DP Semester One Examinations 2016

12th Physics (HL)

 Student Name _______________________

 Teacher’s Name: Will Stoll

Instructions/Equipment

Students are allowed to use a calculator and a blank data booklet which they have been
instructed to bring to the exam. Students have 110 minutes to complete the entire exam.

Time

 Time allowed: 110 minutes

 Total: ______/76
Name :_____________________________

Science Department

Grade 12

IB PHYSICS HL

Semester Exam
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

1. A conductor in the shape of a solid square is moving with constant velocity in a region of
magnetic field as shown in the diagram below.

velocity

magnetic field
into page

conductor

The direction of the field is into the plane of the page.

Which of the following diagrams correctly represents the separation of the induced
charges?

A. B. C. D.

–– –

+
+
+
+ – – +
+ – – +
+ – – +
–– –
+
+
+

(1)

2. A uniform magnetic field of strength B completely links a coil of area S. The field makes
an angle  to the plane of the coil.

area S

The magnetic flux linking the coil is

A. BS.

B. BS cos .

C. BS sin .

D. BS tan .
(1)
3. A lamp of resistance R is connected in series to a source of alternating voltage. The rms
value of the voltage is 20 V. The variation with time t of the power P dissipated in the
light bulb is shown below.

100

80

60
P/W
40

20

0
0 t

The best estimate for the value of the resistance of the filament of the lamp is

A. 4.0 .

B. 4.0 2 Ω.

C. 8.0 .

D. 8.0 2 Ω.
(1)

4. In the diagram, a long current-carrying wire is normal to the plane of the paper. The
current in the wire is directed into the plane of the paper.

Which of the arrows gives the direction of the magnetic field at point P?

A. W

B. X

C. Y

D. Z
(1)
5. The diagram below shows an ideal transformer.

input output

primary coil secondary coil

The transformer has n turns on the primary coil and 2n turns on the secondary coil. The
waveform produced on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (cro), when the cro is
connected to the primary coil, is shown below.

Which of the following diagrams shows the waveform displayed on the cro when it is
connected to the secondary coil? The settings of the cro remain unchanged.

A. B.

C. D.

(1)
6. The specific heat capacity c of a solid block of mass m is determined by heating the
block and measuring its temperature. The graph below shows the variation of the
temperature T of the block with the thermal energy Q transferred to the block.

The gradient of the line is equal to

c
A. .
m

m
B. .
c

C. mc.

1
D. .
mc
(1)

7. Which of the following will not affect the rate of evaporation of a liquid?

A. The temperature of the liquid

B. The surface area of the liquid

C. The mass of the liquid

D. Convection currents of air above the liquid surface

(1)
8. The circuit shown is used to charge a capacitor C through a resistor R.

Which set of graphs correspond to the variation with time t of potential difference V across
the capacitor and the current I, in the circuit, from the time that the switch is closed?

(1)
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
9. An ideal gas undergoes the thermodynamic changes represented in the P –V diagram below
(P → Q → R → P).

3
Volume / m

Which of the following is the net work done by the gas in a cycle?

A. 4.5 × 105 J

B. 3.0 × 105 J

C. 1.0 × 105 J

D. Zero
(1)

10. Which of the following is equivalent to the principle of energy conservation?

A. Newton’s first law

B. The first law of thermodynamics

C. Newton’s second law

D. The second law of thermodynamics

(1)

11. The albedo for the oceans is lower than that for glaciers. This is because, compared to ice,
sea water

A. has a greater density.

B. has a greater specific heat capacity.

C. has a greater coefficient of volume expansion.

D. absorbs a greater amount of radiative power.

(1)
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
12. Boiling water in a beaker is heated continuously. Steam escapes into the surroundings.
Which of the following correctly lists the entropy changes of the boiling water and the
surroundings?
boiling water surroundings

A. increases constant

B. increases increases

C. decreases constant

D. decreases increases
(1)

13. A wind turbine produces a power P when the wind speed is v. Assuming that the efficiency
of the turbine is constant, the best estimate for the power produced when the wind speed
becomes 2v is

A. 2P.

B. 4P.

C. 6P.

D. 8P.
(1)
14. What is the SI unit of energy density?

A. Js-1

B. Jkg-1

C. Jm-2

D. kgm-3

(1)
15. For a black-body at absolute temperature T the power emitted per unit area is P. What is the power
emitted per unit area when the temperature is decreased to 12T?
𝑃
A. 32
𝑃
B. 16
𝑃
C.
8
𝑃
D.
4

(1)
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
16. The diagram below shows an energy flow diagram (Sankey Diagram) for a car.

What is the efficiency of the car?

A. 30%

B. 40%

C. 70%

D. 100%
(1)

17. A wave pulse is travelling to the right along a string.

Which of the following best represents the direction of the velocity of the point P?

A. ↑

B. ↓

C. →

D. ←
(1)
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
18. Which of the following gives the conditions for maximum amplitude in forced, but damped,
oscillations?

Driving Frequency Damping

A. greater than the natural frequency as large as possible

B. equal to natural frequency as large as possible

C. greater than the natural frequency as small as possible

D. equal to natural frequency as small as possible

(1)

19. An object undergoes simple harmonic motion. Which graph shows the relationship between the
acceleration a and the displacement x from the equilibrium position?

(1)
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
20. Light travelling from water to air is incident on a boundary.

Y
Z air
X water
W

Which of the following is a correct statement of Snell’s law for this situation?

A. sin Z = constant × sin Y

B. sin W = constant × sin Z

C. sin X = constant × sin Z

D. sin W = constant × sin Y

(1)
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
Section B: Answer all questions

1. A bar magnet is suspended above a coil of wire by means of a spring, as shown below.

Spring

Magnet

Coil

The ends of the coil are connected to a sensitive high resistance voltmeter. The bar magnet is
pulled down so that its north pole is level with the top of the coil. The magnet is released and
the variation with time t of the velocity v of the magnet is shown below.

