Gender Theories-lets you see, very masculine

Feminism

Why Feminism

-Invisibility

Subordinations of roles (women’s role although essentially,

Exclusion-women are not rpesent, not because of their lack of ability but rather the society
excluded them

Manifestastion is very local, it depends on the state

Citizenship-aristotlelian ideal, white priveledged and male privileged, kids and women)

Why give them benefits if they are not contributing.

Taking of last names

Because there are women boss, it doesn’t mean we are leading to women
empowerment

Just because you have the norm

Jusily-universal citizenship

War (sundalo lang, nbut war, it also includes women, but they have very segregated young
roles,. Women waiting for their wives who is in the war. But who makes sure the one who
prepares for their needs

Feminist- different waves different discourse

Evolves over time (concept)

meaning varies over time, historically dependent and socially dependent

it doiesn;doesn’t only forward

your perspective is a very male-male-centred

includes LGBT and kids

Circle of feminists has become steadily large and more inclusive of people from diverse
nackgrounds

There are differences among women experiences

Contemporary Theories (What about women, asan na yung kababaihan)

OPressed because magkaiba naan Talaga yung babae at lalaki

Gender Differences

Cultural Feminism

Biological Functions

Institutions-0Different roles, division of labor (mom gagawa ng household

chores)

Socialization-playing various life roles (Mother, father, pretend play)

Marginaization of women-“Other” sinasantabi yung women compared sa guys

Response: Glorify the feminine roles and (pagaalaga ng bahay, mga bata, emotional support)

Problematic Because it is just perpetuating gender stereotype

Gender Ineqaulity

men and women are situated inequally

organization of society

self-actualization

responding to both egalitarian social structures and situations

2. Opressed and Women kasi magkaiba na nga sila ng lalaki, yung mga inaattribute pa na
characteristics is mas less kesa sa lalaki (situated pa lower yung mga babae)

LIBERAL FEMINISM- women may equality with men on the basis of an essenytial human
capaciyty for reasoned moral agencu

Patriarchal plus sexist patterning of the division of klabor

produced by transforming the division of labor through the repatterning of key

institutions

RESPONSE:

Seek reforms sa estate (legal reforms)

Give women rights

States: Liberal States: the states recognizes your rights oiver your obligations

Karapatan yung una

Rights to self actualization

Conservative Estate

una yung obligation over the rights

Socio democratic- hand in hand yung rights and obligations

Oo magkaiba sila pero bakit di mo sineswelduhan yung babae

Feminization of Poverty- Single mother

3. GENDER OPPRESION- gender opression and inequality are only products of gender
opression theoriests

san nanggagaling yung energy ng men to keep up the patriarchial society

Psychoanalytic Feminism- unconscious

Women are less afraid of death because they can bear children

Early Childhood Development- what you learned before will translate to your future

1. Tension between individualization and recohgnition 2 women as careguver

Male Child VS Female Child

ambivalent feelings about ourselves

acting submissive and forming close bonds with opther females

Restructure childbearing practices and psychocultural rewoprkingh on orientation

towards death

ANSWER: well magakaiba na nga yung experience and roles, seen pa yung roles as
less, nakakababa yung mga babae kesa sa lalaki, dahil yan sa mga lalaki, so you introduce
patriarchy, male oppression

Bata pa lang nakikita na nila na nakababa yung nanay nila so they find women who are
motherly

RADICAL Feminism

Based on two central beliefs:

1. Absolute positive value of woman

2. Women are violently oppressed by patriarchy everywhere

Patriarchy as the first structure of domination and submission

Forms of Violence: Overt (rape, sexual abuse, protitution)

Covert forms (complex practices where women are exploited, standards of beauty, mas
navavalue yung virginity but for men hindi, physical force na merong difference between their
biological make up, force to establish control)

Rework the consciousness of women by having a broad based sisterhood, Lesbian

feminism (freedom can only be achieved by _____)

 Liberal feminism- both can work hand in hand but in radical feminism, we need gto
prove them that we don’t need them

You can’t face patriarchy head on, kasi you are brought upon in a patriarchal society, so if you
are a feminist and you are asking money for gas,

you need a perspective where you can relate such as envi feminism

4. Structural Feminism

Marxist and Radical Feminism (men are intentionally opressing women)

mean fear death, they need to find women who they can

1. Material Feminism-

1. Horizontal, Loy paying job to another

1. Requires to look presentable

2. Patriarchy or Capitalism

Intersectionality Theory (Crenshaw)

Women experience opression in varyiong cvonfigurations and degrees of intensity

White Feminism-women are opressed in the house because they work in the private
sphere unlike men na nasa public sphere

Home is a refuge for black women,you are less oppresed in the women compared when
you are outside

When we talk about opression against women, we should not discriminate the
opression to those in the lower group

DANGER: a lot of vectors of opression,

you treat it like an Alympic of opression

In a way there;s a tebndency to invalidate yung ibang people na di opressed sa ibang

vectors

Di tayo nagpapadamihan, it is only a call of understanding,

People experience greater forms of eppression, depending on the vectors of opression

Class, Gender, Ethnicity/Race (Trinity of Intersectionality), Physical Appearance,

Education, Manner, Unlimited

“Hindi lang sya by men alone, nagpopropagate sa structure”

INTERACTIVE INTERSECTIONALITY (Ferree)

Actually intersectionality is a process where in all the vectors influence each other, sa
una kasi parang static, parang meron syang connection at etong connection ay nagmamanifest

3d wherein all vectors intereact with each other kasi they are process

QUEER THEORY- ouytside binary sexualityies

Sex-male/female

Gender-Masculin/

Dapat kung may ka, masculine ka dapat, kung female ka feminine ka at heterosexual ka.

Binaries are ideological constreucts to establish heirerchies.

Gay are treated: discrimination

SOCIOLOGISTS: may power from the external forces na kung ano dapat identity mo, pero
Butler said na it is in you, innate

Heteronormativity: set of norms that makes heterosexuality “good” and homosexuality the
opposite

Concept of gay came from Western influence, they started it, binary are not only may
opansexual etc.

Meron din kasi na tinitingnan yung class, ethnicity, before sex,

QUEER ANALYSIS:

Drag Queens-

 Hetero and Homo is etched deeper In public life (Tinotolerate lang naman di naman
Talaga accepted, because if accepted then dapat wala yung third bathroom and hinahayaan
yung bakla to use girls bathroom)

Pagmahirap ka, sa kalye ka, nagiging masculine sya if she

Behaving out of the norm-

Queer Analysis is very affected by postmodernism

Postmodernism on power: should be critiqued

Power is possessed by people and there are

Power is over and above everyone (Hangin)

Everyone has the power to excercise power,

Burge has the powerful impact

With this power, there is resistance (they coexists)

Everyone has the ability to excercise power

Power is never possessed

Judith Butler: All of us are just products of power, power relationship and not the other
way around, so this gender expression, is all consituted by primordial excercise of power, so
arbitrary

What is the rational to ask men to cut their hair?

Ginagawa kasi ginagawa ng lolo and lola natin before, gaya gaya, gender
performance ay gaya gaya lamang, we are all just copies of copies, and these copies have no
original

If you’re purposefully copying what they copied, you’re a parody, example of these are drag
queens (They copy the gender ___ at the moment)

Modernist yung binary (Marx, Binary, protariat and borgeoiune, master vs slave)

The world can be better

Post modern (Labo labo, no straight progress)

Sexuality is desire, kung san ka attracted

Gender is the performance (the way you conduct, the way you dres sis only a copy of a copy
also)

Gender is very socially cosntructed

Differengt strands of feminism- Radical ayaw Talaga iinclude yung boys