LABORATORY REPORT

SKF 3023: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II

Semester 2 Session 2017/2018

ID NUMBER AND NAME 1. MOHD HAFIZ AIMAN BIN ABDULLAH

D20162075602

2. MUHMMAD FAIRUZ BIN MOHAMAD HANAFI

D20162075607

LECTURER DR. NORLAILI BINTI ABU BAKAR

EXPERIMENT NO. 6
TITLE CONCENTRATION CELL AND LIQUID JUNCTION
POTENTIAL
DATE & DAY

CHECK LIST (Please tick) Marks

Title 5
Objective(s) 5
Methods 10
Results (Observation, Data, 30
Calculation, etc.)
Discussions and questions & 35
answers (if appropriate)
Conclusion(s) 10
References (at least 2) 5
TOTAL MARKS 100

Department of Chemistry
Faculty of Science and Mathematics
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS
OBJECTIVE

1. To determine the standard electrode potential of silver electrode (Ag/Ag+), E 0 Ag / Ag+

2. To determine an activity of 0.01 M AgNO3 solution at room temperature

3. To determine liquid junction potential, Ej using concentration cell and transference.

METHOD

Apparatus used: Beaker 100 ml, three necks u-tube, calomel electrode, mv meter and glass u
tube/filter paper
Chemical used: Salt bridge (saturated KNO3), argentum electrode, argentum nitrate and
potassium nitrate
Procedure: From jotter

Picture Of Experiment

RESULT AND CALCULATION

(a) KNO3 (saturated) as a salt bridge:
Ag (s) | AgNO3 (0.1 M) || KNO3 (saturated) | KCl (saturated), Hg2Cl2 | Hg (l)
a) -0.41 V
(b) KNO3 (saturated) as a salt bridge:
Ag (s) | AgNO3 (0.01 M) || KNO3 (saturated) | KCl (saturated), Hg2Cl2 | Hg (l)
b) -0.37 V
(c) KNO3 (saturated) as a salt bridge:
Ag (s) | AgNO3 (0.1 M) || AgNO3 (0.01M) | Ag (s)
c) 0.04 V
(d) 0.1 M AgNO3 as a salt bridge:
Ag (s) | AgNO3 (0.1 M) || AgNO3 (0.01M) | Ag (s)
d) -0.05 V

1. Calculate the Ag|Ag+ E for cell (a) using equation (6.1) if e.m.f of the calomel electrode is
0.242 V.
Ecell = Eright - Eleft
= Ecalomel - E Ag|Ag+

= 0.242 V – (-0.41 V)

= 0.652 V

2. Calculate the E0 Ag|Ag+ using equation (6.2) if Ag+ a in AgNO3; 0.1 M is 0.1 x 0.734
E Ag|Ag+ = E0 Ag|Ag+ - RT ln 1
F aAg+
E0 Ag|Ag+ = 0.652 V + (8.314 JK-1mol-1)(298K) ln 1___
96 485 Cmol-1 0.1 x 0.734
= 0.719 V

3. Calculate the Ag|Ag+ E of cell (b) using equation (6.1)

Ecell = 0.242 V – (-0.37 V)
= 0.612 V
4. Calculate Ag+ a of AgNO3 0.01 M solution using E Ag|Ag+ value from cell (b) and the obtained
E 0 Ag|Ag+
E Ag|Ag+ = E 0 Ag|Ag+ - RT ln 1
F aAg+
aAg+ = eln 1 – [ 0.719 V – 0.612 V] 96500 Cmol-1
(8.314 JK-1 mol-1) (298K)

= 0.015

5. Calculate the difference between Ecell part (a) and Ecell part (b). Compare with Ecell part
(c) and give your comments.
Difference (a) and (b) = -0.37 V – (-0.41V)
= 0.04 V

6. Calculate Ecell part (c) using Equation (6.3) and compare with the experimental value
and give your comments.
Ecell = RT ln (a Ag+) a
F (a Ag+) b
= (8.314 JK-1 mol-1) (298K) ____ ln 0.0734
96500 Cmol-1 0.015
= 0.04 V

7. Calculate Et using Equation (6.4) if the transference number for 3 NO- ion is 0.535 and
compare with Ecell part (c). Give your comments.
Et = 2(tNO3-) RT ln (a Ag+) a
F (a Ag+) b

= 2(0.535) (8.314 JK-1 mol-1) (298K) ln 0.0734

96500 Cmol-1 0.015
= 0.04 V

8. Calculate Ej using Equation (6.5) and compare the value with; Ej = Ecell(d) – Ecell(c)
Ej = (2tNO3-1 - 1) RT ln (a Ag+) a
F (a Ag+) b
= [2(0.535) – 1] (8.314 JK-1 mol-1) (298K) ln 0.0734
 96500 Cmol-1 0.015
= 0.003
Ej = -0.05 V – 0.04
= -0.09 V

DISCUSSION
In this lab, we learn about how to determine the standard electrode potential of silver
electrode (Ag/Ag+), E 0 +
Ag / Ag . Liquid junction potential occurs when two solutions of
electrolytes of different concentrations are in contact with each other. The more concentrated
solution will have a tendency to diffuse into the comparatively less concentrated one.
Electromotive force of a half –cell could be determined by comparison with a standard
electrode which is in this experiment we use the calomel electrode. The liquid junction potential
interferes with the exact measurement of the electromotive force of a chemical cell, so its effect
should be minimized as much as possible for accurate measurement. The most common method
of eliminating the liquid junction potential is to place a salt bridge consisting of a saturated
solution which are in this experiment we use 2 type of salt bridge KNO3 and 0.1 M AgNO3.
For cell (a) we get -0.41 V, (b) – 0.37 V, (c) 0.04 V and (d) -0.05 V. Based on our calculation,
we obtain they Ecell part (c) same as difference between Ecell part (a) and (b). Maybe, the ion
charge that flow in both are same and carefully handed so we obtain the same result. The
electromotive force produced due to the transportation is 0.04V same as Ecell part (c) because
the movement of ion and charge are perfectly done and we obtain the same potential. We hope
in the future we can improve our skill and make sure the experiment carefully handed.

CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, we can conclude that the experiment that be handed are succesfully
be done an Ej that we obtain is -0.09 V and Et 0.04 V.

REFERENCES
T. Forland, L. U. Thulin, and T. Ostvold (1971) Concentration cells with liquid junction:
Journal of Chemical Education 48 (11), 741
https://www.askiitians.com/iit-jee-chemistry/physical-chemistry/kohlrausch-law.aspx