CONTENTS

Transformer Introduction 2

PCB Transformers (Cat. P1, pg. 73 & 74 of Catalogue) 3

Power Transformers, Single Phase (Cat. T1, pg. 77 of Catalogue) 4-5

Power Transformers, Three Phase (Cat. T1, pg. 78 of Catalogue) 5-8

Unregulated Transformers VDC & VR (Cat. T1, pg. 79 of Catalogue) 9-10

Special Transformers 10

DIN Transformers (Cat. T1, pg. 79 of Catalogue) 10

Swimming Pool Lighting Transformers (Cat. T1, pg. 79 of Catalogue) 10

Mains Power Supplies (Cat. BC1, pg. 84 of Catalogue) 11

Motor Starting Auto wound transformers (Cat. T1, pg. 78 of Catalogue) 11

Guideline of Maximum and Minimum Voltages 11

Annexures A, B, C 12-14

A Transformer

Primary Secondary
Voltage Voltage

Core

1
 TRANSFORMER INTRODUCTION
a) Alternating current can be readily transformed from low to high voltage and vice versa.
b) The alternating voltage can be raised or lowered as required at different stages in an electrical network, such
as generation, transformation, distribution and utilization
c) This is made possible with a device called a transformer.
d) The function of a transformer is to transfer current, voltage and power from one series of windings (coils) to
another. The transformer consists of two inductive coils; these are electrically separated but linked through a
common magnetic circuit. These two coils have a high mutual inductance. One of the two coils is connected
to a source of alternating voltage. This coil into which electrical energy is fed is called the Primary Winding (P).
The other winding is connected to a load. The electrical energy is transformed into this winding and drawn out to
the load. This winding is called the Secondary Winding (S)
e) Generally a transformer is categorized according to its transformation action:
• Step-up Transformer: A transformer in which Vs > Vp. A step up transformer is a transformer which
converts low alternating voltage to high alternating voltage.
• Step-down Transformer: A transformer in which Vp > Vs. A step down transformer is a transformer which
converts high alternating voltage to low alternating voltage.
f) A transformer can also be used as an isolation device.
• The circuit on the primary side of the transformer is electrically isolated from the circuit on the
secondary side of the circuit.
• Isolation transformers usually have the same secondary voltage as the primary.
• They are mainly used to isolate a piece of equipment from the AC mains for safety reasons.
• Television set is an example of the need for isolation transformers for diagnostic and repair work.

A transformer would be ideal if it satisfies the following properties:

• It has no losses.
• Windings resistance is zero.
• There is no flux leakage.
• Small current is required to produce the magnetic field.
But no transformer is ideal in practice as a practical transformer has windings resistance, some leakage flux, eddy
current and other losses.

Application and uses:

• The transmission and distribution of alternating power is made possible by transformers. (Eskom Power
reticulation).
• Transformers are used in Electronic devices such as Timers and for low voltage lighting.
• Transformers are used in television and photocopy machines
• Simple camera flash uses fly back transformer.
• Signals and audio transformer are used in amplifiers

2
 PCB TRANSFORMERS
(Cat. P1, pg. 73 & 74 of Catalogue)

These transformers can be manufactured by the transformer workshop as per specifications indicated in the catalogue.

Applications
These are used in printed circuit boards, e.g. for Timers manufactured by our Electronics Workshop.

Specially Manufactured Transformers

In the event the customer requires specially manufactured PCB transformers where the voltages and/or pin settings
required is other than that specified in the catalogue or an open type transformer (without housing) is required then the
customer is required to complete a Non Cancellation form and PCB Transformer Data Enquiry/ order form. The
maximum voltage we can offer per winding is 1000V and the maximum VA Rating is 40VA.
See Annexure A & B

Part Numbers
The Standard part no. for PCB transformers is as per catalogue.
The Part no. for Specially Manufactured PCB Transformers is PCB100.

What information is required from the customer?

