CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

A. Background

Today, a construction is required to meet three very important aspects of civil engineering,
namely quality, cost and time. Whether that’s bridges, roads, dams, and buildings construction.
Because it is highly correlated to the level of satisfaction of service users. Building construction
has several structures that are highly constrained on the strength of the building, these structures
have a large share to drain the load received by the building so that the building remains strong,
safe and comfortable. Some parts of the building are foundations, walls, roofs, horses and so on.
One of the constructions that play a role in supporting the stability of the building is the order of
the roof truss.

Indonesia is one of the countries that has a culture very much, especially in terms of the
construction of the roof's "Lumbung" is a cultural construction of the roof that came from
Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. In this area culture is the most important thing to conserve and
explore, no exception in roof truss construction. So the writer have to explore traditional culture
to a rooftruss by combain “Lumbung” and “Joglo” to a polynesian truss design.

B. Aim
a. To design a roof truss that strong and economic with innovative concept in accordance with
the requirements of the competition
b. To introduce the cultures of Indonesia in terms of roof construction to the world through
"International Roof Design Competition 2018" at Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta
Indonesia.

C. Benefit / Advantage

By following the rooftruss design competition that held by Gadjah Mada University, later
the design as one of Indonesia's culture of roof construction can be realized so it can be explore
as a cultural wealth of Indonesia.

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 CHAPTER II

THEORY

The wood of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a type of wood from tropical areas, one of
these is Indonesia. jackfruit wood is quite strong, durable and resistant to termite attacks as well as an
anti-fungal, as it has an interesting pattern of jackfruit wood can often be used as furniture, home
construction and many other. The following classification is based on the table of the types of
Jackfruit wood woodenin IndonesiaWood quality measurement.

A. Measurement Quality Wood

The value of modulus elasticity (EW) MPa, can be predict by the equality (2.1). there’s
known G is density of wood in moisture content of the standard 15%, (Awalludin: 2005).

EW = 16.500 x G0,7 ... (2.1)

B. Tension Bar
Tension bar must be design to followed the equality, (Awalludin: 2015) :

Tu ≤ λ ϕt T’
There’s :
Tu = Factored tension force
λ = Time factor
ϕt = Reduction factor (0,8)
T' = Prisoners tension rectified.

C. Compression Bar
According to SNI – 5 about the rule of wood construction design (2002), compression bar
have to design in such away so that, (Awalludin, 2005) :
Pu < λ ϕc P ' ... (2.2)
P’ = Fc’ x Ag ... (2.3)
There’s :
Pu = Factored compressive force Fc ' = Corrected compression capacity λ
λ = Time factor P ' = Corrected compression resistant
ϕc = Reduction factor (0,9) Ag = Gross cross-sectional area

D. Bolt Connection
In general bolt connection have a function to support a perpendicular load to the axis. The
strength of bolt depend on Fem and Fes, bolt’s bending strain and L/D. When value of L/D is
little bolt will be stiff and distributed of wood’s footing strain under the bolt will be smooth.

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 CHAPTER III

ROOF TRUSS DESIGN

A. Material Specification
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), is a highly durable wood with a mass relatively small
and the yellow color. Strength and durability of jackfruit wood are classified in grade strength
IIII and grade durable II. Base on the experiments that we did, the spesification of jackfruit we
use are :
• Density (G) : 0,5 gr/cm3 (Attached)
• Modulus elasticity in bending (Ew) : 16.500 x G0,7 =10160,70 MPa
• Modulus elastisity (E) : 10.000 MPa (E10) (Table 4.2.1 SNI 7973:2013)
Table 3.1 E10 Design Reference Value
E10 Design Reference Values (MPa)

Fb Ft Fc Fv Fc
7,9 6,9 6,9 0,93 1,85

B. Design Load Analysis

The roof truss that we design is polynesian truss that contains “Lumbung” as the value of
Lombok culture. From strenght point, this roof truss can hold up load until 230 kg. The axial
force are done by SAP 2000 Analyze (Table attached).

Picture 3.1 Axial Force By SAP 2000 Analyze

a. Check the stability of truss

S = 2J – R
19 = (2 x 11) – 3 = 19 (stable)
b. Analysis of bars’s dimension
1. Compression Bars
 Technical Data
 Corection factors :
Table 3.2 Corection Factors of Compression Bars
CM Ct Cf Ci Kf ɸc
0,8 1 1 0,8 2,4 0,9

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  Load combination = 1D → time factor (λ) = 1
 Design dimension of bar
b = 20 mm
h = 30 mm
L1 = 254 mm
L2 = L1/2 = 127 mm
Ag = b x h = 600 mm2

