Abstract Book

I
I MC
C 2018
Ideas Inspirations Innovations
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
ICMC-2018
1st International Conference on
Management and Commerce
Sustainable Entrepreneurship:
from Knowledge to Venture
04-05 April, 2018
Organized by
Faculty of Management and Administrative Sciences, UoG
in collaboration with
Higher Education Commission of Pakistan
Team ICMC-2018
Prof. Dr. Abdul Raheman

Conference Chair / Dean Faculty of Management and Administrative Sciences
Dr. Ghulam Ali Bhatti

Conference Co-Chair / Associate Professor/Chairperson, Department of Commerce,
Dr. Ashfaq Ahmed Mirza

Chair Administration / Assistant Professor, Department Management Sciences
Dr. Muhammad Usman

Chair Academics / Assistant Professor, Department Management Sciences
Dr. Muhammad Anwar ul Haq

Conference Secretary / Assistant Professor, Department Management Sciences
Secretariat
ICMC-2018
Office 203, Alfararabi Block
Hafiz Hayat Campus
Universiyt of Gujrat, Gujrat
Email: secretary.icmc@uog.edu.pk
Facebook: www.facebook.com/icmcuog
nternational Advisory Board
Prof. Josu Takala
University of Vaasa, Finland
Prof. Nauman Farooqi
Mount Allison University, Canada
Prof. Luo Fan
Wuhan University of Technology, China
Prof. Ahmad Rahman Bin Songip
Universitie Teknologie Malaysia, Malaysia
Prof. Allen D Engle
Eastern Kentucky University, USA
Kwai-Sang Chin
City University, Hong Kong
Patricia J. Holahan
Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
Prof. James J. Kennelly
Skidmore College, USA
Dr. Yan Jingdong
Wuhan University of Technology, China
Dr. Geoffrey Abbot
Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Dr. Massimiliano M. Pellegrini
University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
Prof. Volken Dogen
Turkey
Dr. Reem Rafai Ahmad Mahmoud
Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Dr. Farhan Ahmed
Abo Akademy University, Sweden
Dr. Ghulame Rubbaniy
Zayed University, Dubai
Dr. Dildar Hussain
Associate Professor, Rennes Business School, France
Dr. Kaleem Zahir-ul-Hassan
Senior Lecturer, Massey University, New Zealand
ICMC-2018
Table of contents
01. The Relationship Between Liquidity Risk and Credit Risk and Their Impact on Bank Profitability By
Marium Shabbir, UoG
02. Financial Risk for Liquid Assets in Terms of Equity and Interest Coverage by Zahid Adnan, UoS
Lyallpur Campus; Faiq Mahmood, GCUF; Muhammad Usman, UoG
03. Impact of Exchange Rate Risk and Derivative Usage on Firm Value, Evidence from Nonfinancial
Firms of Pakistan by Jawaria Sohrab, Saba Faheem, UoG
04. Impact of Credit Risk Management on Bank Performance: An Empirical Study on Commercial
Banks of Pakistan Listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange by Shahid Mahmood, GCU, Faisalabad;
Prof. Dr. Hazoor Muhammad Sabir, GU Faisalabad; M. Kashif Khurshid, NUML Islamabad;
Shahnawaz Saqib, GCU Faisalabad
05. Factors Influencing Adoption of E-payment Systems: An Empirical Study on Pakistani Customers
by Muhammad Abid, Lahore School of Professional Studies
06. The Critical Factors Affecting the Growth of Mudarabah Financing: A Conceptual
Framework by Noor Ul Hadi, Tuqir Afzal, Adnan Jamil, Department of Leadership and
Management Studies, National Defence university, Islamabad
07. Impact of Merger on Financial Performance of The Banks (Evidence from Pakistan Banking
Sector) by Muzzammil Hussain, Muhammad Mubeen, Zeeshan Arshad, UoG; Rizwan Umer,
University of Central Punjab
08. Macroeconomic Determinants of Household Consumption Pattern: A Case of Pakistan by
Saima Asad, Abdul Saboor, Uzma Arshad, Rahila Ibrahim, PMAS-AAUR; Irfan Baig, MNS-
University of Agriculture Multan
09. Electronic Surveillance Consequences: The Dark Side of Technology at Workplace by
Shahnawaz Saqib, Mohsin Bashir, Javed Akram, Muhammad Abrar, GCU Faisalabad
10. Impact of Emotional Display Rules on Emotional Exhaustion: Mediating Roles of Deep and
Surface Acting by Adnan Adil, Department of Psychology, UoS; Anila Kamal, National Institute of
Psychology, QAU, Islamabad
11. Pakistani Physicians: Exploring the Paradox of Public Service Motivation and User
Orientation by Shahnawaz Saqib, Muhammad Abrar, Arfan Ali, Fasih Asghar, GCU Faisalabad
12. Does Conflict Management Improve Organizational Performance? An Empirical Investigation by
Sharjeel Saleem, Mohsin Bashir, Aysha Noureen, Dildar Hussain, ESC Rennes School of Business;
GCU, Faisalabad;
13. Relationship Between Firm Performance and Family Dominated Firms and The Role of
Family Longevity Goals, A Case of Southern Punjab by Zeeshan Mohsin, Khuda Bakhsh,
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
14. From cronyism to disengagement: Mediating role of Psychological contract breach. A study on
Teachers in public sector universities of Pakistan. by Saqlain Pervez, Muhammad Anwar ul Haq,
Farha Javed, UoG
15. Emotional intelligence, work stress and job performance among university teachers by Noreena
Kausar, Dr Bushra Bibi, Hira Batool, UoG
16. The Role of Employee Self-Efficacy and Person Fit Environment to Promote Job Performance by
Nosheen Rafi, National College of Business Administration & Economics
17. Impact of Public Leadership Roles on Organizational Commitment of Public Sector Universities by
Hina Saleem, Punjab University Lahore & Ramsha Qaiser
18. Relationship between Job Insecurity, Workplace Incivility and Counterproductive work behaviors
among employees: Role of Work Family Conflict by Iqra Zahoor, Dr Najma Iqbal Malik (PhD), and,
Dr Mohsin Atta (PhD) Department of Psychology, UoS
19. Mediating Role of Opinion Leaders in Relationship between Surrogate Indicator and High-Quality
Consciousness: Moderated by Positive Core Self-Evaluation by Ume Farwa, Sadia Niazi, Dr. Saba
Ghayas (Assistant Professor), Dr. Adnan Adil (Assistant Professor) Department of Psychology, UoS
20. Relationship between Job Insecurity, Workplace Incivility and Counterproductive work behaviors
among employees: Role of Work Family Conflict by Iqra Zahoor, Dr Najma Iqbal Malik (PhD), and
Dr. Mohsin Atta (PhD), Department of Psychology, UoS
21. The Mediating Influence of Corporate Reputation in the relationship between Green Human
Resource Management, Job performance and Affective commitment: Evidence from a developing
country by Sobia Shabeer, Superior University
22 Impact of Psychological Ownership on Work Engagement and Organizational Citizenship
Behavior: Role of Newcomers’ Proactive Behavior by Saima Kausar, Adnan Adil, PhD, Sadia Niazi,
& Sultan Shuja Department of Psychology, UoS
02
23. Emotional Labour and Bus Hostess Services: Empirical Evidence from Sialkot Division, Punjab by
Irfan Sabir, Aiman Butt, University of central Punjab, Sialkot Campus
24. Redefining prosperity paths in changing global economy: Impact of China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor (CPEC) on the vocational and technical training needs of light engineering sector of
Pakistan by Faisal Mahmood, Dr. Muhammad Ilyas, Superior University Lahore
25. Role of High Performance Work System in Turnover Intention Through Mediating Effect of
Employee Outcomes by Rehana Farhat, Muhammad Razzaq Athar, PMAS-Arid
Agriculture University, Rawalpindi; Muhammad Khalid Sohail, Asif Shahzad,
COMSATS, Islamabad
26. Effect of leadership styles and learning orientation on organizational performance by
Daud Suleman, Syed Ali Abdullah, Yasir Farooqi, UoG
27. The Buffering Effect of Perceived Supervisor Support on the Relationship between Work
Engagement and Behavioral Outcomes by Sajid Rahman, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar
28. The impact of humorous leadership on newcomer adjustment with the moderating role of
transactional leadership and mediating role of psychological well-being of employees. by Mirza
Ahtisham, Marium Shabbir, UoG
29. Interactive effects of psychological contract breach and perceived organizational support on
employee behavioral outcomes: An application of conservation of resource theory by Asthma
Gul, Khurram Shahzad, Riphah International University;
Ibtisam Khalid, UoG; Sheraz Anjum, National College of Business Administration &
30. Economics, Pakistan; Yasir Farooqi, UoG
Impact of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles on Performance Management in
Public Sector Universities of Pakistan by Amina Ali, Ex-Student at University of Agriculture
Faisalabad; Muhammad Malik, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad
31. Exploring moderating Role of followers self-efficacy: link between entrepreneur authentic
leadership and Workplace Behaviors of followers by Naeem Hayat, GIFT University
32. Transformational Leadership and the employee creativity, mediating the role of work
engagement. by Faida Sheikh, UoG
33. Job Autonomy and Work Engagement; The Role of Job Crafting and Proactive Personality by
Usman Ahsan, Chenab Group of Colleges
34. Role of Career Competencies in Job Satisfaction of Teachers; The Mediating role of Job Crafting
by Zahid Mughal, Yasir Farooqi, UoG; Danish Habib, UCP; Sadia Sajid, NCBA&E;
Munaza Bibi*, Bahria University Karachi Campus
35. Burnout and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating effect of Job Commitment by
Sourath Mahar*, IBL, Abdul Qayoom, University Mardan and Dr. Qadar Bux
36. The Mediating Role of Job Stress in the Relationship between Work-Related Dimensions and
Career Commitment: A Study of Private Sector Organizations of Punjab, Pakistan. by
Mirza Ahtisham*, Asia Siddique, Yasir Farooqi, UoG
37. Role of HR Practices for Reducing Corruption in Public Sector Organization: A Case study of
Public Limited Companies in Pakistan by Muhammad Ajmal, UoG
38. Individual Factors Influencing Knowledge Sharing Quality (KSQ): A study of Public Sector
Universities by Farhan Javed, Student; Ayesha nazish, Yasir Farooqi, UoG; Danish Habib, UCP
39. Overqualification and Counterproductive Work Behaviors: Mediating Role of organization-Based
Self-Esteem and Cynicism and Moderating Role of Justice Sensitivity by Haji Abbas, Saba Iqbal,
NUML
40. Investigating Factors Affecting Knowledge Sharing Intention Among Islamic Banking
Employees by Muhammad Waqar, Muhammad Anwar ul Haq, UoG
41. Impact Of Employee Motivation And Job Satisfaction On Productivity: An Empirical Study of
Textile Sector In Pakistan by Saba Nasir, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
42. Bankruptcy v/s Going Concern Prediction Model, Creditor Oriented Regime and Liquidation by
Muhammad Irfan Javaid*, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology
43. Impact of stock liquidity on dividends payout by khobaib Akhtar, Dr. Ahmad Fraz, Capital
University of Science and Technology
44. Barriers to Islamic Banking Growth in Pakistan: View Point of Bank Employees by
Khansa Kanwal, Adnan Bashir, UoG
45. Firm-bank relationship and client firm's performance: empirical evidence from Pakistan by
Jahanzaib Sultan, Aamir Inam Bhutta, Muhammad Fayyaz Sheikh, GCU Faisalabad; Fahad
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ICMC-2018
Javed, Wuhan University of Technology

46. Analyzing Nexus between Financial Reforms and Savings in Pakistan: An Econometric
Investigation by Adiqa kiani, Federal Urdu University, Islamabad; Nazima ellahi, Foundation
University; Shahzaibe Aijazi and Naqi Shah, Qarshi University
47. Role of Government Stability, Corruption and Population Growth in Public Spending
Efficiency Of Saarc Countries by Sahar Khalid, Munir Ahmad, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
48. The Impact of Board Gender Diversity on Firm Performance: Evidence from Pakistan by
Mahnoor Butt, UoG
49. Impact of Institutional Ownership on Firm Performance; Evidance From Financial and
Non-finacial Firms by Muzzammil Hussain, Fareeha Abid, Zeeshan Arshad, Syeda Ambreen Jaffri,
UoG
50. A bird’s eye view on efficiency of private banks of Pakistan: A data envelopment analysis by
Aamir Shahzad, UVAS
51. Determinants of Corporate Risk Disclosure Quality: Evidence from KSE 100 Index by
Ammar Abid, Comsats, Lahore, Aamir Inam, GCU Faisalabad
52. Impact of firm characteristics on firm’s performance by Mamoona Saleem, UoG
Stock Market, Pulse of an Economy a Panel Data Analysis Of South Asia, Southeast Asia and
Northeast Asia by Farooq Azam, UoG
53. Market Timing and Capital Structure: Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange by
Asba Arshad, Muhammad Usman, Sumbal Ali, Sumbal Ali, UoG
54. Calendar Anomalies: A Growing Concern in Pakistan and Malaysia by Humaira Akram, Riphah
International University
55. Effect of Working Capital Management on Firm Performance in the Presence of Financial
Constraints by Tahirah Kanwal, Bilal khalid, UoG
56. Determinants of Profitability in Insurance Sector of Pakistan: An Endogenous and Exogenous
Evaluation by Shams ur Rahman, The university of Agriculture, Peshwar
57. Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Constraints: Evidence from Pakistani Firms by Rafia
Noreen, UoG
58. Dynamic Interaction Between Exchange Rate Volatility and Foreign Portfolio Investment
Around the Global Financial Crises and Political Regimes: A Case of Pakistan by Ulfat Zaman,
Sagheer Muhammad,Benish Rafique, UoG
59. Effect of Corporate Governance and Family Ownership on Firm Performance by
Yasir Nadeem, UoG
60. Noise Trading, Investor Sentiment and Conditional Stock Market Volatility:Evidence from PSEX by
Benish Rafique, Sagheer Muhammad, Ulfat Zaman, UoG
61. Impact of Business strategy on stock price crash risk Moderating role of Overvalued equity by
Sana Saleem, University of Lahore
62. Impact of Overconfidence and Loss Aversion Biases on Equity Investor’s Decision-Making Process
and Performance by Abdul Rauf Hazoor, NUML, Islamabad; Prof. Dr. Hazoor Muhammad Sabir,
Safdar Hussain Tahir, GCU Faisalabad
63. The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Firm’s Value: The Moderating Role of Managerial Ownership
by Aftab Ahmed, NUML Islamabad; Prof. Dr. Hazoor Muhammad Sabir, GCU Faisalabad;
Muhammad Usman Yousaf, NUML Islamabad; Muhammad Afzal Noor, UoG; Muhammad Kashif
Khurshid, (NUML Islamabad
64. Empirical Investigation of Relationship between Research and Development Intensity and Firm
Performance: The Role of Ownership Structure and Board Structure by
Muhammad Usman Yousaf, NUML Islamabad; Prof. Dr. Hazoor Muhammad Sabir, GCU
Faisalabad; Muhammad KashifKhurshid, NUML Islamabad; Aftab Ahmed, NUML Islamabad
65. Impact of Leverage and Dividend Payout on Investment under Financial Constraints: Evidence
from Pakistani Manufacturing Firms by NUML Islamabad;
Muhammad Kashif Khurshid, NUML Islamabad,; Imtiaz Zahid, NUML Islamabad; Muhammad Afzal
Noor, UoG; Akmal Khan, Waince Academy, Faisalabad
66. CEO Compensation in Family owned Firms of Pakistan by Dr. Mian Sajid Nazir, Anam Tasawar,
UoG
67. Impact of Consumer Personality and Window Display on Fashion Oriented Impulse Buying
Behavior by Nageena Tabassum, UoS ; Altaf Alam , Lahore university ; Zahid Ali , Lahore
University; Muhammad Ashraf , Lahore University
68. Challenges and Implication of MOOCs on Internationalization of Business Schools by
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Imran Hameed, Air University