VA Rating, Primary Voltage, Secondary voltage, Amperes (Load), Pin Configuration

NB!
• The information on all documents must be consistent
• With regard to COD customers manufacturing will not proceed until proof of payment has been received and
confirmed by the relevant authority

3
 POWER TRANSFORMERS - SINGLE PHASE
(Cat. T1, pg. 77 of Catalogue)
These transformers can be manufactured by the transformer workshop as per specifications indicated in the catalogue.
The maximum voltage we can offer per winding is 1000V and the maximum VA rating we offer is 50KVA, air cooled

Standard Multi Tap Transformers

Codes
VA Pri: 0-230-400V Pri: 0-400-525V
Rating Sec: 12-24V Sec: 115-230V
Terms: 0-12 Terms: 0-115
0-12 0-115
25VA T-25VA M1 *T-25VA M2 NOTE:
50VA T-50VA M1 *T-50VA M2 ALL VA RATINGS
100VA T-100VA M1 *T-100VA M2 ARE AT AMBIENT
150VA T-150VA M1 *T-150VA M2 TEMPERATURE 25°C
200VA T-200VA M1 *T-200VA M2
300VA T-300VA M1 *T-300VA M2
Typical series/parallel connections
500VA T-500VA M1 *T-500VA M2

Isolation Transformers
An isolation transformer is a transformer used to transfer electrical power from a source of alternating current (AC)
power to some equipment or device while isolating the powered device from the power source, usually for safety
• Domestic Applications
Vacuum cleaners and power tools head the list of "noisy" electrical devices because they induce high
levels of interference back into the power line they are connected to. This is why running a vacuum cleaner
may cause interference on your television set, radios, sensitive electronics such as computers and
analytical equipment, and communications systems. Isolation transformers are increasingly finding their
way into home special line current circuits to keep this noise and interference limited to the circuits
supplying the tools.
• Industrial Applications
Large manufacturers also run separate circuits for noisy tools and sensitive electronics. Isolation
transformers in the lines to the noisy devices minimize the length of wiring the interference may traverse.
A further complication in long or expansive buildings is the possible large voltage potential between two
electrical grounding grids on opposite ends of the building, because of inductance and leakage in what
may be connected to these grids. This introduces noise, buzz, hum and pops into communications and
computer networks, and unacceptable noise in audio systems.
• Theaters
Theaters may have large distances and separate power circuits between projection and audio systems.
Isolation transformers on AC and audio lines prevent the exchange of noise between these systems.
• Telecommunications
Telecommunications and computer centers use isolation transformers to segregate potential interference
issues in much the same way as theaters

What information is required from the customer?

VA Rating, Primary Voltage, Secondary voltage, Amperes (Load) Standard Voltages
Each secondary winding voltage (voltage under load conditions) is multiplied by the 230/12V 400/24V 525/24V
230/24V 400/48V 525/110V
Amps that are required from that winding. All the windings VA rating is added to 230/48V 400/110V 525/230V
give the Transformers total VA Rating. The Standard Transformer part no. indicates 230/110V 400/230V
the VA rating with the primary and secondary voltages e.g. T-500VA 230/24. ex stock 20-600VA

4
 POWER TRANSFORMERS - SINGLE PHASE
(Cat. T1, pg. 77 of Catalogue)
Bucket Codes
• Extra Tappings
T-EX1 Extra Tapping below 25A
T-EX2 Extra Tapping 25-50A
T-EX3 Extra Tapping 50-100A
• Perspex
T-PER1 Perspex terminal shield up to 200VA
T-PER2 Perspex terminal shield 225VA to 1KVA
T-PER3 Perspex terminal shield 1.5- 20KVA
Purpose: Safety precaution for users and workers
• Screen
T-SCN1 Earth Screen & Terminal up to 200VA
T-SCN2 Earth Screen & Terminal 225VA to 1KVA
T-SCN3 Earth Screen & Terminal 1.5- 20KVA
Purpose: A metallic material (typically copper foil) between the primary and secondary windings offering isolation to
ground between the two windings. Separation of dangerous active components is done by use of a conductive
shield, which is located between the two parts and is connected to an external earth terminal.
NB!
• The information on all documents must be consistent
• With regard to COD customers manufacturing will not proceed until proof of payment has been received and
confirmed by the relevant authority

POWER TRANSFORMERS - THREE PHASE

(Cat. T1, pg. 78 of Catalogue)
Three phase transformers are used throughout industry to change values of three phase voltage and current.
Since three phase power is the most common way in which power is produced, transmitted, and used, an
understanding of how three phase transformer connections are made is essential. In this section it will discuss
different types of three phase transformer connections, and present examples of how values of voltage and
current for these connections are computed.