Picture 3.2 Compression bar’s

Dimension
 Effective Length of Bar (Le)
Ke = 1 (column with the pins restrain)
Le1 = Ke x L1 = 1 x 254 = 254 mm
Le2 = Ke x L2 = 1 x 127 = 127 mm
 Flexibility Ratio (Le/d)
Le1/d1 = 254/30 = 8,47 (use the biggest value)
Le2/d2 = 127/20 = 6,35
Control, Use the biggest value → 8,47 < 50 (OK!)
 Compression Force (Fc*)
Fc = 0,8 x Fc (Table 3.1) x 0,75 (bar of class B)
= 0,8 x 6,9 x 0,75 = 4,14 MPa
Fc* = Fc x CM xCt xCf x Ci
= 4,14 x 0,8 x 1 x 1 x 0,8 = 2,65 MPa
 Cp Value
0,822 x Emin′
FcE = Le 2
( )
d
0,822 x 5000
= = 57,335
(8,47)2
Cp = 0,99
 Fc’ Value
Fc’ = Fc x CM xCt xCf x Ci x Cp x Kf x ɸc x λ
= 4,14 x 0,8 x 1 x 1 x 0,8 x 0,99 x 2,4 x 0,9 x 1 = 5,669 MPa
 P’ Value
P’ = Fc’ x Ag
= 5,669 x 600 = 3401,25 N → 345,713 kg
Control
P ≤ P’ → 333,27 kg ≤ 345,713 kg (OK !!!)

2. Tension Bars
 Technical Data
 Corection factors :
Table 3.3 Corection Factors of Tension Bars
CM Ct Cf Ci Kf ɸt
0,8 1 1 0,8 2,7 0,8

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  Load combination = 1D → time factor (λ) = 1 Design dimension of bar

b = 20 mm
h = 30 mm
L1 = 380 mm
L2 = L1/2 = 190 mm
Ag = b x h = 600 mm2
An = Ag/1,25 = 480 mm2

Picture 3.3 Tension bar’s

Dimension
 Ft’ value
Ft = 0,8 x Ft (Table 3.1) x 0,75 (bar of class B)
= 0,8 x 6,9 x 0,75 = 4,14 MPa
Ft’ = Fc x CM xCt xCf x Ci x Kf x ɸt x λ
= 4,14 x 0,8 x 1 x 1 x 0,8 x 2,7 x 0,8 x1= 7,154 MPa
 T’ value
T’ = Ft’ x An
= 7,154 x 480 = 3433,88 N → 350,039 kg
Control
Tu ≤ T’ → 306,72 kg ≤ 350,039 kg (OK !!!)

 Wood Demand
Dimension 20 (b) x 30 (h) = 508 cm estimated 550 cm (5,5 m) → 3,3 kg

c. Analysis of Bolt Connection

To connecting each other of bar, we used plates made from multiplex 6 mm that
connected to bar by bolts.

Picture 3.4 Joint Connection of Roof Truss Design

Example Joint D (9th bar)

• Joint spesification
Table 3.4 Joint Spesification (9th bar)
Diameter of Bolt (D) 5/16” = 7,9375 mm Fes 38,625 N/mm2
Tm (bar thickness) 20 mm Θ 52,194 O

Ts (plate thickness) 6 mm Rt = Tm / Ts 3,333

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Fyb 320 N/mm Re = Fem / Fes 1
Fem 38,625 N/mm2 Kθ = 1 + (θ / 360O) 1,09

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 • Lateral Reference Detention (Z)
Lateral reference detention at joint D is two section, so the yield mode used are :
Im → Z = 4668,084 N
Is → Z = 2800,850 N
IIIs → Z = 3861,711 N
IV → Z = 7715,388 N
Z = 2800,850 N (the smallest value)
• Zu value Correction factor :
Cg = 1; CΔ = 1; λ = 1; ϕz = 0,65
Zu = ϕz x λ x Cg x CΔ x Z
= 0,65 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 2800,850 = 1820,533 N → 185,581 kg
• The number of bolt (nf)
nf = P (compression force) / Zu
= 187,61 / 185,581 = 1,062 ≈ 2 (two piece of bolt)
• Geometric of bolt
Table 3.5 Geometric of bolt
Edge distance (1,5 D) 11,906 mm
End distance
Compression bars (4D) 31,75 mm
Tension bars (7D) 55,563 mm

Space (4D) 31,75 mm

Distance between rows
Picture 3.5 Bar and Plate dimension
(1,5D) 11,906 mm
 Bolt Demand
D 5/16” (0,793 mm) = 40 piece
D 1/4” (0,635 mm) = 36 piece

C. Structural Failure Analysis

This roof truss failure is designed on the joint E at the plate of the joint. Because on other
joint plates thickness are 6mm, but especially on the joint E the thickness of the plate is 4mm. So
we predict when the roof truss get failure, the first component that failure is the plates on the
joint E.

e.

Picture 3.6 Structural Failure Prediction Picture 3.7 Bar and Plate dimension

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 CHAPTER 4

DRAWING

Picture 4.1 Roof Truss Design (2D)

Picture 4.2 Roof Truss Design (3D)

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 Picture 4.2 Roof Truss Design (3D)

Picture 4.3 Detail A (2D) Picture 4.4 Detail A (3D)

Picture 4.5 Detail B (2D) Picture 4.6 Detail B (3D)

Picture 4.7 Detail C (2D) Picture 4.8 Detail C (3D)

Picture 4.9 Detail D (2D) Picture 4.10 Detail D (3D)

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Picture 4.11 Detail E (2D) Picture 4.12 Detail E (3D)

Picture 4.13 Detail F (2D) Picture 4.14 Detail F (3D)

Picture 4.15 Detail G (2D) Picture 4.16 Detail G (3D)