69. The Bandwagon Effect and Consumption of Fashion Goods: Case of Young Consumers in Sialkot,
Pakistan. by Irfan Sabir*, University of central Punjab, Sialkot Campus; Ashna Azam, University of
central Punjab, Sialkot Campus
70. Political Socialization and Voting Preferences: The Moderating Role of Gender and Party
AWARENESS by Ashfaq Ahmed and Muhammad Ahmad
71. Pakistani Readymade Garments Industry Export Competitiveness: Evaluation in The Context of
Porter’s Diamond Theory by Asif Ali Safeer, Department of Management Sciences, National
Textile University Faisalabad; Muhammad Abrar, GCU Faisalabad; SAJJAD BAIG*, NATIONAL
TEXTILE UNIVERSITY,FAISALABAD;
72. Brand Advocacy a model and Empirical Investigation by Hira Javed, UoG
Consumer Attitude and Purchase Intention Towards Organic Textile Products by
Muhammad Abrar*, GCU Faisalabad; Sajjad Baig, National Textile
University, Faisalabadn; Muhammad Ayub, National Textile
University, Faisalabad; Fiza Amjad, National Textile University, Faisalabad
73. Antecedents and outcomes of interactional qualtiy :moderating role of self efficacy by
lariab Arshad, National College of Business Adminstration
74. Interpersonal Relationship Marketing: Reciprocity in Buyer-seller Dyad With Customer
Gratitude As Mediator by Muhammad Ahmad, UoG
75. Interpersonal Relationship Marketing: A Dyadic Study of Firm’s Customer Orientation
and Customer Commitment by Muhammad Ahmad, UoG; Ashfaq Ahmed, UoG
76. Antecedents and Outcomes of Passionate Desire: A Case of Apparel Products by
Sumbal Nisar, University of Central Punjab ; Adeesa Gul, NCBA&E; Danish Habib, UCP; Rida
zainab, Arid Agriculture University Gujrat Campus
77. Repurchase intentions toward trendy clothing fashion in Muslim communities: the Role of Social
Influence, Brand Attachment and Perceived Value by Ashfaq Ahmed, UoG; Muhammad Ahmad,
UoG
78. Paperless Pakistan: Identifying the drivers of Cryptocurrency awareness among Digital Banking
Users by Alia Manzoor, University of Management and Technology, Lahore; Yasir Rashid*,
University of Management and Technology, Lahore; Imran Sadiq, University of Management and
Technology, Lahore; Ansar Waseem, University of Management and Technology, Lahore
79. Role of knowledge Management capabilities in fostering service quality as a catalyst of customer
relationship management by Arslan Iftikhar*, UoS Gujranwala Campus; Faisal Azam, UoS
Gujranwala Campus
80. Exploring The Impact of Customer Knowledge Management In Creating Brand Value With The
Moderating Role of Gender And Residential Area of The Respondents by
Mawish Munawar, UoG
81. After Sales Services, Brand Equity And Willingness to Buy Second Hand Product by
Afsheen Jalil, IIUI; Hannan Afzal*, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpind; Sheheryar Khan,
SZABIST, Islamabad; saman Attiq, university of Wah
82. Expected Service Quality Attributes and Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from Pakistan
International Air Janat Jamshed, and Dr. Qadar Bux
83. An Examination of Antecedents and Outcomes of Customer Orientation: An Evidence from
Service Sector of Pakistan by Bilal khalid*,UoG; Danish Habib, UCP; Tahirah Kanwal, UoG
84. Tourism Demand Function: A case study of Pakistan by Muhammad Zafar haq*, IQRA National
University; Rahman Ullah, IQRA National University, Peshawar
85. Role of Bureaucratic Efficiency in Determining Trade Openness: An Empirical Analysis in Selected
South Asian Countries by Rabia Saghir*, Foundation University Rawalpindi Campus
86. Entrepreneurship: A fundamental concept of Islam by Faisal afzal Siddiqui, Business Research
Consultants; Aijaz Ahmed, DEA Institute Research and Education;
Fahmida Bano, Faculty Member, Department of Teacher Education, Urdu University, Karachi;
Muhammad Iqbal Ahmed, Metropolitan University, Karachi; Kamal Haider , Chairman, Department
Of Special Education, Federal Urdu University, Karachi Campus
87. Effect of Technology Transfer on Agriculture output in Pakistan: An Indirect Effect by
Sadaf Shareef and Adiqa Kiani ,Federal Urdu University, Islamabad
88. Mission statement and action: a study of edupreneurers’ passion and practices by
Shaista Khalid, University of Sargodha; Zubair Ahmed Shah, Government college for elementary
teachers Sargodha
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ICMC-2018
89. Determinants of Entrepreneurial Orientation and its Role on Pakistani Manufacturing

Smes Performance by Noor Ul Hadi *, Department of Leadership and Management Studies,
National Defence University Islamabad
90. Innovation in Surgical Instruments Enterprises: A Descriptive Exploration from Sialkot Cluster by
Syed Kashif shamsi, UoG
91. Role of entrepreneurship narratives on media, cultural support for entrepreneurship, and success
status consciousness in entrepreneurial participation: Evidence from China and Pakistan by
Muhammad Anwar ul Haq, UoG; Shaista Khalid, UoS
92. Co-Founders On-Demand Program in Universities by Naeem Shahid, Nanikson Innovation ;
Ayesha Saeed, Public Administration GC University Faisalabad
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Risk Management
Paper ID: 112
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIQUIDITY RISK AND CREDIT RISK AND THEIR
IMPACT ON BANK PROFITABILITY
Marium Shabbir*, University of Gujrat
mariumshabbir14@gmail.com
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of liquidity risk and credit risk in Pakistani
banks and evaluate the relationship between credit risk and liquidity risk. Design/methodology/approach:
Primary data is collected from the balance sheets, income statements and notes of 20 Pakistani banks during
2010-2016. Panel least squares applied to assess the impact of liquidity risk and credit risk on banks' earning.
Findings: The results show that liquidity risk affects bank's earning significantly, with liquidity gap and non-
performing loans as the two factors intensifying the liquidity risk. They have a negative relationship with
profitability of banks. Limitations/implications: The period studied in this paper is 2010-2016, due to availability
of the data. However, the sample period does not impair the findings.
Keywords: Pakistani Banks, Risk management, Liquidity risk, Non-performing loans, Liquidity gap, cash,
deposits, Bank performance
Paper ID: 126

FINANCIAL RISK FOR LIQUID ASSETS IN TERMS OF EQUITY AND INTEREST
COVERAGE
Zahid Adnan*, UOS Lyallpur campus; Faiq Mahmood, GCUF; Muhammad Usman, University of Gujrat
Liquidity risk is a key factor which can lead to banking firms up to some significant level of financial distress. For
the banking firms, consideration of liquidity risk and its management through proper mechanism, provides the
financial stability and avoid from fragility. In the current study analysis, the main aim is to check the key
indicators which have significant impact or role in explaining the liquidity risk in the banking firms of Pakistan. For
this purpose, the key focus is on the equity ratio and interest covered ratio over a time of the study. Overall
banking firms have been considered and a final data set of 17 banks has been selected. From the perspective of
econometric modelling, all the panel models like fixed effect, least square dummy variable model, random effect
and pooled OLS are applied. The findings of the study have revealed the fact that there exists a significant
relationship between the key explanatory variables like risk-based assets, leverage, cost to income ratio CIR,
GDP, and consumer Price Index CPI has a significant role for the liquidity risk in the banking industry of Pakistan.
The findings of the study are very much useful for the management of banking firms and the country key financial
analysts while explaining the liquidity risk in the banking industry. In addition, present findings, will no doubt
cover the existing gap in the contemporary literature. Besides this study is only focusing on the one sector in the
overall financial market; banking industry. By adding more key role players in the future will provide a better way
for the generalization of the results. However, the regional context of present study is only limited to the
developing economies like Pakistan. Expansion of the findings to some other regions are purely based on the
adding some regional and economic factors.
Paper ID: 180

IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE RISK AND DERIVATIVE USAGE ON FIRM VALUE,
EVIDENCE FROM NON- FINANCIAL FIRMS OF PAKISTAN
Jawaria Sohrab, Saba Faheem, University of Gujrat
The aim of this paper is investigate the relationship among exchange rate Exposure, derivative usage and value
of firm. A sample of non financial firms listed at Pakistan stock exchange, will be taken on annual basis for the
period of ten year from 2007 to 2016 to examine this relationship. The firm value is measured through Tobin's Q.
For Derivative user and non user firms a dummy variable is created. Beside these, leverage, liquidity ratio and
firm size are used as control variables. The results suggested that there exists a positive association between risk
exposure and firm value in export industries and this association is negative for import sector. On the basis of
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ICMC-2018
these findings it can be concluded that exchange rate risk effects import and export sector differently, if
companies are using derivatives it can create a positive impact on the value of the firm. Therefore, the researcher
can suggest that all the firms that are involved in international transaction can minimize the effect of exchange
rate risk exposure through the use of derivatives.
Key words: Derivatives, exchange rate risk, firm value
Paper ID: 235

IMPACT OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT ON BANK PERFORMANCE: AN
EMPIRICAL STUDY ON COMMERCIAL BANKS OF PAKISTAN LISTED AT PAKISTAN
STOCK EXCHANGE
Shahid Mahmood, GC University, Faisalabad; Prof. Dr. Hazoor Muhammad Sabir , GC University Faisalabad,
Pakistan; Muhammad Kashif Khurshid*, National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad,
Pakistan; Shahnawaz Saqib, Govt: College University Faisalabad
The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between the credit risk management and its impact on
banks performance of commercial banks listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). This study is primarily based
on Secondary (panel data) and data was collected from various sources such as the commercial banks annual
report for the period of 2006-2015. Of the 31 commercial banks in Pakistan according to the State Banks of
Pakistan report 2015, full data was attained from 27 banks. In the model, return on assets (ROA), return on equity
(ROE), net interest margin (NIM) were used as the dependent variables while non-performing loans ratio (NPL)
used as independent variable. Furthermore, Bank liquidity (BL), capital adequacy ratio (CAR), interest income (II),
interest rate spread (IRS), loan and advances (LA), market profit opportunity (MPO) used as control variables. The
result concluded that in the absence of control variables, the Non-Performing Loan (NPL) has negative and
significant effect on bank performance (ROA, ROE & NIM). Furthermore, in the presence of control variables, the
result also showed that non-performing loan (NPL) has also negative effect on ROA, ROE and NIM. Result has
revealed that bank liquidity (BL) variable has significant positive impact on ROA & ROE but significant negative
impact on NIM. Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) has significant positive impact on ROA but insignificant positive
impact on ROE and significant and negative impact on NIM. On the other hand, findings revealed that interest
income (II) and interest rate spread (IRS) have positive significant impact on the bank profitability ROA, ROE &
NIM. Moreover, the result of loan and advance (LA) and market profit opportunity (MPO) have negative impact on
bank's profitability ROA, ROE, & NIM.
Keywords: Credit risk management, non-performing loans, profitability, interest rate spread, capital
adequacy ratio, market profit opportunity.
Banking
Paper ID: 105
FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOPTION OF E-PAYMENT SYSTEMS: AN EMPIRICAL
STUDY ON PAKISTANI CUSTOMERS
MUHAMMAD ABID*, Lahore school of professional studies
In view of internet technology that has influenced the banking systems to enhance the performance of financial
operations. Consumer's perception of security and trust is the major consideration of internet banking systems.
This study presents the practical evaluation of factors influencing trust and security in e-payment system in
Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: Group of determinants factors is developed to investigate influence
directly on security and trust, and indirect influence on adoption of electronic payment system. A questionnaire
from 280 respondents was collected out of which 249 is valid for further investigation in this research. Findings: It
is found that perceived security and perceived trust is positively related with adoption of electronic payment
system. Technical and transactional procedures and access to security guidelines are most influential factors on
customer's perceptions. Practical Implications: The use of internet banking is confirmed by customers that it has
potential to be expands in future. The need is to provide satisfactory and secure operations according to
customer's perception for further expansion of e-payment system. Originality/Value: This research has an
updated knowledge for it has provided information on the use of e-payment, specifically in Pakistani natives. The
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factors evaluations are best for policy makers, financial institutions, software developers and electronic
payment system providers to design policies and strategies to fulfill online customer's perceptions and use of
electronic payment system.
Keywords: E-Payment system, Security, trust, satisfactory, perceptions, Pakistan, Policy makers, strategies
Paper ID: 106

THE CRITICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE GROWTH OF MUDARABAH FINANCING:
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Noor Ul Hadi *, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University
Islamabad;Tuqir Afzal, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National DefenceUniversity,
Islamabad;Adnan Jamil, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University,
Islamabad
Despite the growth of Islamic banking, the growth rate of Islamic equity-based financing, “Mudarabah” (trustee
partnership) is still in its infancy. Since, recent literature witnessed that Mudarabah remained less preferred
(decreased from 0.15% to 0.06%) and less implemented in comparison to the other modes of Islamic financing.
Therefore, this study begun to explore the key factors affecting the performance of Mudarabah financing.
Literature-based findings showed inverse relation between Mudarabah growth and operational difficulties,
signifying that as operational difficulties increased managers discouraging customers not to adopt Mudarabah
financing as their first choice. Interestingly, it was also found that symmetry behavior of contracting parties
positively affects the growth of Mudarabah financing. Findings of the study have practical implications for
financial institutions, practitioners, policy makers, and customers.
Paper ID: 150