0 t
0

(a) On the diagram above,

(i) mark with the letter M, one point in the motion where the reading of the
voltmeter is a maximum;

(ii) mark with the letter Z, one point where the reading on the voltmeter is zero.
(2)

(b) Explain, in terms of changes in flux linkage, why the reading on the voltmeter is
alternating.
(2)

(Total 4 marks)
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
2. Magnetic and electrical force fields

A proton is accelerated from rest in a vacuum through a potential difference of 420 V. The
proton then enters a region ABCD of uniform magnetic field as shown.

A B

path of proton

D C

The magnetic field is directed into the plane of the paper. The field strength is 15 mT.

(a) (i) Calculate the speed of the proton as it enters the region of the magnetic field.
(2)

(ii) The path of the proton as drawn on the diagram is in the plane of the paper. The
proton enters the region ABCD of the magnetic field and leaves through the
side BC. On the diagram above, draw the path of the proton within and beyond
the region ABCD of the magnetic field. Label the path P.
(2)

(iii) Determine the magnitude of the force due to the magnetic field that acts on the
proton while the proton is in the region ABCD.
(2)

(b) A uniform electric field is applied in the region ABCD. A second proton enters the
region ABCD with the same velocity as the proton in (a). The electric field is adjusted
so that, as the proton enters this region, the force on the proton due to the electric field
is equal but opposite in direction to the force due to the magnetic field.

(i) On the diagram above, draw an arrow to show the direction of the electric field.
Label this arrow E.
(1)
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
(ii) Determine the magnitude of the electric field strength.
(2)

(c) (i) State Lenz’s law.

(2)

(ii) Explain how Lenz’s law is consistent with the law of conservation of energy.

(2)

(d) A rectangular window PQRS has a metal frame. The window is hinged on the vertical
side RS as shown below.

hinge
R
Q
32cm

wall wall
95cm

S
P

The window has width RQ of 32 cm and height PQ of 95 cm. When closed, the
window is normal to the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field of field
strength 18 T. The window is opened through an angle of 90 in a time of 0.34 s.

(i) Assuming that the flux linkage changes at a constant rate, calculate the emf
induced in the frame of the window as it is being opened.
(3)
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
(ii) State across which parts of the frame the emf is induced. Explain your
reasoning.
(2)

(iii) Outline whether a vertical magnetic field, parallel to PQ and RS, would result in
an induced emf as the window is opened.
(2)

(Total 20 marks)

3. This question is about gases and thermodynamic processes.

(a) State one way in which a real gas differs from an ideal gas.
(1)

(b) The diagram shows how the pressure p varies with volume V of an ideal gas that
undergoes a cyclic change of state.

AB and CD are adiabatic changes of state. The pressure at point B is 1.8 × 105 Pa and
the change in volume of the gas between B and C is 4.8 ×10–4 m3.

(i) State what is meant by an adiabatic change of state.

(1)
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
(ii) The change in volume of the gas between B and C takes 0.020 s. Determine the
power developed during this change of state.
(2)

(iii) State during which part of the cycle thermal energy is transferred from the gas
to the surroundings.

(1)

(c) The energy transferred is degraded. Explain what is meant by degraded energy.
(2)

(d) Discuss how your answer to (c) relates to the second law of thermodynamics.

(3)
(Total 10 marks)

4. This question is about fuel for heating.

(a) Define the energy density of a fuel.

(1)

(b) A room heater burns liquid fuel and the following data are available.

Density of liquid fuel = 8.0 × 102 kg m–3

Energy produced by 1 m3 of liquid fuel = 2.7 × 1010 J
Rate at which fuel is consumed = 0.13 g s–1
Temperature at which air enters heater = 12 °C
Temperature at which air leaves heater = 32 °C
Specific heat capacity of air = 990 J kg–1 K–1
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
(i) Use the data (on the previous page) to calculate the power output of the room
heater, ignoring the power required to convert the liquid fuel into a gas.

(3)

(ii) All the energy output of the room heater raises the temperature of the air
moving through it. Use the data to calculate the mass of air that moves through
the room heater in one second.

(3)

(Total 7 marks)

5. This question is about simple harmonic motion and waves.

(a) A particle of mass m that is attached to a light spring is executing simple harmonic
motion in a horizontal direction.

State the condition relating to the net force acting on the particle that is necessary for it
to execute simple harmonic motion.
(2)
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
(b) The graph shows how the kinetic energy EK of the particle in (a) varies with the
displacement x of the particle from equilibrium.

(i) Using the axes above, sketch a graph to show how the potential energy of the
particle varies with the displacement x.
(2)

(ii) The mass of the particle is 0.30 kg. Use data from the graph to show that the
frequency f of oscillation of the particle is 2.0 Hz.
(4)

(c) The particles of a medium M1 through which a transverse wave is travelling, oscillate
with the same frequency and amplitude as that of the particle in (b).

(i) Describe, with reference to the propagation of energy through the medium, what
is meant by a transverse wave.
(2)
IB HL Physics Semester Exam
(ii) The speed of the wave is 0.80 m s–1. Calculate the wavelength of the wave.
(1)

(d) The diagram shows wavefronts of the waves in (c) incident on a boundary XY
between medium M1 and another medium M2.

The angle between the normal, and the direction of travel of the wavefronts is 30°.

(i) The speed of the wave in M1 is 0.80 m s–1. The speed of the waves in M2 is
1.2 m s–1. Calculate the angle between the direction of travel of the wavefronts
in M2 and the normal.
(3)

(ii) On the diagram, sketch the wavefronts in M2.

(1)
(Total 15 marks)