PROJECT

OF
PHYSICS
BY:

NAME: ANUBHAV MALIK

CLASS: 12TH ‘A’

TOPIC: FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

SCHOOL: JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA

 INDEX
1. CERTIFICATE 11. PRECAUTIONS

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 12. BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. INTRODUCTION

4. AIM

5. MATERIALS REQUIRED

6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

7. PROCEDURE

8. WORKING

9. OBSERVATION

10. USES
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ANUBHAV MALIK, a student of class
XII-A has successfully completed the project titled “FULL
WAVE RECTIFIER” under the guidance of Mr. SUSHIL
(Subject Teacher) During the academic year 2018-2019 in
partial fulfillment of physics practical examination
conducted by CBSE in JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
MOULI PANCHKULA school

Signature of EXTERNAL Signature of PHYSICS

examiner teacher

Signature of PRINCIPAL
Madam
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many

people have best owned upon me their blessings and the
heart pledged support, this time I am utilizing to thank all the
people who have been concerned with project.

Primarily I would thank god for being able to complete this

project with success. Then I would like to thank my principal
Miss. RENU SHARMA and physics teacher Mr. SUSHIL, whose
valuable guidance has been the ones that helped me patch
this project and make it full proof success his suggestions and
his instructions has served as the major contributor towards
the completion of the project.

Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who have

helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance has
been helpful in various phases of the completion of the
project.
INTRODUCTION
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating
current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct
current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process
is known as rectification. Rectification produces a type of DC
that encompasses active voltages and currents, which are
then adjusted into a type of constant voltage DC, although
this varies depending on the current's end-use. The current is
allowed to flow uninterrupted in one direction, and no
current is allowed to flow in the opposite direction.

Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including

vacuum tube diodes, mercury-arc valves, copper and
selenium oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes, silicon-
controlled rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor
switches. Rectifier circuits may be single-phase or multi-
phase. Most low power rectifiers for domestic equipment
are single-phase, but three-phase rectification is very
important for industrial applications and for the transmission
of energy as DC.
 AIM
To construct a Full Wave Bridge rectifier and show
that the (AC) alternating current is rectified into a
direct current (DC).
MATERIALS REQUIRED
1. Connecting Wires
2. Single Lead Wire- 2m
3. Three Nuts & Bolts 2-3cm length
4. Circuit Board
5. A Transformer (6V)
6. A Resistor
7. P-N Junction Diodes
8. A LED
9. Insulation Tape, Blades, Soldering Wax,
Soldering Lead, Soldering Iron & Sand Paper
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 PROCEDURE
Take the transformer and attach it to one end of the
circuit board. Attach the plug with the wire of
desired length and connect it to the transformer AC
In. now, take four diodes and connect the 4 diodes
into a loop. Connect the anode of diode D1 to the
anode of D2. Connect the cathode of D2 to anode of
D3.connect the cathode of D3 to anode of D4 and
connect the anode of D4 to cathode of D1. The
output of transformers should be connected to A
and C. Now, take two capacitor and connect its –ve
terminal to –ve and +ve terminal to +ve. And
connect both the capacitors to B and D. Connect a
resistor and a LED to the capacitor. Attach wire from
the capacitors and connect it to the output device.
 WORKING
The peak voltage of the output waveform is the same as before
for the half-wave rectifier provided each half of the transformer
windings have the same rms voltage. To obtain a different DC
voltage output different transformer ratios can be used. The
disadvantage of this type of full wave rectifier circuit is that a
larger transformer for a given power output is required with two
separate but identical secondary windings makes this type of
full wave rectifying circuit costly compared to the Full Wave
Bridge Rectifier circuit.

Given Circuit gives a overview on working of full wave rectifier.

A circuit that produces the same output waveform as the full
wave rectifier circuit a is that of the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier.
Single phase rectifier uses four individual rectifying diodes
connected in a closed loop bridge configuration to produce the
desired output wave. The advantage of this bridge circuit is that
it does not require a special center tapped transformer, so it
reduces its size and cost. Single secondary winding is
connected to one side of the diode bridge network and the load
to the other side.
he four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in
series pairs with only two diodes conducting current
during each half cycle duration. When the positive
half cycle of the supply goes, D1, D2 diodes
conduct in a series while diodes D3 and D4 are
reverse biased and the current flows through the
load. During the negative half cycle, D3 and D4
diodes conduct in a series and diodes D1 and D2
switch off as they are now reverse biased
configuration.
Current flowing through the load is unidirectional
mode and the voltage developed across the load is
also unidirectional voltage, same as for the previous
two diode full-wave rectifier model. Therefore the
average DC voltage across the load is
0.637V.During each half cycle the current flows
through two diodes instead of just one doide, so the
amplitude of the output voltage is two voltage drops
1.4V less than the input VMAX amplitude, ripple
frequency is now twice the supply frequency 100Hz
for a 50Hz supply or 120Hz for a 60Hz supply.
 OBSERVATION &
CONCLUSION
On connecting a voltmeter to the output of bridge circuit 6V
current is coming.
 USES

Most electronic device cannot withstand very high voltage or

alternating current due to its intense high power. The use of batteries
in all devices is not practical as their replacement and durability is a
huge problem as the devise has to be dismantled each time for such
replacement. So these rectifiers are used in most of the electronic
devices like TV‟s, Radios, Chargers and Lightings etc. The common uses
of rectifiers are to supply polarized voltage for welding, detection of
amplitude modulated radio signals
PRECAUTIONS

1. Keep safe yourself from high voltage.

2. Solder the wire safely.
3. While soldering don’t touch the soldering tip.
4. Solder under adult supervision.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. HELP FROM TEACHERS 2. HELP FROM INTERNET

3. NCERT TEXTBOOK
4. HELP FROM PARENTS AND SISTER(Shivani)
5. HELP FROM FRIENDS

WEBSITES:
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
www.wikipedia.com
Thank
you