IMPACT OF MERGER ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE BANKS (EVIDENCE
FROM PAKISTAN BANKING SECTOR)
MUZZAMMIL HUSSAIN*, UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT;Muhammad Mubeen, UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT;
ZEESHAN ARSHAD, UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT;Rizwan Umer, University of Central Punjab
The main objective of this study is to examine the performance of the banks that is uncertain after merger that is
why the investor and the shareholder of the financial institutions or financial institutions fearful about their
investment. The secondary objective of this research is that it provide the information to the bankers, government
authorities, employees and the investor of the financial institutions about the impact of the merger on the
performance of the banks either the performance of the banks are increases or not increase. The literature helps
the new researcher to check the performance and impact. Financial ratios such as the liquidity ratio such as “loan
to deposit ratio” this shows the short term paying capacity of the organization and bank. Investment ratio such as
“earning asset to total asset ratio” solvency ratio such as “deposit time capital” equity capital to total asset,
profitability ratios include the interest margin to earning asset are used to analyze the impact of merger and on
bank performance. So this study by using the ratios analysis concluded that the merger and have a positive
relationship with merger.
Commerce
Paper ID: 158
MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION PATTERN:
A CASE OF PAKISTAN
Saima asad*, PMAS-AAUR;Irfan Baig, MNS-university of agriculture Multan;Abdul saboor, PMAS-AAUR;Uzma
arshad, PMAS-AAUR;Rahila ibrahim, pmas-aaur
Consumption is an important determinant of an economy and covers most of the economic activities like budget
allocation, maximizing utility and Standard of living, income level, saving ratio analysis and spending on different
commodities called the “Consumption Patterns” of a household. Household consumption expenditure is the
most important part of aggregate demand. The study under consideration investigates consumption pattern of
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Pakistan with the impact of remittances, income, prices, exchange rates and urban population growth rate for the
time period of 1982-2015. In this study data is taken from World Development Indicator (WDI), Pakistan Bureau of
Statistics (PBS). Multiple Regression Analysis was used for estimation. The multiple OLS regression model is used
for the analysis. Augmented Dickey Fuller Test is used for stationary. The Johansen Co-integration test was
conducted to test the long run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The study bifurcates the analysis
into two sections international and nation and compares the results. This study indicates positive relationship
between income (GDP) and consumption expenditure of household. Similarly positive relationship between
remittances, exchange rate and inflation (CPI) and negative relationship between urban population growth and
overall significance of the model. Keywords: Household final consumption expenditure, remittances, exchange
rate, gross domestic product, consumer price index, urban population growth, Pakistan.
Organizational Behavior
Paper ID: 11
ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE CONSEQUENCES: THE DARK SIDE OF
TECHNOLOGY AT WORKPLACE
Shahnawaz Saqib*, Govt: College University Faisalabad; 26Mohsin Bashir, Govt: College University
Faisalabad; Javed Akram, Govt: College University Faisalabad;Muhammad Abrar, Govt: College University
Faisalabad
The initiation and implementation of surveillance by organizations can be interpreted as a signal that employees
are no longer trustworthy. Employee may perceive surveillance as a threat to their privacy, resultantly they may
involve in activities which may lead them to withdraw their extra role behaviors. This study was planned to
investigate the impact of electronic monitoring on extra role behaviors under the mediating impact of stress and
privacy invasion. Target population of this study was carefully chosen and data was collected from the
employees of telecommunication sector working in major cities of Punjab. Convenient sampling technique was
applied for sampling and 300 questionnaires were distributed. Response rate remained 54 % and 164
questionnaire received back. Already established questionnaires having strong literature support were followed
for this purpose. Instrument reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and values were in the
acceptable range. Smart PLS 3.2.0 was used for data analysis. Results showed that employees of
telecommunication sector perceive surveillance as a source of stress and reported positive but small correlation.
On the other hand employees reported that under electronic monitoring they feel higher level of privacy
invasion. In addition to this it has been found that under perceived electronic monitoring employees tend to
withdraw their extra role behavior (Organizational level) whereas tend to involve in organizational citizenship
behavior at individual level. Limitations and future directions are also discussed Keywords: Perceived Electronic
surveillance, employee privacy, stress, organizational citizenship behavior
Paper ID: 95
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL DISPLAY RULES ON EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION:
MEDIATING ROLES OF DEEP AND SURFACE ACTING
Adnan Adil, Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, Anila Kamal, National
Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
The current investigation was undertaken in order to examine the mediating role of deep acting and surface
acting between emotional display rules and emotional exhaustion in a purposive sample (N = 232) of customer
services representatives of cellular services and banks of Islamabad city. Emotion Work Requirements Scale
(Best, Downey, & Jones, 1997), Emotional Labor Scale (Brotheridge & Lee, 2003), and Emotional Exhaustion
Scale (Erickson & Ritter, 2001) were used to measure the focal constructs of the study. Path analysis in AMOS
revealed that display rule of expressing positive emotions had direct positive influence on deep acting whereas
display rule of suppressing negative emotions had direct positive influence on surface acting. Both deep and
surface acting demonstrated significant positive influence on emotional exhaustion. Deep acting fully mediated
between display rule of expressing positive emotions and emotional exhaustion whereas surface acting fully
mediated between display rule of suppressing negative emotions and emotional exhaustion. Both of these
10
indirect effects were positive in direction. Implications of the study and suggestions for further research have
been reflected upon.
Paper ID: 17
PAKISTANI PHYSICIANS: EXPLORING THE PARADOX OF PUBLIC SERVICE
MOTIVATION AND USER ORIENTATION
Shahnawaz Saqib*, Govt: College University Faisalabad; Muhammad Abrar, Govt: College University
Faisalabad;Arfan Ali, Govt: College University Faisalabad;Fasih Asghar, Govt: College University Faisalabad
The desire to support single beneficiary of public services (user orientation) has divergence with desire to support
society at large, both motivations compete in same dimensional space. Extra ordinary usage of broad spectrum
antibiotics creates negative externalities for society as large because excessive use of antibiotics creates
resistance among bacteria that become hard and expensive to cure. There exists large gap to comprehend
difference between discrete choices of both motivations of public service. The antibiotics prescriptions behavior
of Pakistani general physicians (Doctors) has been analyzed in this study to investigate the association between
Public Service Motivation and user orientation with this behavior. 250 Pakistani general practitioners in both
private and public sector to investigate the PSM relationship with user orientation. The findings indicate that there
is different association between Public Service Motivation and user orientation regarding prescription behavior
of the general physicians (Doctors). This entails that it is necessary to investigate this behavior difference to know
whether the public service provider is fascinated towards helping single beneficiary or be concerned more about
society.
Keywords: Pakistani Physicians, Public Service Motivation, User orientation, public sector doctors
Paper ID: 21
DOES CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IMPROVE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE?
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
Sharjeel Saleem*, Government College University Faisalabad Mohsin Bashir, Govt: College University
Faisalabad;Dildar Hussain, ESC Rennes School of Business;Aysha Noureen, Government College University
Faisalabad
Abstract Purpose: Conflicts among individuals often arise in the workplace and they can impact individuals,
relationships, and the organization as a whole. As literature states that only the reduction of conflict is not a
solution because everything has pros and cons, and so does the conflict. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the
bad effects and achieve the benefits of the conflict. This study attempts to evaluate the impact of conflict
management on perceived organizational performance mediated through workplace incivility and team
performance. Design/methodology/approach: To test the hypotheses, we conducted survey of 231 respondents
from multiple sectors including academia, banks, manufacturers, and employees from other private and public
sector organizations. This research utilizes the Rahim Organization Conflict Inventory to measure conflict. We
used hierarchical linear regression modeling to examine the impact of conflict management on perceived
organizational performance through mediators workplace incivility and team performance. Findings: The results
show positive impact of conflict management on perceived organizational performance. The results support the
mediating role of team performance. But workplace incivility did not significantly mediate the relationship
between conflict management and perceived organizational performance. Practical implications: This study
has practical implications from “human resource management (HRM) and development (HRD)” point of view. If
proper conflict management is adopted by managers, then it improves the organizational performance.
Originality/value: This research study contributes in literature by describing the conflict management
importance in organizations and its link with the organizational performance.
Keywords: Conflict, Incivility, Perceived organizational performance
Paper ID: 87
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIRM PERFORMANCE AND FAMILY DOMINATED FIRMS
AND THE ROLE OF FAMILY LONGEVITY GOALS, A CASE OF SOUTHERN PUNJAB
Zeeshan Mohsin, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari;Khuda Bakhsh*, COMSATS Institute of
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Information Technology
Firms in the southern Punjab are family dominated like other parts of the world. However, traditions, culture and
development levels are significantly different from the well-established industrial cities namely Karachi, Lahore
and Faisalabad. Although some studies exist in the literature estimating the impact of family participation on firm
performance, little or no detail study is available in the context of the southern Punjab focusing on the
moderating role of family longevity goals in relationship between firm performance and family participation. The
present study was designed to bridge this information gap by conducting a study in the underdeveloped area of
Pakistan where family businesses dominate. The study used subjective approach using cross-sectional data
collected from 137 small and medium family firms of the southern Punjab (Pakistan). Multiple regression analysis
was used to determine the moderating role of family longevity goal in firm performance. Findings of the study
showed that the effect of family longevity goals was significant and positive on family firm's performance. Family
firm's longevity goals moderated the relationship among family participation in management and firm
performance. The study provided evidence that family firms can contribute better in business performance hiring
professionals or non-family managers from external market to meet the existing challenges and better
performance of family firms.
Paper ID: 192

FROM CRONYISM TO DISENGAGEMENT: MEDIATING ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL
CONTRACT BREACH. A STUDY ON TEACHERS IN PUBLIC SECTOR UNIVERSITIES
OF PAKISTAN.
Saqlain Pervez*, University Of Gujrat; Muhammad Anwar ul Haq, University of Gujrat; Farha Javed, University
of Gujrat
Employees in organizations face many difficulties in their working environment. Organizations give them less
time to complete their assigned task and there are very narrow opportunities to move forward in their careers
because of the competition. In this situation, “Favoritism” an old form of corruption has become a major problem
for well-qualified employees. Cronyism as a type of favoritism is referred as giving undue favors to employees
without proper acknowledgment of qualifications. The objective of this study was to check the effect of cronyism
on moral disengagement through the mediating effect of psychological contract breach in public sector
universities of Pakistan. Psychological contract breach was also checked as a predictor of moral
disengagement. The theoretical model was developed on the base of an extensive review of the literature. Data
was collected using a 28 items questionnaire through a cross-sectional design study. Observations collected
from 229 respondents were used to check the statistical significance of developed model and hypothesis using
SEM in AMOS (21). Findings of current study reveal that cronyism has a positive impact on moral disengagement
and psychological contract breach. The relationship between psychological contract breach and moral
disengagement is also accepted. Psychological contract breach is found to be fully mediating the relationship
between cronyism and moral disengagement. This finding suggests that in presence of cronyism employee
become morally disengaged and could give justifications against their unethical behaviors at work. It also
suggests that psychological contract between organization and employees is also breached in presence of
cronyism. Psychological contract breach is also found to have an influence on employee's moral obligations,
and it also acts as a mediator between cronyism and moral disengagement. This study has filled the gap
identified by shu et..al (2011) and Johnson and Buckley (2015) regarding condition under which moral
disengagement occurs, and gap identified through the literature review of psychological contract breach. this
study provides guidelines for managers to take caution measures to eradicate the occurrence of cronyism in
organizations.
Keywords: Cronyism, Moral Disengagement (M.D), Psychological contract breach (PCB)
Paper ID: 207

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, WORK STRESS AND JOB PERFORMANCE AMONG
UNIVERSITY TEACHERS
Noreena Kausar*, University of Gujrat;Dr Bushra Bibi, University of Gujrat;
Hira Batool, University of Gujrat
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Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify, interpret and manage one's emotions or another person's
emotions. Emotional intelligence is a gathering of skills including self-discipline, self-responsiveness, self-
motivation and self-determination. This paper deals with emotional intelligence and work stress among
academic staff of higher education institutes in Pakistan. Further it also examined the impact of both factors on
their job performance. It is a cross sectional research. Multi-stage stratified random sample used to collect the
data from 152 (Male=49.3, Female=50.3) lecturers working at the University of Gujrat, Pakistan. Standardized
scales were used to collect data, Self-report Emotional Intelligence Scale (EI: Schutte, et al. 1998) was used to
measure emotional intelligence, Job Stress Scale (WS: Parker & Decotiis, 1983), used to assess stress while job
performance was assessed through Job Performance Scale (JP: Goodman & Svyantek, 1999). Descriptive and
inferential statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and independent sample t-test were used to analyze
the data. Results indicated a significant negative relationship between emotional intelligence and job stress (r =-
.279, p<.01), while emotional intelligence had significant positive relationship with job performance (r=.482,
p<.01). Further, work Stress has significant negative correlation with job performance (r= -.315, p<.01). Findings of
the study demonstrated that gender and marital status have not any significant effect on emotional intelligence,
work stress and job performance among participants. Results also revealed that teachers who belonged to rural
residential area have significant higher level of stress as compared to those from urban residential area. This
study suggests emotional intelligence can reduce the stress and can improve the job performance among
university teachers. This study highlighted the consideration of the training workshops along with counseling
support needed for the academic staff to improve their emotional intelligence that will be helpful to reduce their
stress level and can improve their job performance.
Paper ID: 234

THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE SELF-EFFICACY AND PERSON FIT ENVIRONMENT TO
PROMOTE JOB PERFORMANCE
Nosheen Rafi*, National College of Business Administration and Economics
Present study aims to explore the role of employees' self-efficacy and person-environment fit in determining their
work-related performance. The data was collected from 296 respondents from Pakistani organizations. The
collected data was analyzed to find out the effects of employee self-efficacy and person-environment fit on
employee job performance. The findings suggested strong and affirmative association of the two with job
performance. Self-efficacy along-with person-environment fit is an important factor in determining increased
performance of employees concerning their job responsibilities. Managers are suggested to provide employees
with such a work environment which could foster self-efficacy and person-environment fit among them. The
higher level of employees' self-efficacy and person environment fit will result in greater performance of
employees that eventually contribute to firm's overall performance.
Paper ID: 260