A three phase transformer is constructed by winding three single phase

transformers on a single core. These transformers can be either air cooled or
oil cooled. For oil cooled the transformer is put into an enclosure which is then
filled with dielectric oil. The dielectric oil performs several functions. Since it is
a dielectric, a nonconductor of electricity, it provides electrical insulation
between the windings and the case. It is also used to help provide cooling and
to prevent the formation of moisture, which can deteriorate the winding
insulation.

5
 POWER TRANSFORMERS - THREE PHASE
(Cat. T1, pg. 78 of Catalogue)

Three-Phase Transformer Connections

There are only 4 possible transformer combinations:
a) Delta to Delta - use: industrial applications.
b) Delta to Star - use: high voltage transmissions.
c) Star to Delta - use: Where no Neutral is required.
d) Star to Star - use: rare, don't use causes harmonics and balancing problems.

Three-phase transformers are connected in delta or Star configurations. A Star -delta transformer has its primary
winding connected in a Star and its secondary winding connected in a delta (see figure 1-1). A delta-Star transformer
has its primary winding connected in delta and its secondary winding connected in a Star (see figure 1-2).

Figure 1-1: Star to Delta Connection

Figure 1-2: Delta to Star Connection

6
 POWER TRANSFORMERS - THREE PHASE
(Cat. T1, pg. 78 of Catalogue)

Delta Connections

A delta system is a good short-distance distribution system. It is used for neighborhood and small commercial loads
close to the supplying substation. Only one voltage is available between any two wires in a delta system. The delta
system can be illustrated by a simple triangle. A wire from each point of the triangle would represent a three-phase,
three-wire delta system. The voltage would be the same between any two wires (see figure 1-3).

Figure 1-3:

Star Connections

In a Star system the voltage between any two phase conductors will always give the same voltage on a three phase
system. However, the voltage between any one of the phase conductors (X1, X2, X3) and the neutral (X0) will be less
than the phase to phase voltage. For example, if the voltage between the phase conductors of any two phases of a
three wire system is 208v, then the voltage from any phase conductor to neutral will be 120v. In a Star system, the
voltage between any two power conductors will always be 1.732 (which is the square root of 3) times the voltage
between the neutral and any one of the phase conductors. The phase-to-ground voltage can be found by dividing the
phase-to-phase voltage by 1.732 (see figure 1-4).

Figure 1-4:

7
 POWER TRANSFORMERS - THREE PHASE
(Cat. T1, pg. 78 of Catalogue)
These transformers can be manufactured by the transformer workshop as per specifications indicated in the
catalogue. The maximum voltage we can offer per winding is 1000V and the maximum VA rating we offer is
30KVA. If a screen is required or Extra tapping’s this must be indicated on the order.

What information is required from the customer?

• VA Rating
• Primary Voltage
• Secondary voltage
• 3 phase Transformer connections

Star Calculations

∆ Delta system – the voltage between any 2 conductors is the same

Υ Star System - the voltage between any 2 conductors is the same but the voltage between any of the phase
conductors and Neutral will be less.

E.g If the voltage between any two phase conductors is 400V then the voltage between any of the phase conductors
and neutral will be 400V ÷ 1.732 ( ) = 230.9V
Therefore in the star system 1.732 x 230.9V = 400V (voltage between phases)

Part Numbers

The Standard Transformer part no. for a Three Phase Transformer is indicated as T-X KVA
e.g. T-5KVA for a 5000VA 3 phase transformer Or T-0.25kva for a 250VA 3 phase transformer.

Bucket Codes
• Tapping
T-EX1 Extra Tapping below 25A
T-EX2 Extra tapping 25-50A
T-EX3 Extra tapping 50-100A
• Perspex
T-PER1 Perspex terminal shield up to 200VA
T-PER2 Perspex terminal shield 225VA to 1KVA
T-PER3 Perspex terminal shield 1.5- 20KVA
• Screen
T-SCN1 Earth Screen & Terminal up to 200VA
T-SCN1 Earth Screen & Terminal 225VA to 1KVA
T-SCN1 Earth Screen & Terminal 1.5- 20KV
The customer is required to complete a Non Cancellation form and a Power Transformer Data Request/order
form. See Annexure A, & C
NB!
• The information on all documents must be consistent
• With regard to COD customers manufacturing will not proceed until proof of payment has been received and
confirmed by the relevant authority

8
 UNREGULATED TRANSFORMERS VDC & VR
(Cat. T1, pg. 79 of Catalogue)
These transformers can be manufactured by the transformer workshop as per specifications indicated in the
catalogue. The maximum voltage we can offer per winding is 525V on the primary and 110V on the secondary. The
maximum VA rating we offer is 1000VA.

