro-
blem and the results used To assess the accuracy of a
simple method of analysis the latter is discussed only
briefly. Emphasis is laid on results which show that
the interaction effect warrants design considerations.
Experimental and numerical techniques
479
HEIJ~,WJ
The dutch cone test: study of the shape of the elec.
trical cone. Conference.Session one.7F,3R .
PROC .EIGH~ INT.CONF.ON SOIL MECH.FOUND.ENGNG.
FDSCOW, VI. i, 1973, PISI- 18~.
Delft soil mechanics laboratory has carried out an exten-
sive series of tests, the results of which are discus-
sad in this paper, on the shape of the electrical cone
used for sounding the soil. A cone is suggested which has
a narrowed part just above the cone-shaped point, of
36me. diameter. This has advantages in that i) Results
are con~arable to those of the discontintous mechanical
sotundings, and 2) more detailed information is obtained
regarding the composition and strength of various soil
layer s.
48O
H~PER,JA OVE ARUP AND PARTNERS,IONDON,GB
Analysis of a circular raft in adhesive contact with a
thick elastic layer. 13F,4T,33R.
GEOTECHNIQUE, V2h, N4, DEC .1974, P561-580.
The problem ~onsidered is that of a circular raft of
finite flexibility in adhesive contact with a thick iso-
tcopic elastic layer underlain by a rigid base. Using
the displacemant finite element method, solutions are
obtained for a homogeneous layer and also for one particu-
lar form of linearly heterogeneous layer. Eight-noded
isoparametric elements are used, and the accuracy of
the numerical solution is shown to be adequate, provided
that certain simple procedures are followed.
481
GRAHAM, J
Plasticity solutions To stability problems in sand.
8F, IT,Z4R.
CAN.GEOTECH. J.VlI, N2,MAY, 1974, P238- 247.
Plasticity solutions for failut-e loadings in sand have
reached the stage where confidence can be expressed in
the available computational procedures. However, pre-
dicted loads often do not agree particularly well with
laboratory model results, and significantly over-estlmate
the ultimate loading on full-scale structures. If care
is taken in specifying boundary conditions to conform
wi%h observations of model behaviour, then ~Dod agree-
ment is obtained between theoretical and model results.
By using the curvature of the Mohr.Coulomb envelope
in the an~ulysis, it has beeu possible tO s~gest limits
TO the magnitude of the scale-effect in sands. These
have been con~ared with corresponding experimental values
for passive retaining walls and surface footings. Reasonable
trends of behaviour have been established. Auth.
4~
WILSON, G
Accurate measurement of dlsplacement.2F.
CAN. GEOTECH. J .Vll,N2, MAY 1974,1>306-309.
The effects of lateral displacements on building structures
may be accurateSJ and economically measured by the method
described here .The temsiorztug device of the Ports Mark II
Horehole Extensometer is graduated To 0.0025 cm.Some relat-
ively inexpensive hardware has been used To adapt this ins.
trument for measuring horizontal dlsplacem~nts using steel
tape.Reference points can be mounted on the columns of
existing buildings or in boreholes.Measucemants can be taken
by one person and over distances of 6m displacements can be
measured To an accuracy of 0.O91 cm under ideal conditions.
Auth.
Rock and soil improvement
techniques
Bolts and anchors
4~
IS~M
Suggested methods for rockbolt testing. 8F.
ISRM COMMISSION ON STANDARD.ZAB.FIELD TESTS.
COMMXTfnF~ ON FIELD TESTS,DOCUMENTjN23MAR.1974,16P.
This pap_r is presented in three sectio.n~:_ I) Suggested
methods for determining the strength of a rockbolt
anchor (pull test); 2) Suggested method for determining
rockbolt tension using a Torque wrench; 3) Suggested
~ethod for moniToring rockbolt tension using load cells.
For each suggested metl~d the scope, of the test,