IMPACT OF PUBLIC LEADERSHIP ROLES ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF
PUBLIC SECTOR UNIVERSITIES
Hina Saleem*, Punjab University Lahore & Ramsha Qaiser
The phenomenon of public leadership is worth studying because public sector organizations face immense
challenges in this complex and dynamic world. Moreover the principles of public leadership are not only studied
in organizational perspective but also in cultural and social settings. A number of studies and research work has
been presented in the public administration aspect but there is still more room for research because there are
multiple opportunities present in the public leadership field. In recent times, the topics of public leadership and
organizational commitment have emerged as the main topics of interest and importance for many researchers.
There is sufficient empirical evidence research supporting the effect of leadership styles on employees
organizational commitment but there is limited research on the relationship between “public leadership roles
and organizational commitment” so this proposed research aims to highlight the impact of public leadership
roles on organizational commitment among the teachers of public sector universities in Lahore, Pakistan. The
study design was essentially cross sectional and a quantitative technique of analysis has been employed. The
data collection was done through questionnaire survey and disproportionate stratified random sampling was
used, based on a sample of 277 teachers, working in different public sector universities of Lahore. Instrument was
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checked for its reliability through Cronbach alpha and then it after ensuring the normality of data person
correlation was run. Findings reveal that Public leadership roles and organizational commitment of public sector
employees have a moderate relationship which is significant. Moreover, Public leadership roles were also
analyzed with dependent variable to find out their significance individually. These roles were tested with
organizational commitment using a no of items. Among them, three roles i.e. accountability leadership, rule
following leadership and network governance leadership were proved to be moderately significant for
employees' commitment, while political loyalty leadership proved to insignificant for organizational commitment
in Pakistan's context.
Human Resource Management

Paper ID: 91
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB INSECURITY, WORKPLACE INCIVILITY AND
COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIORS AMONG EMPLOYEES: ROLE OF WORK
FAMILY CONFLICT
Iqra Zahoor, Dr Najma Iqbal Malik (PhD), and, Dr Mohsin Atta (PhD)
Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha
The present study examined the relationship of job insecurity, counterproductive work behaviors and workplace
incivility and the role of work family conflict among purposefully selected 170 teachers of public sector
universities. Job Insecurity Scale (Ashford, Lee & Bobko, 1989), Counterproductive Work Behaviors (Spector, Fox,
Penny, Bruersema & Kesseler, 2006), Workplace Incivility (Martine & Hine, 2005), and Work Family Conflict
(Haslam, Filus, Morawska, Sanders & Fletcher, 2014) were used to measure constructs of study. Zero order
correlation revealed significant positive relationship between workplace incivility and counterproductive work
behavior. Moreover, work family conflict was found to be the significant moderator in relationship of job insecurity
and counterproductive work behaviors as well as in relationship of workplace incivility and counterproductive
work behaviors. t-test analysis revealed that male employees scored significantly high on job insecurity and
counterproductive work behaviors however with respect to work family conflict it was non-significant. Study
found that private sector employees had high job insecurity as compared to public sector employees.
Keywords: Job Insecurity, workplace incivility, counterproductive work behaviors, work family conflict.
Paper ID: 75
MEDIATING ROLE OF OPINION LEADERS IN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SURROGATE INDICATOR AND HIGH-QUALITY CONSCIOUSNESS: MODERATED BY
POSITIVE CORE SELF-EVALUATION
Ume Farwa, Sadia Niazi, Dr. Saba Ghayas (Assistant Professor), Dr. Adnan Adil (Assistant Professor).
Department of Psychology University of Sargodha
The primary goal of the present research was to examine mediating role of opinion leaders in relationship
between surrogate indicator and high quality consciousness moderated by positive core self-evaluation. The
sample of the present research comprised of 400 adults were selected by convenient sampling and divided into
two groups' young adults and middle adults. Surrogate indicator, opinion leaders, positive core self-evaluation,
and high quality consciousness were Operationalized through Price-Quality Schema Scale (Lichtenstein,
Ridgway, and Netemeyer's 1993), Opinion Leaders Scale (King and Summer's, 1970), Positive Core Self-
Evaluation scale the subscale of Core Self-Evaluation Scale (Judge, Erez, Bono, & Thoresen,2003) and High
Quality Consciousness the subscale of Consumer Buying Decision Scale (Sproles & Kendall, 1986).All scales
were translated in present study by following standardized procedure developed by Brislin (1976). Before
assessing the relationship among present study variables, the psychometric properties of all variables were
determined. Correlation matrix demonstrated significant correlations among all present study variables.
Multiple regression analysis revealed that all study variables were significant predictor of High Quality
Consciousness. Proposed model of mediation and moderation was tested through PROCESS macro (Hayes,
2013). Results showed desired meditational effect of opinion leaders between surrogate indicator and high
quality consciousness moderated by positive core self-evaluation. Implications of the study along with its
14
limitations were discussed and recommendations for further research were suggested.
Paper ID: 76
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB INSECURITY, WORKPLACE INCIVILITY AND
COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIORS AMONG EMPLOYEES: ROLE OF WORK
FAMILY CONFLICT
Iqra Zahoor, Dr Najma Iqbal Malik (PhD), and
Dr. Mohsin Atta (PhD), Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha
The present study examined the relationship of job insecurity, counterproductive work behaviors and workplace
incivility and the role of work family conflict among purposefully selected 170 teachers of public sector
universities. Job Insecurity Scale (Ashford, Lee & Bobko, 1989), Counterproductive Work Behaviors (Spector, Fox,
Penny, Bruersema & Kesseler, 2006), Workplace Incivility (Martine & Hine, 2005), and Work Family Conflict
(Haslam, Filus, Morawska, Sanders & Fletcher, 2014) were used to measure constructs of study. Zero order
correlation revealed significant positive relationship between workplace incivility and counterproductive work
behavior. Moreover, work family conflict was found to be the significant moderator in relationship of job insecurity
and counterproductive work behaviors as well as in relationship of workplace incivility and counterproductive
work behaviors. t-test analysis revealed that male employees scored significantly high on job insecurity and
counterproductive work behaviors however with respect to work family conflict it was non-significant. Study
found that private sector employees had high job insecurity as compared to public sector employees.
Paper ID: 51
THE MEDIATING INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE REPUTATION IN THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, JOB PERFORMANCE AND
AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT: EVIDENCE FROM A DEVELOPING COUNTRY
Sobia Shabeer*, Superior University
Based on organizational identification theory, this study has made a objective to test corporate reputation as a
mediator among GHRM, job performance and affective comment. Data was gathered from a telecommunication
company “Telenor” in located in Punjab,Pakistan. About three hundred and thirteen filled questionnaires were
received. Preacher and Hayes mediation analysis was applied to know the results. The findings of the study
confirmed that corporate reputation act a mediator among GHRM and job performance, GHRM and affective
commitment. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
Paper ID: 120

IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL OWNERSHIP ON WORK ENGAGEMENT AND
ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: ROLE OF NEWCOMERS' PROACTIVE
BEHAVIOR
Saima Kausar, Adnan Adil, PhD, Sadia Niazi, & Sultan Shuja
Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
The present study intended to explore the role of newcomers' proactive behavior in the relationships of
promotive psychological ownership with work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in a
purposive sample of employees (N = 300) of universities, banks and hospitals of Sargodha, Rawalpindi and
Islamabad. Psychological Ownership Scale (Avey & Avolio, 2007), Newcomer's Proactive Behavior Scale
(Ashford & Black, 1996), Work Engagement Scale (Schaufeli & Bakker (2003), and Organizational Citizenship
Behavior Scale (Lee & Allen, 2002) were used to measure newcomers' proactive behavior, promotive
psychological ownership, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior. Results revealed
significant positive direct effects of psychological ownership and newcomers' proactive behavior on OCB and
work engagement. Furthermore, newcomers' proactive behavior mediated the relationships of psychological
ownership with OCB and work engagement. Implications of the study and suggestions for future research have
been reflected upon.
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ICMC-2018
Paper ID: 100
EMOTIONAL LABOUR AND BUS HOSTESS SERVICES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
FROM SIALKOT DIVISION, PUNJAB
Irfan Sabir*, University of central Punjab, Sialkot Campus; Aiman Butt, University of central Punjab, Sialkot
Campus
Objectives of the Study To analyse how much the Bus Hostesses in Sialkot, Pakistan use Emotional Labour while
interacting with their customers. To uncover the problems that bus hostesses face during their field job. To guide
the bus hostesses and the company managers to take suitable steps for dealing customers with respect and
integrity. Research Problem The problem being probed in this research, are the circumstances a bus hostess in
Pakistan has to face during field job [Mujtaba, 2014]. This study shows that how in our so called civilized society a
working woman usually faces criticism.[Rabia, 2018] and how she often has to suppress her actual emotions and
express those that are taught by the organization.[3]. Workplace discrimination and harassment have been
researched earlier, but, have not been studied regarding bus hostesses in general and not at all in Pakistan.
Research Questions: 1. Are bus hostesses emotionally stable? 2. Do the bus hostesses with stable emotions
serve customers better? 3. Are the bus hostesses with stable emotions criticized by the public? Research Design:
The study has used the Philosophy of Phenomenology, is of Exploratory nature, and, has taken a Inductive
approach. A Sample of 20 Bus Hostesses from Sialkot District working in Daewoo and Bilal Daewoo Executive
Busses. Personal Interviews were conducted while data were analysed in NVivo to develop themes, word clouds
and Conduct Content analysis. Research Findings: Findings of the study show that most of the bus hostesses
are ill treated and criticized, yet are emotionally stable which results in good customer service. Keywords:
Emotional Intelligence; Customer Services; Content Analyses
Paper ID: 166

REDEFINING PROSPERITY PATHS IN CHANGING GLOBAL ECONOMY: IMPACT OF
CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC) ON THE VOCATIONAL AND
TECHNICAL TRAINING NEEDS OF LIGHT ENGINEERING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN
Faisal Mahmood*, Superior University Lahore ; Dr. Muhammad Ilyas, Superior University Lahore
Purpose of this study is to identify the vocational and technical training needs of light engineering sector,
specifically influence of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on the vocational and technical training
needs, opportunities and challenges for workforce development in identified pathways and problems
associated with the skilled workforce. No country could bring a revolution in it unless its workforce is properly
trained in a right demand driven qualification(s) to meet the challenges of changing global economy. The
development of a well-versed and skilled workforce is an acute problem in Pakistan and vocational & technical
education is a key element for the development of well-versed workforce. The study is a quantitative research
survey and data is collected from the industrial estate of Punjab and policy makers. Stratified cluster sampling
technique will be employed. Collected data will be analysed using frequency, percentage and statistical tools.
Finally, conclusions will be reached and recommendations made. Recommendation will be used by policy
makers to launch the demand driven qualifications and to improve the quality of technical education.
Paper ID: 167

ROLE OF HIGH PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEM IN TURNOVER INTENTION
THROUGH MEDIATING EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE OUTCOMES
Rehana Farhat*, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi; Muhammad Razzaq Athar, PMAS-Arid
Agriculture University, Rawalpindi; Muhammad Khalid Sohail, COMSATS, Islamabad; Asif Shahzad,
COMSATS, Islamabad
The main objective of this research study is to analyze the role of High Performance Work System (HPWS) in
turnover intentions through mediating effect of employee outcomes of trust and job satisfaction. There were
many well renowned companies that adopted High Performance practices like GM, Google etc. The research, in
south Asian countries and specially Pakistan are on deficient side about High Performance. Specially, there is no
such study to examine the effect of HPWS with turnover intentions in Pakistan. The purpose of this study will fill
16
the gap by examining the banking sector about the High Performance with Turnover Intention through mediating
effect of employee outcomes. The analysis is based on primary data, where 310 respondents from five big banks
were consulted and data was collected. CFA, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used. The
analysis also includes by using first and second order structural model. The results of this research portrayed
that the firms using different practices under HPWS can enhance trust and job satisfaction to limit the turnover
intentions of employees. This research is expected to enhance the knowledge of High Performance Work System
in banking sector of Pakistan. It is also expected that it will add the contribution in a sense that the firms that are
not using High Performance Work System can get the lesson that how they can reduce the transaction cost of
employee's turnover intention.
Paper ID: 169

EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AND LEARNING ORIENTATION ON
ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
Daud Suleman*, University of Gujrat; Syed Ali Abdullah, University of Gujrat;
Yasir Farooqi, University of Gujrat
The aim of the study will be to investigate the effect of leadership style and learning orientation on organizational
performance in Punjab. Target population is middle level managers work in sports and surgical factories.
Multistage cluster sampling technique will be used for data collection as data collection from whole population is
complex and difficult. Structured questionnaire will be used for data collection. Multiple linear regression
analysis will be run for statistical analysis on data for finding the relationship between leadership style, learning
orientation and organizational performance. Two Leadership style will be measure Transformational leadership
and Transactional leadership. This study will provide empirical finding to help HR practitioner in understanding
the impact of leadership styles (Transformational and Transactional) on organizational performance. Key words:
transformational leadership, transactional leadership, learning orientation and linear regression.
Paper ID: 172

THE BUFFERING EFFECT OF PERCEIVED SUPERVISOR SUPPORT ON THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK ENGAGEMENT AND BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES
Sajid Rahman*, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar
The current study inspected the generally held postulation that a low level of work engagement leads to deviant
behavior and higher turnover intentions. To test the hypothesis, the study selected 335 employees from newly
established higher educational institutions of Pakistan. The study found that employee work engagement is
negatively related with deviant behavior and turnover intentions directed towards the organization. The results
suggest that perceived supervisor support moderate the relationship between work engagement and deviant
behavior. However, perceived supervisor support did not moderate the relationship between work engagement
and turnover intentions. Based on the results, we concluded that perceived supervisor support may use as a
payoff for comparatively low levels of work engagement. Implications and directions for future research are also
highlighted.
Paper ID: 181