Part Numbers
The Standard VDC Transformer part no. indicates the VA rating with voltages e.g.
T-500VDC/24 or T- 500VDC/24 400V
The Special Transformer part no. indicates only the VA rating i.e. T-VDC. Standard
items primary voltage is 230VAC

Components
The VDC transformers use rectifiers or diodes and Capacitors. The VR transformers us a Rectifier or diode only.

Applications
VDC: Contactors, relays and valves. VR: Brakes and clutches only.

Rectifier
A transformer rectifier unit (TRU) is used to convert AC into relatively smooth DC.

Example of a rectifier:

This device takes the mains 240 VAC and converts

it to approximately 14 VDC to charge the battery.
This is achieved by a transformer, which first steps
down the AC voltage to a reasonable level and then
converts it via a bridge rectifier assembly into DC.

Use of Diodes
Diodes in their basic forms are used for rectification (or conversion) of AC into DC, for example, in a battery charger
circuit, as shown. Example of a diode:

Typical diode Rectifier Bridge

The diodes offer an easy path for currents to flow in
one direction and offer a high resistance path in the
opposite direction. During the positive cycle (1),
current flows through diodes 1 and 3, whilst diodes
2 and 4 are switched off. The reverse occurs during
the negative cycle, producing a DC output

9
 UNREGULATED TRANSFORMERS VDC & VR
(Cat. T1, pg. 79 of Catalogue)
Capacitor
DC Smoothing Capacitor: A Smoothing Capacitor is used to generate
ripple free DC. Smoothing capacitor is also called Filter capacitor and its
function is to convert half wave / full wave output of the rectifier into smooth
DC. The power rating and the capacitance are two important aspects to be
considered while selecting the smoothing capacitor. The power rating must
be greater than the off load output voltage of the power supply.

Specially Manufactured Transformers

In the event the customer requires a specially manufactured VDC transformer where the voltages and/or extra
tapping’s are other than that specified in the catalogue or if a screen or Perspex is required then the customer is
required to complete a Non Cancellation form. See Annexure A.

NB!
• The information on all documents must be consistent
• With regard to COD customers manufacturing will not proceed until proof of payment has been received and
confirmed by the relevant authority

SPECIAL TRANSFORMERS
(Cat. T1, pg. 79 of Catalogue)

DIN Transformers
Safety isolating transformer for DIN-rail

Application:
• Safety isolating transformer in general applications
• Electric appliances where 12 or 24 VAC is necessary
• Industrial environments where delivery of SELV (safety extra-low voltage) or PELV (protective extra-low voltage) is
necessary
• Connecting loads that need to be isolated from the main supply and to create interference suppression
These transformers can be manufactured by the transformer workshop as per specifications indicated in the catalogue.
These Range from DT10212 to DT15612 and 100VA to 200VA DIN transformers

Swimming Pool Lighting Transformers

Application:
Used for swimming pool lighting
These transformers can be manufactured by the transformer workshop as per
specifications indicated in the catalogue. These are type SP-120VA and
SP-300VA or SP-120VA Open and SP-300VA Open

10
 MAINS POWER SUPPLIES
(Cat. BC1, pg. 84 of Catalogue)
These transformers can be manufactured by the transformer workshop as per specifications indicated in the
catalogue. These include the MD range and VAP range. Other voltages can be made according to customer
specifications but only in the VA rating of the specific product.

Special Manufactured Mains' Power Supply Transformers:

In the event the customer requires a specially manufactured Mains’ Power Supply Transformer where the voltages
required is other than that specified in the catalogue then the customer is required to complete a Non Cancellation
form. See Annexure A.

Application:
A power supply allows electronics to function and charge. This completes the circuit. Without the device, cell
phones or computers could not operate. The power supply converts outlet electricity to charge and power
appliances and equipment in your home.

