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ABSTRACT
This research studied the parameters affecting on the strengthening of reinforced concrete beams
using steel plate. A steel plate was installed at the bottom of RC beams by fixing the anchors. The
size of beams was 15cm x 25cm in cross section and 2.70 m in length. The parameters used in the
study were: (a) 2 types of anchors used in fixing steel plate (mechanical anchor and adhesive
anchor); (b) with or without filling gap between steel plate and anchors with epoxy; (c) 2 different
patterns of installing anchors to fix steel plate with the beam, i.e. pattern 1: installing anchor only
on the shear span of the beam, and pattern 2: installing anchor on the entire length of the beam.
The beams were investigated by using four-point bending test with a span length of 2.50 m. An
LVDT was installed at the bottom and mid-span of the beam to measure deflection, and strain
gauges were also attached at different locations on the surface of the beam to measure strain of
materials during applying force. The test results showed that the use of steel plate to strengthen
RC beams could enhance significantly bending strength and stiffness of the beam. Beams with
adhesion anchors performed higher bending strength and stiffness than those with mechanical
anchors. Furthermore, the beams filling the gap between the steel plate and anchors with epoxy
would increase the bending strength and stiffness of the beam, and resulted to less deflection of
the beam. In addition, the beams using pattern 2 of anchor installation performed significantly
lower the stiffness and the bending strength of the beam than those using pattern 1 of anchor
installation.
1. INTRODUCTION 2. METHODOLOGY
3) Installation of strain gauges on the steel plate and RC beam surface at the specified positions as shown
in Fig 3.
2.3 Testing
2.4 Prediction of the maximum load
The beams were investigated using a four-points
bending test with a span length of 2.50 m as
The maximum flexural moment applied to the
shown in Fig. 4. Applied load gradually increases
at the center of the beam and divided into two beam can be predicted using strain compatibility
point. An LVDT was installed at the bottom and and equilibrium equations as shown in Fig. 5.
mid-span of the beam to measure deflection, and
strain gauges was attached at different locations
to measures strain of materials during applied
load.
Fig. 5 Strain and force distribution on the RC beam reinforced with a steel plate
Seminar HAKI 2018 August 28-30, 2018
PT. Hilti Nusantara Jakarta, Indonesia
Fig. 6 The relationship between applied load and deflection at midspan of the beams.
Based on Fig 6, it shows that strengthening the span (B2). Very good agreement is observed in
RC beam with a steel plate (B2-B6) can enhance RC beams without steel plate (B1), while RC
significantly the bending strength compared with beams with steel plate give more maximum load
RC beam without steel plate (B1-Control). The from testing than maximum load from prediction.
beam that can resist the most bending strength is
B5, i.e. RC beams with steel plate fixed with The stiffness of the RC beam at an applied load
adhesion anchors only on the shear span of beam can be obtained as
and filling gap between steel plate and anchors
with epoxy. It is also seen that fixing steel plate
with adhesion anchor (B2, B5) lead to higher
bending strength and stiffness than those with Table 3 Calculation of beam stiffness at the
mechanical anchors (B4, B6). For the beams applied load of 4,000 kg
filling gap between steel plate and anchors with
NO. Load Deflecti K
epoxy (B5, B6), they can resist more bending (kg) on (mm) (kg/mm)
load and have more stiffness than those beams B1 4,000 12.34 325.00
without filling gap with epoxy (B2, B4). B2 4,000 7.14 557.97
Moreover, the beam with the pattern for installing B3 4,000 8.25 487.39
anchors on the entire length (B3) has less bending B4 4,000 8.57 467.76
B5 4,000 4.90 814.88
strength and stiffness than the beam with the B6 4,000 5.45 733.92
pattern for installing anchor only on the shear
Seminar HAKI 2018 August 28-30, 2018
PT. Hilti Nusantara Jakarta, Indonesia
4. CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions could be made:
1) Strengthening RC beams using steel plate can
enhance bending strength and stiffness of the
beams.
2) Strengthening RC beams with steel plate and
using adhesion anchors could lead to the
better bending strength and stiffness than
those using mechanical anchors.
3) Strengthening RC beams with steel plate and
Fig. 15 Shear Stress in anchor of B2 filling the gap between the steel plate and
anchors with epoxy would enhance the
stiffness of the beams. As a result, less
deflection of the beam would be obtained.
4) Strengthening RC beam with steel plate, and
having pattern of installing anchor only on
the shear span could lead to more bending
strength and stiffness than those beams of
installing anchor on the entire length.
5) The anchors at the position near the midspan
of the beam trend to have the most shear
stress, because this position is in the area of
Fig. 16 Shear Stress in anchor of B4 highest tensile zone in steel plate which is
transferred to the anchor.
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
6. REFERENCES