THE IMPACT OF HUMOROUS LEADERSHIP ON NEWCOMER ADJUSTMENT WITH
THE MODERATING ROLE OF TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP AND MEDIATING
ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF EMPLOYEES.
Mirza Ahtisham*, University of Gujrat; Marium Shabbir, University of Gujrat;
Purpose: To analyze the effect of Leaders Humor on the socialization and adjustment of new comers in the
organizational environment and the impact of Transactional leadership on it with the mediating role of
Psychological well-being of the employees. Design/Methodology/Approach: Humorous Leadership,
Transactional Leadership, Integration of New-comers in organization and Psychological well-being of
employees was assessed in an empirical study based on a sample of 200 newly employed members of the
private sector organizations in Gujrat, Pakistan. The contact person in the specified organizations distributed the
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survey questionnaires to the desired persons having less than one year of job tenure in subject organizations
from target population. The respondents were briefed about the aims of the study prior to the questionnaire fill-
up. Multiple tests were run to test the relationships that included descriptive statistics, Confirmatory Factor
Analysis, ANOVA and Correlation Tests in SPSS and AMOS. Findings/Implications: The current study examines
the moderating role of Transactional Leadership on the relationship between Humorous Leadership and Social
Integration of new comers. It is evident from the results that Humor has a very important role in Human Resource
Management. As far as the old employees are concerned their long tenure have lubricated their relations with
their leader as humor and transactions over certain acts or behaviors is fairly understood by them. New comers
do not understand such jargons and expressions hence decreasing their psychological wellbeing. Practical
implications: This study will help organizations in better adjustment of new comers and using Humor in a positive
way by reducing the impact of transactional leadership newcomers. Originality/Value: The relationship
between Humorous leadership style, Psychological Well-Being of Employees, Transactional Leadership and
Social Integration of New-Comers is explored theoretically and tested empirically in Pakistani context.
Keywords: Humor, leadership, perceived supervisor support, Transactional Leadership, Socialization,
Psychological Well-being, Social Integration. Paper type: Research Paper.
Paper ID: 188

INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT BREACH AND
PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT ON EMPLOYEE BEHAVIORAL
OUTCOMES: AN APPLICATION OF CONSERVATION OF RESOURCE THEORY
Asma Gul*, Riphah International University; Khurram Shahzad, Riphah International University
In current years, the concept of psychological contract has gained much organizational popularity because it
focuses on employee-employer relationship. The present study investigates the effects of psychological
contract breach and four employee behavioral outcomes i.e. exit, voice, loyalty and neglect. It extends the
existing research of psychological contract breach by investigating the moderating role of perceived
organizational support in the link between psychological contract breach and employee behavioral outcomes.
Regression analyses on data of 211 office employees revealed that perceptions of breach significantly effects
exit, loyalty and neglect but not voice. As hypothesized, the negative relationship of psychological contract
breach with voice was weaker when perceived organizational support was high. However, the results for neglect
were counter to expectations where contract breach-neglect relationship was stronger when perceived
organizational support was high. Future research directions and managerial implication have also been
discussed.
Paper ID: 191

“DOES TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, SELF-EFFICACY AND EMPOWERMENT
COMBAT EMPLOYEE NEGATIVITY?”
Ibtisam Khalid*, University of Gujrat; Sheraz Anjum, National College of Business Administration & Economics,
Pakistan;Yasir Farooqi, University of Gujrat
This study contributed to find out the impact of transformational leadership, self-efficacy and employee
empowerment on cynicism and intention of the employees to quit the organization. The research is conducted on
the employees of University of Gujrat using case study method. Stratified random sampling was used and
sample was drawn from the administrative staff working in the university. The data was collected using
questionnaire method. Five questions for each variable using five point Likert-Scales. Result of the study showed
a negative relationship among independent variables (transformational leadership, self-efficacy, and
empowerment) and dependent variables (cynicism, intention to quit). Furthermore positive relationship was
found between cynicism and intention to quit.
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Paper ID: 194
IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL AND TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLES
ON PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR UNIVERSITIES OF
PAKISTAN
Amina Ali, Ex-Student at University of Agriculture Faisalabad; Muhammad Malik*, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad
This study is carried out to compare two styles of leadership i.e. Transformational Leadership and Transactional
Leadership and their impact on Performance Management in Public Sector Universities of Pakistan. The research
includes the Behavioral Attributes of the leader as a mediating variable while including the Organizational
Culture as a moderating variable to complete the framework of the study. A well-planned questionnaire was
adapted and modified to collect the data from 101 staff members of public sector universities of Pakistan.
Statistical techniques such as correlations and multiple regression was used to analyze the data. The results
exhibit that Transformational Leadership in comparison to Transactional Leadership has a significant impact on
the performance outcomes keeping in view the mediating and moderating variables. This study explains the
importance of Behavioral Attributes and Styles of Leadership in the universities and maintaining an
organizational culture which facilitates the performance of their staff, hence the quality of students being
produced.
Paper ID: 195

EXPLORING MODERATING ROLE OF FOLLOWERS SELF-EFFICACY: LINK BETWEEN
ENTREPRENEUR AUTHENTIC LEADERSHIP AND WORKPLACE BEHAVIORS OF
FOLLOWERS
Naeem Hayat*, GIFT University
This research work explores the association among the authentic leadership, self-efficacy, citizenship behaviors
and counterproductive workplace behaviors. Data collected from 248 teaching professionals working in the city
of Gujrat, Pakistan. Follower's perception of authentic leadership was significantly unconditionally associated
with citizenship behaviors and significantly negatively related to counterproductive workplace behaviors. Self-
efficacy moderates the associations between authentic leadership and followers behaviors at the
organizational level. When follower's self-efficacy was low, the relationship between follower's perception of
authentic leadership and followers citizenship behaviors was negative and positive for counterproductive
workplace behaviors. Such that follower's with high self-esteem diminishes the role of leadership at the
workplace. The implication for management and future research possibilities included as well.
Paper ID: 196

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND THE EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY, MEDIATING
THE ROLE OF WORK ENGAGEMENT.
faida sheikh*, university of Gujrat
Aim/purpose; The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between transformational leadership and
creativity. This study also aims to investigate the mediating role of work engagement.
Design/methodology/approach: Likert scale for measuring Variables as a unit are applied, Sampling data of 300
employees are retrieved from the manufacturing firms, non-contrived” natural environment of manufacturing
firms. Survey research strategies. Participants were questioned on their leader's behavior, their work
engagement and also their creativity. Findings: The analyses showed significant positive effects. is on
transformational leadership and the employee's creativity with mediating their role of working engagement for
the workers. Work engagement is found to be partially mediating the relation between transformational
leadership and employee creativity. Practical implications: Both for men and women transformational
leadership training, as well as interventions promoting work engagement, are promising approaches for the
enhancement of occupational success. Research limitations/implications: transformational leadership can
enhance employees towards creativity with engaging with work and also promising approaches for the
enhancement of organization success and creativity of employees that will directly transforms overall
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ICMC-2018
organization performance. Originality/value: the findings advance the understanding of how leaders deal with
their employees and their effects on their performances and their creativity towards the organization with
providing the insights into the mediating mechanism of work engagement regarding this relation. Keywords:
transformational leadership, creativity. Work environment, work engagement. Paper type: research paper.
Paper ID: 204

JOB AUTONOMY AND WORK ENGAGEMENT; THE ROLE OF JOB CRAFTING AND
PROACTIVE PERSONALITY
Usman Ahsan*, Chenab Group of Colleges
Job crafting represents the bottom-up process of how employees make changes in their routine work boundaries
to play an effective and important role in their respective professions. The main objective of this study was to
ascertain the role of job crafting between Job Autonomy and that of Job Engagement. Further On the basis of the
literature on proactive personality, we hypothesized that employees with a proactive personality would be most
likely to craft their own jobs, in order to stay engaged and perform well. Methodology: Cross-sectional design
was used to conduct the research and data was collected by means of 37 items questionnaire. These items were
adapted from different researchers and also demographic information was collected to testify like age, marital
status, gender, level of job, qualification, tenure and nature of organization. Sample: Sample population
consists of individuals from different SME sectors like education, manufacturing industry, FMCG (malls), hotels
and hospitals. As job crafting is related to every sector of life so the main idea behind generating data from
diversified population was to test the applicability of the model to all the sectors. Analysis: Statistical software
like SPSS and Amos graphics were used to test the results like reliability, validity, correlation, regression,
normalized importance and different model fit indexes. Results: From results it was concluded that job crafting
plays a significant role among job autonomy and job engagement, which means that more the job is autonomous
more likely there is a chance of individuals for crafting their jobs. Also it was concluded that the people who are
provided with the chance of job crafting shows more job engagement as compared to the individuals with less job
crafting. Further results are also in support of individuals who are possessing proactive personality are more
likely to craft their job and remain more engaged in their jobs.
Keywords: Job Crafting (JC), Jon Autonomy (JA), Proactive Personality (PP), Job Engagement (JE)
Paper ID: 224

ROLE OF CAREER COMPETENCIES IN JOB SATISFACTION OF TEACHERS; THE
MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB CRAFTING
Zahid Mughal*, University of Gujrat; Yasir Farooqi, University of Gujrat; Danish Habib, UCP;
Sadia Sajid, NCBA&E
Amongst all occupations, teaching remains to be one of the most highly stressful and in this context stress and
burnout are prevalent problems within the teaching profession and are recognized as a global concern (Vazi et
al., 2013). To ensure that teachers continue to perform their pivotal roles in helping their students to grow and
develop, they ought to remain satisfied. This study was aimed to examine the role of career competencies and
job satisfaction of teachers, and examine the potential mediating role of job crafting in relationship between
career competencies and job satisfaction. A sample of 206 teachers working in public and private colleges of
Gujrat, Gujranwala, and Sialkot, Pakistan, were selected. Andrew Hayes process macro was used to perform
data analysis and hypothesis testing (i.e. mediation). A significant positive relationship was found between
career competencies and job satisfaction. It was also found that job crafting significantly mediates the
relationship between career competencies and job satisfaction. To conclude individual who possesses career
related KSAs, and aimed to achieve career goals are not the passive recipient of their job but are more likely to
proactively redesign their own job to create learning as well as growth opportunities that lead him to be satisfied
with their job. Keywords: Career Competencies, Job Crafting, Job Satisfaction, Proactive Behavior, Career,
Teachers
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Paper ID: 227
“IMPACT OF WELLBEING ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF AGING POPULATION IN
KARACHI, PAKISTAN”
MUNAZA BIBI*, BAHRIA UNIVERSITY KARACHI CAMPUS
Munaza Bibi PhD Scholar, Management Sciences, Bahria University Karachi Campus. Akhtiar Ali Sr. Assistant
Professor, Management Sciences, Bahria University Karachi Campus. Rehana Yasmeen Master in Public
Health, SZABIST, Karachi.
The purpose of this research is to identify the impact of wellbeing on quality of life among aging population in
Karachi, Pakistan. Research Methodology: A well-structured questionnaire is used to collect data from relevant
individuals. The sample size comprises of 250 Individuals both working / non-working in different setups and
capacities in Karachi city. Four factors of wellbeing were used to check their impact on quality of life among aging
population. On statistical part, multiple regression was used to find empirical evidence of impact of independent
variables on dependent variable. Findings of Research: Findings of the research showed a varying degree of
impact of different variables on dependent variable. The statistical results indicate significant impact of
psychological wellbeing, social wellbeing and occupational wellbeing on quality of life. However, impact of
physical wellbeing is statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The improvements in life expectancy rate brings
changes in the age structure resulting in increased proportion of elder people. Pakistan is experiencing boom in
aging population so it has become a new challenge and there is need to focus on this demographic shift. The
study of nexus between wellbeing and quality of life provides understanding of the relevant variables, which are
significantly impacting on quality of life of aging population. Implications: This study is of value since it sets
ground for making plans regarding the management of elderly population by employers, public health and
policy making organizations. Effective policies and programs will not only promote healthy aging but also
improve quality of life of senior people by enabling them to remain as an independent and productive citizen.
Paper ID: 231

BURNOUT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE MEDIATING
EFFECT OF JOB COMMITMENT
Sourath Mahar*, IBL, Abdul Qayoom, University Mardan and Dr. Qadar Bux
This study was carried out to know the effect of burnout on organization citizenship behavior (both at individual
and organizational level) in which affective commitment and continuance commitment were researched as
mediators. All the public sector hospitals of district Peshawar were the population of the study. Three public
sector hospitals were randomly selected as sample of the study namely Khyber Teaching Hospital, Hayat Abad
Medical Complex and Institute of Radio Therapy and Nuclear Medicine. The result showed a negative direct
effect of burnout on affective commitment and continuance commitment. The direct effect of burnout on
organization citizenship behavior at organizational level and organization citizenship behavior at individual
level was also found to be negative. It was found that the direct effect of burnout on organization citizenship
behavior at organizational level and organization citizenship behavior at individual level is greater than its direct
effect on affective commitment and continuance commitment. Affective commitment and continuance
commitment was found to have significantly positive effect on organization citizenship behavior at
organizational level and organization citizenship behavior at individual level. The role of affective commitment
as mediator was found significant. This mediation was more significant for organization citizenship behavior at
individual level. Similarly the mediating role of continuance commitment on organization citizenship behavior at
individual level and organizational level was found significant as well. It was concluded that affective and
continuance commitment is good mediator between burnout and organization citizenship behavior(individual
and organizational level).
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ICMC-2018
Paper ID: 233
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB STRESS IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK-
RELATED DIMENSIONS AND CAREER COMMITMENT: A STUDY OF PRIVATE
SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN.
Mirza Ahtisham*, University of Gujrat; Asia Siddique, University of Gujrat;
Yasir Farooqi, University of Gujrat
This paper aims to find out the relationship between career commitment, job stress, and work-related dimensions
of work routinization, role clarity, social support, and promotional opportunity. Design/methodology/approach:
Career commitment, job stress, and work-related dimensions were assessed in an empirical study having a
sample of 200 employees working at managerial level in private sector organizations in Pakistan, Pakistan. Data
used in this study was collected through survey from employees holding supervisor or above level job positions.
The respondents were briefed about the aims of the study prior to the questionnaire fill-up. Multiple tests were
run to test the relationships that included descriptive statistics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, ANOVA and
Correlation Tests in SPSS and AMOS. Findings: The relationship between work related dimensions and career
commitment is mediated by job stress. While Job stress fully mediates the relationship between role clarity and
career commitment and partial mediation was found between work routinization, social support, and the lack of
promotional opportunity and career commitment. Originality/value: An examination of relationships between
work-related dimensions and career commitment holds important implications in the current business
environment especially in the developing countries where employee commitment may be shifting from the
perspective of an organization to one's own career.
Keywords: Career Stress, Role clarity, Job stress, Career commitment, Promotional opportunity, Work
routinization Paper type: Research paper
Paper ID: 242