MOTOR STARTING AUTO WOUND TRANSFORMERS

(Cat. T1, pg. 78 of Catalogue)
These transformers are manufactured by the transformer workshop as per specifications indicated in the catalogue.

An Autotransformer has only one single voltage winding which is usually "tapped" at various points along it to
provide a percentage of the primary voltage supply across its secondary load. The autotransformer has the usual
magnetic core but only one winding, which is common to both the primary and secondary circuits.

Application:
Different starting methods are employed for starting induction motors because they draw more starting current
during starting. To prevent damage to the windings due to the high starting current flow, different types of starters are
employed. To limit the starting current surge, large induction motors are started at reduced voltage and then have full
supply voltage reconnected when they run up to near rotated speed.

Specially Manufactured Transformers

In the event the customer requires a specially manufactured transformer where the voltages and/or extra tappings
required are other than that specified in the catalogue or if Perspex is required then the customer is required to
complete a Non Cancellation form. See Annexure A.

GUIDLINE OF MAX. & MIN. VOLTAGES

T-10000VA- T-25000VA T-3000VA – T-7500VA T-100VA – T-2500VA

1000V – 110V 1000V – 24V 1000V – 12V

11
 ANNEXURE A

Confidentiality Caution: If you have received this communication in error, please note that it is intended for the addressee
only, is privileged and confidential and dissemination or copying is prohibited. Please notify us immediately by telephone
and please discard this communication.

From: ________________________________________________ Recipient: ____________________________________________

To: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Phone: ________________________________________________ Fax: ____________________________________________

Date: ________________________________________________ Pages: __________

Subject:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Your Order Number__________/______________________ dated ____________________________ refers to the following:

Your standing quote number for this order is: QT_________________________________

Catalogue Number Description QTY List Price Estimated Delivery Date

± 7 - 14 Working Days

We thank you for your valued order and wish to point out that this order cannot be processed without signed acknowledgement of the
below conditions: kindly complete and return both pages.

Regards

__________________________
Sales Department

The order cannot be cancelled once processed.

1. Specially imported products cannot be accepted for credit at any stage.
2. Specially manufactured products cannot be accepted for credit to any stage.
3. Only in the event of (AC DC) not being able to adhere to the price and estimated delivery commitments detailed above will
an exception be considered to conditions 1 or 2.
4. The Delivery Dates above are subject to 2 weeks either side of the estimated date, which is only valid from the time of this
signed document being received back at AC/DC Dynamics.

I, ______________________________________________ , a representative of ______________________________________________

(Name of Company)
understand and accept the abovementioned terms and conditions.

Signature___________________________ Date:____________________________
ANNEXURE B
 ANNEXURE C
AC/DC DYNAMICS
POWER TRANSFORMER DATA REQUEST/ORDER FORM

VA REQUIRED ___________________________________________ HERTZ: _________________________________

PRIMARY VOLTAGE REQUIRED _____________________________________________________________________
SECONDARY VOLTAGE REQUIRED ___________________________________________________________________
FLYING LEADS _____________________________mm:_______________________

SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER

AIR COOLED OIL COOLED

CONNECTION REQUIRED

PRIMARY VOLTAGE SECONDARY VOLTAGE

DELTA DELTA

STAR STAR

NEUTRAL REQUIRED ON STAR? TAPPINGS USED AT THE SAME TIME NO

PRIMARY VOLTAGES TAPPINGS REQUIRED

VOLTAGE REQUIRED VA REQUIRED

TAPPINGS 1: ___________ ___________

TAPPINGS 2: ___________ ___________
TAPPINGS 3: ___________ ___________
TAPPINGS 4: ___________ ___________
TAPPINGS 5: ___________ ___________
TAPPINGS 6: ___________ ___________

SECONDARY VOLTAGES TAPPINGS REQUIRED

VOLTAGE REQUIRED VA REQUIRED

TAPPINGS 1: ___________ ___________

TAPPINGS 2: ___________ ___________
TAPPINGS 3: ___________ ___________
TAPPINGS 4: ___________ ___________
TAPPINGS 5: ___________ ___________
TAPPINGS 6: ___________ ___________

Contact Person: ___________

COMPANY STAMP
Signature: ___________

Company: ___________