ROLE OF HR PRACTICES FOR REDUCING CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC SECTOR
ORGANIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANIES IN PAKISTAN
Muhammad Ajmal*, University of Gujrat
The issue of corruption has become a fetal disease in public sector organizations of third world counties.
Specifically in the case of Pakistan the rising concern on poor public sector deliveries and unfavorable high
rating of corruption perception index (CPI) is a serious concern. But until now, it has been unsuccessful to change
such perceptions due to a rising number of scandals in government organizations. Recently a mega scandal of
corruption amounting 80 billion rupees in 56 public limited companies has more strengthen this perception.
These companies are formed by government of Punjab to quickly solve the public issues like clean water,
sanitation, waste management and energy problems .But these companies indulge themselves in corrupt
practices like misuse of resources, non-transparency, violation of established rules by legal authorities,
favoritism, failures to complete projects on time, faulty performance, irregularities in tendering and reluctance for
audit. All these practices which are highlighted related to implementation of administrative policies in form of
human resource (HR) practices in these companies. So viewing from strategic HRM perspective there is a need to
develop a set of comprehensive and multi-dimensional HR best practices framework for public sector
organizations to enhance organizational performance and help to minimize public sector corruption. This current
paper aims to develop a balance framework that focus on a process of HR best practices that are interlinked and
enable organizations to create long term value emerging from excellent organizational performance and also
improved Pakistan CPI. The proposed framework reflects the three dimensions of HR practices, opportunity,
motivation and skills enhancing HR practices. The propose model helps organizations to promote transparency,
foster reliance of formal rules and regulation, accountability, and integrity among public sector organizations.
Paper ID: 249

INDIVIDUAL FACTORS INFLUENCING KNOWLEDGE SHARING QUALITY (KSQ): A
STUDY OF PUBLIC SECTOR UNIVERSITIES
Farhan Javed*, Student; Ayesha nazish, University of Gujrat; Yasir Farooqi, University of Gujrat;
Danish Habib, UCP
22
Individual factors have been known because of their significant influence on knowledge sharing behavior in
organization. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between individual factors such as
awareness, trust, commitment and personality and the quality of knowledge sharing. Survey questionnaire
technique was used as tool for collecting data. The survey involved a Sample of 150 respondents from leading
public universities located in Punjab, Pakistan. The data collected was examined by using SPSS. Factor analysis
and reliability test were executed to ensure the validity and reliability of the tool and data. Confirmatory factor
analysis was applied to verify the four dimensions of individual aspects. Analysis revealed existence of positive
and significant correlation between individual factors and the quality of knowledge sharing. The results of
multiple regression analysis indicated that personality is the most important predictor of knowledge sharing
quality followed by trust, commitment and awareness.
Paper ID: 251

OVERQUALIFICATION AND COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIORS:
MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATION-BASED SELF-ESTEEM AND CYNICISM AND
MODERATING ROLE OF JUSTICE SENSITIVITY
Haji Abbas*, NUML; Saba Iqbal, NUML
The current study examined the effect of employees' perceived overqualification on counterproductive
workbehaviors (CWBs). Building on person–job fit theory and prior research on such organizational
phenomena,we conceptualized overqualification as a type of poor person–job fit.The effects of three behaviors
including justice sensitivity, organizational based self-esteem and cynicism has been studied in this research. On
the basis of person-job fit it has been drawn that overqualified employees might cognitively appraisethemselves
as less worthy organizational member. We also suggested that to the extent overqualified people are sensitive to
justice, theymay react more or less strongly to being overqualified. Data has beencollected through a well-
structured questionnaire from 309 employees working indifferent private pharmaceutical firms located in Lahore
city.According to the results of this research, it has been found that perceived overqualification is a strong
predictor of counterproductive work behaviors. Mediating role of cynicism is proved between perceived
overqualification and counterproductive work behaviors whereas justice sensitivity is found to be a mediator for
the relationship of perceived overqualification and cynicism only. It will be suggested to hire the individuals that
best matches the job requirement in pharmaceutical companies because overqualified individuals tend to
involve in counterproductive work behaviors easily. Level of injustice would be suggested to be controlled in
pharmaceutical companies because it can trigger cynical behaviors in overqualified employees. The limitations
and futurearea of research have also been discussed in the study.
Paper ID: 255

INVESTIGATING FACTORS AFFECTING KNOWLEDGE SHARING INTENTION
AMONG ISLAMIC BANKING EMPLOYEES
Muhammad Waqar*, University of Gujrat; Muhammad Anwar ul Haq, University of Gujrat
This research study investigates knowledge sharing in Islamic banks. Theory of reasoned action developed
by Fishbein and Ajzen in 1975 was used as a research framework. Close ended questionnaire was used to
gather data from employees of Islamic banks. The aim to the study is to explore relationship between
dependent variables intention to knowledge share, attitude towards knowledge sharing, and independent
variables, anticipated extrinsic rewards, sense of self-worth, and organization based self-esteem (OBSE) and
anticipated reciprocal relationship, and to unearth most influencing independent factor. Structured equation
modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data; results shown strong relationship between intention to
knowledge share and attitude towards knowledge sharing. Hypothesis regarding sense of self-worth,
organization based self-esteem (OBSE) and anticipated extrinsic reward were upheld. While anticipated
reciprocal relationship did not influence to attitude towards knowledge sharing. OBSE was found to have
most strong impact on attitude towards knowledge sharing. Keywords: Knowledge sharing, Attitude
towards knowledge sharing, Intention to knowledge share, Islamic Banking.
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ICMC-2018
Paper ID: 259
IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION ON
PRODUCTIVITY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF TEXTILE SECTOR IN PAKISTAN
Saba Nasir*, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
The aim of this study was to inspect the relationship between employee motivation, job satisfaction and
employee productivity and how motivation and job satisfaction affect the employee's productivity. Four textile
mills (cresent textile, sitara textile, interloop and masood textile) were selected for the study. 230 Questionnaires
were distributed among textile employees out of which 182 were received back with response rate of 79.13%.
SPSS 20.0 Version was being used in the analysis of this data. Findings of this study showed that employee
motivation and job satisfaction has positive impact on employee productivity. Analysis also showed that
employee motivation and job satisfaction can enhance both the quantity and quality of the output which will
ultimately help both the employees and organization to achieve their goals. Due to the limited time span, only
four textile mills were selected. This study will prove very helpful for the business owners to design such policies
and procedures in their organizations that will keep the employees contended and motivated with maximum
productivity level.
Finance and Accounting

Paper ID: 8
BANKRUPTCY V/S GOING CONCERN PREDICTION MODEL, CREDITOR ORIENTED
REGIME AND LIQUIDATION
Muhammad Irfan Javaid*, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology
The focus of the current study is to determine whether the original and the revised versions of the existing
prediction models are the best tool for assessing the going concern assumption of a firm in the creditor-oriented
regime. The analysis begins from estimating the classification accuracy of the original versions of the
bankruptcy, going concern and liquidation prediction models. At second step, the revised versions of the
aforesaid existing prediction models are developed. At third step, the accounting based going concern
prediction model is proposed by using multiple discriminant analysis for the creditor-oriented regime. The
sample contains the financial ratios of manufacturing firms for the period 1997-2014. Findings The finding
indicates that the five (5) discriminatory variables, which belong to “income statement” and “statement of
financial position”, of the proposed model is not only useful for evaluating the going concern assumption of a firm,
but also gives aid for evaluating the financial fraud risk of a firm as compared to the original and revised versions
of the prediction models that are developed for the debtor-oriented regime. Research limitations. The external
validity of the proposed prediction model can be tested on the large data sets of the countries where the
liquidation provisions are a part of their local corporate law. Practical implications. The proposed accounting
prediction model will be helpful for the internal and external auditors in order to determine the going concern
assumption at planning, performing and evaluation stages. The proposed accounting based going concern
prediction model based on liquidated firms.
Keywords: going concern, creditor-oriented regime, liquidation, accounting based prediction model, MDA.
Paper ID: 35
IMPACT OF STOCK LIQUIDITY ON DIVIDENDS PAYOUT
khobaib akhtar*, Capital university of science and technology;
Dr. Ahmad fraz, Capital university of science and technology
This study examines the impact of stock liquidity on dividends payout. The study employs three measures of
stock liquidity i.e. Amihud 2002 illiquidity measure, average value of share traded and trading volume to test the
robustness of the variables. To measure dividend payout, DVP, a dummy variable is used. Correlation and
regression analysis are used to study the impact of stock liquidity on dividends payout. Logit regression model is
used to study the impact of stock liquidity variables on DVP. The sample of 100 non-financial firms listed at
Pakistan stock exchange for the period of 2005-2015. Profitability, leverage, growth and firm's size are used as
24
control variables. Variance inflation factor test is also run to check the multicollinearity among independent
variables. The results of the study indicate a positive relationship between stock liquidity and dividends payout.
These results are consistent with agency theory. Profitability and size are also positively associated with
dividends payout whereas growth and leverage are negatively associated with dividend payout. Moreover,
goodness of fit statistics is statistically significant indicating that models are correctly specified Keywords:
Dividends Payout, Stock Liquidity, Agency theory, Information asymmetry, Pakistan, OLS and Logit.
Paper ID: 164

BARRIERS TO ISLAMIC BANKING GROWTH IN PAKISTAN: VIEW POINT OF BANK
EMPLOYEES
Khansa Kanwal, Adnan Bashir, University of Gujrat
This study investigates the perception of employees of Islamic banks and conventional banks (with Islamic
branches) about the barriers to Islamic banking growth in Pakistan. The results of this study are obtained by using
a well-structured questionnaire and by applying confirmatory factor analysis. The results of this study indicate
that trust deficiency about Islamic banking ideology is the main hurdle for the growth of Islamic banking. The
results of this study also reveal that inadequate information about product and services of Islamic banks and the
skills and training of employees of the Islamic banks also play a significant role in the low share of Islamic banks.
According to the results of this study factors remain same in case of conventional banks with Islamic branches
and pure Islamic bank employees, however their order changes
Paper ID: 47
FIRM-BANK RELATIONSHIP AND CLIENT FIRM'S PERFORMANCE: EMPIRICAL
EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Jahanzaib Sultan*, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan; Aamir Inam Bhutta, Government
College University Faisalabad Pakistan; Muhammad Fayyaz Sheikh, Government College University
Faisalabad; Fahad Javed, Wuhan University of Technology
The modern business environment of the world is quite competitive and all the firms around the globe are
confronting with the immense pressure of better performance to sustain their existence in the competitive world.
The firms are achieving their goal of better performance through different strategies, one of them is vertical and
horizontal integration. Financing being the lifeblood of the business world and major source as banking
industries has influenced firms to establish good relationships with the banks. These banks are themselves
commercial organizations and sometimes these relationships become lethal for both parties. This study has
investigated the effect of these firm-bank relationships and their impact on the client firm's performance including
firm-specific and bank specific variables. Significance of research: The following research is quite significant as it
targeted the less addressed market (developing nations) so it has added value in the literature for Pakistan.
Furthermore, such studies, before, has not addressed the family and nonfamily firms and the impact of firm-bank
relationships on such firms, therefore, the results of the study has targeted to discourse the unanswered question
that how family and nonfamily firms behave with respect to firm-bank relationships. Thirdly, this study becomes
significant as we have taken some bank specific variables to pursue the health of relationship bank. This
research is beneficial for different stakeholders, as it enhances the understanding of the firm-bank relationship
and it's helping or grabbing nature for different types of firms bearing unique characteristics. Thus, it enables the
firm management to rethink their strategies about the multiple or limited numbers of firm-bank relationship as
well as the bank characteristics which may turn the fate of such relationships. Methodology: Regression analysis
with robust errors is used to estimate our model. The dependent variable for our research is firm performance,
which is measured by four different proxies ROA, ROE, ROS (Chen, Li, & Zhang, 2015) and Tobin's Q. We have
included two variables for firm-bank relationship one is the numeric value of number of firm-bank relationships
NBR and the other is taken as dummy MBR, which attains the value of 1 if the number of firm-bank relationships
exceeds 5 else 0. Equity held by relationship bank is taken BEH, as we aimed to find out such relationship's effect.
Bank health is taken as Size, Liquidity, and Capital Adequacy of the bank. These measures are same as taken by
most of the researchers (Castelli, Dwyer, & Hasan, 2012; Chen et al., 2015; Delis, Kokas, & Ongena, 2016a; Thanh
& Ha, 2013). Contents: The research initiates with an introduction and background of the research topic followed
by the existing literature review. In the later chapter different theories related to firm performance and firm-bank
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ICMC-2018
relationships has been discussed. Following the stated theories the research analysis is conducted for the firms
listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange with the help of three stage regression analysis for different models used for
the said cause. Rest of the chapters explained the findings of the research with the recommendation and
implications. Conclusion: The results showed that firm-bank relationship is not always of helping nature as for
small and medium size firms the effect of a number of firms-bank relationships is negative with the firm
performance whereas, we found a positive effect for large firms. Family and nonfamily family firms have also
behaved differently for a number of firm-bank relationships and only nonfamily firms are found to be positively
influenced in terms of their performance. However, we could not find any evidence for the equity-based firm-bank
relationship. Variables for bank health are found to be significantly influencing the firm-bank relationship and
posit a positive relationship with firm performance. Thus, findings suggest that the relationship with healthier
banks are better to achieve performance objectives. Innovation in the dissertation: This research is aimed to
establish a relationship between a different firm-specific and bank specific variable which are useful to
understand the behavior of firm-bank relationship as helping or grabbing the performance of the firm. Thus, we
achieved this by: Established a missing link of firm-bank relationship for family owned and non-family owned
firms as well, which is a unique approach. Putting forward a new idea of firm-bank relationship types and their
impact using different proxies for the performance of the firms. Developed a new link for firm-bank relationship
with respect to different sizes of the firms. We endeavored to supplement the literature related to firm-bank
relationship and its impact on client firm performance and set the ground for further exploration on other
measures of performance such shareholder's wealth maximization etc. and provided contextual information
regarding relationship banking in developing countries. Keywords: Firm-Bank Relationship, Family and
Nonfamily Firms, Firm Size and firm performance.
Paper ID: 73
ANALYZING NEXUS BETWEEN FINANCIAL REFORMS AND SAVINGS IN PAKISTAN:
AN ECONOMETRIC INVESTIGATION
Adiqa kiani*, federal urdu university, Islamabad; Nazima ellahi, foundation university
Development economists and policy makers across the globe extensively discuss the factors affecting the
growth performance of developing economies. The recent financial crisis and poor performance of financial
sector instigated the economies to shift from suppressive regulations to deregulations of interest rate along with
implementation of a few other open options. International funding agencies provided technical as well as
financial assistance to carry on the agenda and achieve optimal policy mix. Keeping in view its importance,
present study tests the empirical nexus between financial reforms and savings in Pakistan. Data set ranges from
1980 to 2015 and application of econometric method of Johansen co integration method found the short run and
long run saving function. Major findings suggested that financial reforms gave a boost to saving rate and hence
contributed towards overall performance enhancement in Pakistan. The results of other control variables show
positive and robust relationship according to theoretical background.
Key Words: Financial Repression, Financial Reforms, Co-integration, Econometric Techniques
Paper ID: 258

TOBIN'S Q AS AN INDICATOR OF FIRM PERFORMANCE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
FROM MANUFACTURING SECTOR INDUSTRIES OF PAKISTAN
Shahzaibe Aijazi , and Naqi Shah, Qarshi University
In the context of cooperate governance, the earlier studies report ambiguous implications of firm's improved
operating efficiency on Tobin's Q. Following the theoretical settings of Dybvig and Warachka (2015), this study
attempts to seek empirical evidence on the appropriateness of Tobin's Q as an indicator of firm's performance.
Firm's improved operating efficiency (proxied through (i) scale efficiency, and (ii) cost discipline) is postulated to
bear statistically significant impact on Tobin'Q. The hypothesized relationship is verified empirically against two
distinct measures of Tobin's q for Pakistan against its 51 manufacturing firms, using their five years (2012-16)
annual data points. Two measures are differentiated from each other based on firms' approach towards
financing their investments. The first measure limits firms' reliance on equity financing only, where firms are
directly aimed at improving the market value of their equity. The second measure is relatively more liberal and
realistic, given the fact that firms rely on debts for financing their projects, in addition to equity. A robust
26
econometric approach is used for empirical validation (invalidation) of the proposed model, using both panel
data and cross-sectional regression estimators. The two measures of Tobin's q yield substantially contrasting
results, thus leaving us indecisive about the accuracy of said measure as an indicator of firms' performance. For
validating the efficiency of Tobin's Q as an efficient measure of firm's performance, it is hypothesized that the
cross-firms' disparities in Tobin's Q are purely driven by cost discipline (only) i.e., coefficient values on cost
discipline and scale efficiency must be negative and zero (besides holding desirable statistical significance),
respectively. However, a positive coefficient value on scale efficiency however suggests rising values of Tobin's
Q, induced by under-investments. Against the first measure of Q, results from panel data estimates yield
absolutely no support in favor of scale efficiency being reflected in our chosen proxy of Q. Similarly, the
corresponding cross-section regression results (obtained through 5-years' time-series period averages)
generate ignorable amount of support in favor of Tobin's q as indicator of firms' scale efficiency. These results are
in line with our theoretical predictions. Also, the cost discipline turns out to be behaving in a manner which is
intuitively desirable. The second measure (through both its panel data and cross-sectional regression estimates)
on contrary advocates the explanatory power of scale efficiency against Q, and reveals firms' underinvestment's
ability to inflate Tobin's q. These results stand in sharp contrast with the prior literature's assumption that a higher
Tobin's q is an evidence of better firm performance.
Key Words: Firms' financial performance, scale efficiency, cost discipline, variance consistent panel
regression estimator, cross-section regression estimator.
Paper ID: 97
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT STABILITY, CORRUPTION AND POPULATION GROWTH IN
PUBLIC SPENDING EFFICIENCY OF SAARC COUNTRIES
Sahar Khalid*, University of agriculture fsd; Munir ahmad, university of agriculture fsd
Efficiency of public spending has remained the major concern of policy makers in order to increase economic
growth. Global financial crisis has resulted in the importance role of government spending to achieve the
goal of economic growth, thereby highlighting the crucial role of fiscal policy. SAARC countries also faced
the challenges of financial crisis and the present study was designed to determine the relative efficiency of
public spending employing data envelopment analysis (DEA). Public spending of SAARC countries was
considered as output while government revenue, unemployment, GDP growth, investment and inflation were
taken as inputs. Tobit model was used to determine the influence of different factors on efficiencies of public
spending. The results of Tobit model showed that population growth was positively related with technical
efficiency of public spending in all the SAARC countries except Nepal and Sri Lanka. In India, Bangladesh, Sri
Lanka and Maldives, government stability was found positively contributing to the technical efficiency while
in Pakistan, Nepal and Bhutan it was negatively related with efficiency in public spending. Corruption was
positively associated with technical efficiency for Sri Lanka and Maldives whereas it was negatively related
with technical efficiency of public spending in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. Keywords:
Public spending, SAARC countries, DEA, Tobit model, Relative Efficiency
Paper ID: 118

THE IMPACT OF BOARD GENDER DIVERSITY ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE
FROM PAKISTAN
Mahnoor Butt*, university of gujrat
Abstract This study examines the impact of board gender diversity on the performance of the firms listed in KSE
100 index. A sample of 100 listed firms across multiple industries has been taken. Data related to variables is
collected over the period of five financial years namely 2012-2016. Proportion of female directors is taken as
independent variables and firm performance is measured by return on equity (ROE) and Tobin's Q as dependent
variables. Many other control variables are also included in the study to make sure that change in dependent
variable is solely due to independent variable. To investigate the impact OLS regression analysis is used. Our
findings indicate that there is a significant negative impact of board gender diversity on firm performance. The
negative impact may be due to tokenism and stereotyping which suggests that females are not appreciated to
participate in the workplace. Females are just appointed to meet the quota requirement but not given the actual
power for decision making that reduce firm performance in countries with strong cultural resistance such as
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ICMC-2018
Pakistan. Key Words: Board Gender Diversity, Firm performance, Pakistan
Paper ID: 122

IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP ON FIRM PERFORMANCE; EVIDANCE
FROM FINANCIAL AND NON-FINACIAL FIRMS
MUZZAMMIL HUSSAIN*, UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT; FAREEHA ABID, UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT; ZEESHAN
ARSHAD, UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT; SYEDA AMBREEN JAFFRI, UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT
This study investigate the impact of institutional ownership structure on firm performance listed on Pakistan stock
exchange. This study shed a light on the role of institutional ownership structure in firm performance. Institutional
ownership classified in four categories, foreign institutional ownership, domestic institutional ownership, state
institutional ownership and private institutional ownership. Tobin's Q are used as a proxy to measure the firm
performance. We proceeds with a sample of 40 firms from 2006- 2016. The data are equally distributed in
financial and non-financial firms. The panel data regression is used to analyzed the data. Institutional ownership
structure has been measured through the foreign and domestic institutional ownership. Results disclose that
institutional ownership has significant impact on financial firms while on the other side it has insignificant impact
on non-financial firms. The percentage of institutional ownership in Pakistan is higher in nonfinancial firm as
compare to the financial firms. Institutional ownership is most important features of the sample.
Paper ID: 132

A BIRD'S EYE VIEW ON EFFICIENCY OF PRIVATE BANKS OF PAKISTAN: A DATA
ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
Aamir Shahzad*, UVAS
The banking industry is one of the vital pillars on which the building of an economy is saturated. In case of
developing countries, where there is a lack of established saving and capital markets, mostly all the transactions
of monetary nature are executed through banks. To enjoy the best banking services, the general public and the
businessman of the era, mostly like to approach the private banks. Numerous studies have discussed the
efficiency of the banking sector in different ways; however, this study is specially decorated to measure the
technical efficiency of private banks in particular to fill the significant gap which has not been adequately
addressed yet. Being a positivist, the panel data covering the period from 2007 to 2016 are being gathered to
measure the efficiency of 20 private banks registered under Banking Company Ordinance, 1962 which was
never been addressed so far. A justified intermediation approach is used for the selection of two inputs and three
outputs. The data obtained from the financial statements of the individual banks and from the SBP Official
Statistics. A nonparametric DEA approach is being used, which have a strong link to production theory, to find out
the best frontier achievers using DEAP 2.1. The results from the CCR input-oriented model proved that the
average technical efficiency of private banks of Pakistan has not significantly increased during the analyzed
decade. The study also contributed to the existing literature with the finding that the return on assets (ROA) and
Earning per share EPS have a significant impact on the technical efficiency. The dynamics of the findings also
capture the level of inefficiency among private banks. A negative relationship has been observed between the
size of the banks and their technical efficiency. The major economic indicators excel a high negative impact on
technical efficiency except for GDP. The recommendations have been made for the policymakers and higher
controlling authorities, by conducting a peer analysis, to reduce the inefficiency through optimal use of
resources.
Paper ID: 141

DETERMINANTS OF CORPORATE RISK DISCLOSURE QUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM
KSE 100 INDEX
Ammar Abid*, Comsats Institute of Information Technology Lahore, Aamir Inam, GC Faisalabad
Due to increasing complexity in the business environment, strategy and operations, investors must be aware of
the risks being faced by firms which can significantly influence investors' decision making process. Global
financial crisis has also brought into limelight the role of effective corporate governance mechanisms in ensuring
28
sound risk management and reporting practices. This paper has two particular objectives. First is to measure the
level of corporate risk disclosure quantity and quality in the context of an emerging economy of Pakistan. Second
objective is to investigate the factors that have a bearing on the quantity and quality of corporate risk information
provided by listed firms in their annual reports. Using the data from largest Pakistani non financial firms listed on
KSE 100 index spanning the period from 2011 to 2015. Content analysis method was applied to measure the
quantity and quality of corporate risk disclosure from the annual reports. Drawing on a multiple theoretical
framework and developing a comprehensive risk framework for risk reporting, we find that firms tend to focus
more on financial risk disclosures and provide relatively lesser non financial risk disclosures including strategic
and operational risk disclosures. The quality of corporate non financial risk disclosures is also relatively lower
than financial risk disclosures. Further, the study found that corporate risk disclosure quantity is positively
associated with board size and firm size. However, it is negatively associated with ownership concentration.
Proportion of independent directors on the board, female directorship and CEO duality is not significantly
associated with quantity of corporate risk information. On the other hand, the quality of corporate risk information
is positively associated with firm size. However, the study found a negative association with the proportion of
independent directors, CEO duality and ownership concentration. The results of the study suggest that Pakistani
firms provide lower quality corporate risk information. The study has policy implications for regulators, investors,
practitioners and the firm.
Keywords: Corporate risk disclosure, Corporate Governance, Quality of risk information, Multiple Theoretical
Framework, Pakistan.
Paper ID: 155

IMPACT OF FIRM CHARACTERISTICS ON FIRM'S PERFORMANCE
Mamoona Saleem*, UOG
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of firm characteristics on firm's performance. A number of
firm characteristics have been studied by many researchers, practioners and academicians to understand their
effect on performance. Performance of firms is the one key concern for all the stakeholders as well as for the
economy of any country. Data is collected from 45 non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange from
the period of 2006-2015. Dependent variable include firm performance which is measured by return on assets
and return on equity while the firm size, firm age, leverage and capital intensity are used to measure the firm
characteristics as an independent variable. Regression analysis is used to analyze the data. The study findings
indicate that the variables are statistically significance to influencing firm performance. Based on these findings,
the study recommends among others that firms should adequately manage how they re-invest their resource so
as to prevent any form of mismanagement of resource that can guarantee their existence in business.
Keywords: Firm characteristics, firm's performance, Pakistan Stock Exchange
Paper ID: 156

STOCK MARKET, PULSE OF AN ECONOMY A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF SOUTH
ASIA, SOUTHEAST ASIA AND NORTHEAST ASIA
Farooq Azam*, University of Gujrat
Purpose: Stock market is the pulse of an economy and macroeconomic indicators are the parameters of an
economy. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of economic indicators on stock markets of South
Asia, South East Asia and North East Asia (SSEANEA). Design/methodology/approach: The design of the study is
cross sectional retrospective, observational and analytical. Balance panel data with equal number of
observations from nine countries is used for the period of seventeen years from 2000 to 2016. Ordinary Least
Square (OLS), Random Effect Model (REM) and Fixed Effect Model (FEM) are applied to the data. Findings:
Empirically found that stock market indices and economic indicators are positive correlated. GDP, FDI, COP, M2
and IR have significance impact on stock indices however the impact of PCI income is insignificant. The findings
advocate that stock markets are the face of the SSEANEA economies. Research limitations/implication: The
stock markets of some countries of the target population are not well established so that they cannot represent
the face of the economies. Originality/ Value: The research opens new dimensions to investigate the relation of
stock market and economy with different economic parameters. No peer study is available that addresses the
SSEANEA economies.
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ICMC-2018
Paper ID: 178
MARKET TIMING AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN STOCK
EXCHANGE
Asba Arshad*, University of Gujrat; Muhammad Usman, University of Gujrat; sumbal Ali, sumbal ali
Firms are inclined to issue shares when the market price of the shares is high as compared to the book value.
Most of the times equity is purchased back by the firms when it experiences a decline in the market value. So
there is a need to assess the impact of such market timing on capital structure of the firm. The study analyzes the
market timing hypothesis of capital structure through the use of PSE 100 index excluding the financial firms. PSE
100 Index acts as a benchmark for price comparisons and selects representative companies on the basis of
market capitalization. Data for the selected companies encompasses the time period ranging from 2006 to 2016.
Current study hypothesize that market timing has an important role in determination of capital structure. Market
timing theory was presented by Baker and Wurgler (2002). Current study employs the market timing measure as
used by Kargar et al (2015). Capital structure is calculated through the ratio of total debts to total assets. Data
analysis is done with the help of linear log regression model that has log transformed independent variable i.e.
market to book value of equity. Ratio of tangible assets to total assets, profitability and size are used as control
variables. Results present the evidence that market to book value of equity has significant negative impact on
debt ratio. So market timing hypothesis is confirmed in context of firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange. In other
words, such firms tend to enhance shareholders' equity by issuing new stock when its price is higher due to
market conditions. Current research provides insight to the managers of firms that capital structure is dependent
on the efforts to time the equity market.
Key words: Market timing, capital structure
Paper ID: 186

CALENDAR ANOMALIES: A GROWING CONCERN IN PAKISTAN AND MALAYSIA
Humaira Akram*, Riphah International University
Calendar anomalies in stock returns are well documented. Less obvious is the existence of seasonality in return
volatility associated with moving calendar events such as the Muslim holy month. The objective of the study is to
investigate the impact of Islamic months on stock market volatility of the Islamic countries. For this purpose
Pakistan and Malaysia are selected. Muharram, Rabi-al-Awwal, Ramadan and Zil Hajj are most important
months from religious point of view. For the purpose to examine the impact of volatility of Islamic countries' daily
closing values of sectors are selected. GARCH (1,1) model is used for technology and finance sector whereas
GARCH (1,2) model is used for oil and gas sector. We also find a statistically significant Muharram and Zil Hajj
effect and Ramadan effect in only one sector in Islamic countries. The presence of such anomalies may provide
money managers with opportunities to optimally time their trades based on daily and monthly price fluctuations.
Paper ID: 193

EFFECT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON FIRM PERFORMANCE IN THE
PRESENCE OF FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS
Tahirah Kanwal*, University of Gujrat; bilal khalid, University of Gujrat
This study sheds the light on the effect of working capital management (WCM) on firms' performance in
presence of financial constraints. The study is based on a sample of 45 non-financial firms covering a span of
ten years listed on PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANHE during the period of 2006 to 2015. In order to measure the
financial constraints Kaplan & Zingales (1997) Index is used. On the basis of KZ score firms are categorized
into four Quartiles. Firms in Quartile four are considered as most financially constrained, while firms
belonging to Quartile one are considered as least financially constrained. Working capital management is
measured by Cash Conversion Cycle and performance is measured through Tobin's Q. panel regression
model is used in order to test the results through Eviews. Results of the study confirm the inverted U-shape
relationship between working capital management and firm performance. In addition, we also found that the
firms that are likely to be more financially constrained have lower optimal working levels.
30
Paper ID: 197
DETERMINANTS OF PROFITABILITY IN INSURANCE SECTOR OF PAKISTAN: AN
ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS EVALUATION
Shams ur Rahman*, The university of Agriculture, Peshwar
This study is designed to investigate the main determinants of Profitability in Insurance Industry with a panel data
set of 41 Insurance Companies (life, non-life and takaful insurance) of Pakistan during the study period of 2007-
2016. Hausman's specification and Breusch-Pagan Lagrange multiplier (LM) tests have selected most
appropriate models i.e. fixed effects and pooled OLS model for this study. The results of pooled OLS and fixed
effects model reveal that Insurance specific and macroeconomic factors like leverage, business risk and inflation
rate are negative but significantly affect on Profitability of Insurance Sector. However, size and GDP rate are
positive and statistically significantly influence on Profitability. In addition, growth opportunity is insignificant
determinants of the study. According to the best knowledge of researches, this is the first study that covers the
entire Insurance Industry, which also includes takaful industry along with firm-specific and country-specific
attributes as well as applies the most suitable models of panel data for the study. Thus, this study recommends
for top-echelon and police- makers of Insurance Sector of Pakistan to consider micro and macroeconomic factors
like leverage, business risk, size, inflation and GDP rate, while enhancing Profitability of the firm and wealth of the
shareholders.
Paper ID: 208

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS:
EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTANI FIRMS
Rafia Noreen*, University of Gujrat
This paper examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and Financial Constraints
(FC) of Pakistani firms. Data is collected from Non-Financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE) 100
index for period of 2008-2016. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is measured by Contribution to health sector,
Contribution to education sector, Activities for natural disaster, other donations, Activities for employees,
Environmental issues and Product/services statements. KZ index is used to measure the financial constraints as
suggested by Kaplan and Zingales(1997). Our initial results confirmed that CSR activities are significantly and
negatively associated with the degree of financial constraints/distress. The initial findings of this paper also
confirm the findings of Campbell (2007). The findings support that the firms generally engaged in CSR practices
are facing less financial constrained as compared to the firms not engaged in CSR activities. So, this paper
provides the practical implication to the market participants to implement the CSR practices to reduce the
financial constraints faced while investment decisions.
Paper ID: 211

DYNAMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY AND FOREIGN
PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT AROUND THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISES AND
POLITICAL REGIMES: A CASE OF PAKISTAN
Ulfat Zaman*, University of Gujrat; Sagheer Muhammad, University of Gujrat;
Benish Rafique, University of Gujrat
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of exchange rate volatility on foreign portfolio investment during
the global financial crises and political regimes by using the autoregressive least square method. For this
purpose, an extensive theoretical and empirical analysis has been carried out over the period from 2000 to 2015.
We find that the results of GARCH model shows that the previous day volatility increases the current day volatility
of exchange rates in Pakistan. The results also reveal that exchange rate volatility is negatively associated with
FPI and source of lowering the net portfolio investment in Pakistan. It also shows that in crises period and in non-
political regimes the average amount of FPI in Pakistan significantly decreases. However, the study is explained
that political uncertainty has great influence on foreign portfolio investment in Pakistan. Concluded that the
lower level of FPI in Pakistan includes the lack of political stability; thus the study suggested that the political
stability is a key to attracting the FPI in Pakistan. Our empirical findings help policy maker and practitioners to
31
ICMC-2018
design to better investment strategies that provide optimal portfolio allocation in turmoil period. JEL
Classification: C22, E44, F21 Key Words: Foreign Portfolio Investment, Exchange Rate Volatility, Global Financial
Crises, Political Regimes, GARCH Model.
Paper ID: 217

EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FAMILY OWNERSHIP ON FIRM
PERFORMANCE
Yasir Nadeem*, University of Gujrat
YASIR NADEEM EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FAMILY OWNERSHIP ON FIRM
PERFORMANCE
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of corporate governance and family ownership on
the performance of non-financial listed on PSX during the time period of 2011-2016. The literature suggests that
family firms have outperformed their non-family counterparts, both on accounting (return on assets) and market
(Tobin's Q) measures. Model is tested by using a sample containing 74 firms listed on the Pakistan Stock
Exchange. Correlation analysis, descriptive statistic and panel least square regression are used to compare the
performance of family firms with non-family firms. To measure family ownership, we create dummy variable, if
firm is family owned then equal to 1 otherwise zero. Corporate governance indicators used in this paper are
external directors, gender diversity and CEO duality. To measure firm performance, return on assets is used as
proxy of firm performance. The study finds that family-firms did perform better than non-family firms in Pakistan
over the time period of 2011-2016. Family firms have higher significance impact on firm performance as compare
to non-family firms. Board size have positive effect on firm performance in family firms but it has negative effect
on non-family firms. This paper does not find a significance difference in return on assets between Pakistan
family and non-family firms. We find significance and positive effect of external board members in family firms but
this effect is negative in non-family firms. Key Words: Family Firms, Firm Performance, Gender Diversity, CEO
Duality, External Board Members.
Paper ID: 232

NOISE TRADING, INVESTOR SENTIMENT AND CONDITIONAL STOCK MARKET
VOLATILITY:EVIDENCE FROM PSEX
Benish Rafique*, University of Gujrat; Sagheer Muhammad, University of Gujrat;
Ulfat Zaman, University of Gujrat
This study aims to investigate the investor sentiment and its impact on conditional stock market volatility
during financial crises and political regime by testing noise trading approach into Pakistani equity market. In
order to generalize the noise trading approach, a proxy of investor sentiment of Baker and Wurgler (2007) is
used to find the underlined effect. Under this approach trading volume is regressed with macroeconomic
variables, wherein the coefficient of the unexplained portion (Residual) is considered as a measure of investor
sentiments. To measure the conditional stock market volatility, the study employed Exponential Generalized
Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH) model of Nelson (1991) by using the monthly data
from January 2005 to December 2015. Our empirical results reveal that investor sentiments has positive
significant effect on stock market volatility. Our finding suggests that political situation in the country is an
important source of conditional market volatility and disrupt stock market activities. In addition, these
empirical findings help policy makers and practitioners to design better investment strategies and shock
prevention mechanisms that provides optimal portfolio allocation in turmoil periods. JEL classification: G02;
G15 Keywords: Noise Trading Approach, Investor Sentiment, Conditional Volatility, Pakistan Stock
Exchange, EGARCH (1, 1), Financial Crises, Political Regime
Paper ID: 238

IMPACT OF BUSINESS STRATEGY ON STOCK PRICE CRASH RISK MODERATING
ROLE OF OVERVALUED EQUITY
Sana saleem*, university of Lahore
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of firm level business strategies on future stock price crash
32
risk by considering the moderating role of overvalued equity. This relationship is checked by taking the
sample of non-financial firms listed on the PSX during the period of 2008-2016. Methodology: To measure the
business strategy, composite strategy score developed by the Bentley et al. (2013) are used which consider
the firm's research and development expenses to seek new product, employees to sales ratio to determine
the firm ability to produce the product efficiently, standard deviation of employees, percentage change in
total sales to determine the historical sale growth, marketing expenses to sales ratio to find the firms
emphasis on marketing and sales and intensity of capital expenditures to capture the firms focus on
production. Rhodes et al. (2005) market to book decomposition methodology is used to measure the equity
overvaluation while the measure of stock price crash risk is consistent with Chen et al. (2001). Fixed and
random effect panel regression models are used to estimate the results. Findings: The findings of this study
show that firms following innovative business strategies (prospector) are more prone to future stock price
crash risk than defender. These results also confirm that prospectors are more likely to equity overvaluation
which increases the crash risk of future stock price Practical Implication: Nonetheless, the results give
important implications to policy maker by highlighting the role of business strategies as they can affect the
probability of firm level crash risk by altering the timing of information disclosure. The findings of this study
also give important implications to investors by assisting them in allocating the resources carefully among
companies with different business strategies. Originality/Value: This study finds out the impact of firm level
business strategies on future stock price crash risk by considering the moderating role of equity
overvaluation in context of Pakistan. Keywords: business strategy, equity overvaluation, stock price crash risk
Paper ID: 241

IMPACT OF OVERCONFIDENCE AND LOSS AVERSION BIASES ON EQUITY
INVESTOR'S DECISION-MAKING PROCESS AND PERFORMANCE
Abdul Rauf Hazoor, National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan; Prof. Dr. Hazoor
Muhammad Sabir , GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan; Safdar Hussain Tahir, GC University Faisalabad,
Pakistan;
Muhammad Kashif Khurshid*, National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan
The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral factors that having an impact of individual equity
investors' investment decision making process together with investment performance at Pakistan's Stock
Markets. Moreover, the relationship of these behavioral variables with investment decision making process and
performance are also monitored. As in Pakistan, there are limited work is done in behavioral finance, this study is
considered to add significantly to the advancement of this field in Pakistan. The study starts with the previous
theories in behavioral finance. So, based on those theories researchers developed hypotheses. After that, these
hypotheses are tested in the course of the questionnaires which are distributed to individual equity investors at
Pakistan's Stock Exchanges. Then the collected data are analyzed by using Statistical software. The Tests used
were, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Descriptive Statistics (DS), Cronbach's Alpha, Pearson Correlation
Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) along with Soble Test. The result shows that these are two
mainly behavioral factors: Heuristic Theory (Overconfidence Bias) and Prospect Theory (Loss Aversion Bias),
affecting the investment decisions making process and performance of individual equity investors. Most of the
sub-variables of both behavioral biases contain high impact on the performance of equity investor. And these
behavioral biases along with or without mediating variable (partial mediation exist through Sobel test) also
contain positive impact on investment performance of individual equity investor at Pakistan's Stock Markets. The
findings of this study are not only helpful to the individual equity investors, authors, security companies, but also
for the field of behavioral finance. Because, here the only two behavioral biases (Overconfidence and Loss
aversion) impact is deeply observed and draw the conclusions.
Paper ID: 243

THE IMPACT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ON FIRM'S VALUE: THE MODERATING
ROLE OF MANAGERIAL OWNERSHIP
Aftab Ahmed, National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan;Prof. Dr.Hazoor
Muhammad Sabir , GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan;Muhammad Usman Yousaf, National University of
Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan; Muhammad Afzal Noor, University of Gujrat;Muhammad
Kashif Khurshid*, National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan
33
ICMC-2018
Rapidly changing dynamics of globalization and increasing market competition are causing the companies all
around the world confronting several new challenges and opportunities. In order to be competitive and
successful apart from relative importance of physical sources, companies have to adapt modern strategies and
policies regarding market flexibility and development. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the
relationship between Intellectual Capital and Firm Value. Furthermore, the moderating role of managerial
ownership has been evaluated with the help of regression analysis. The sample included the panel data taken
from non-financial firms listed on Pakistan stock exchange (PSX) covering the period 2010-2015. A sample of 79
firms out of 384 firms have been selected with the help of purposive sampling technique. VAIC (Value Added
Intellectual Capital) model has been used for the calculation of Intellectual capital. Tobin's Q has been taken as a
measure of firm value. Managerial ownership has been tested as moderator. Based on data analysis, it is
concluded that the relationship between VAIC and Firm Value is significantly positive. It is concluded that
managerial ownership moderates the relationship between VAIC and firm value negatively. Keywords:
Intellectual Capital; Firm Value; Managerial Ownership; Tobin's Q; VAIC.
Paper ID: 248

EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT INTENSITY AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: THE ROLE OF OWNERSHIP
STRUCTURE AND BOARD STRUCTURE
Muhammad Usman Yousaf, National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan; Prof. Dr.
Hazoor Muhammad Sabir , GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan;Muhammad KashifKhurshid*, National
University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan; Aftab Ahmed, National University of Modern
Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan
Research and development (R&D) is an emerging competitive advantage to gain maximum market share. There
is an increased demand for R&D around the globe to fulfill changing customer needs and industry dynamics. R&D
culture in Pakistan is very poor. This study is conducted to empirically investigate the relationship between
research and development intensity and firm performance in selected non-financial firms listed on Pakistan
Stock Exchange (PSX). Moreover, the role of ownership structure and board structure has been evaluated
between predictor and outcome variable. For this purpose 27 non-financial firms listed on PSX have been
selected for the period 8 years from 2009 to 2016. These firms have been selected on the basis of purposive
sampling by following the criteria of data availability of research and development investment/expenses in
financial reports. The panel data was unbalanced due to data unavailability in few years. For the purpose of
analysis, descriptive, correlation and panel data analysis are used in this research. One proxy is used as
independent variable to measure the R&D intensity i.e. R&D expenditures (investment)/Total Sales. Three proxies
are used as dependent variables to measure firm performance i.e. return on assets, return on equity and Tobin's
Q. Three proxies of ownership structure are used as moderator variable i.e. ownership concentration, institutional
ownership and managerial ownership. Three proxies of board structure are also used as moderator variable i.e.
board size, board independence and board meeting frequency. Moreover, firm size, firm age and leverage have
also been used as controlling variable in data analysis. On the basis of data analysis it is concluded that
research and development intensity has positive and significant relationship with all three proxies of firm
performance i.e. ROA, ROE and Tobin's Q in the absence of controlling variables as well as in the presence of
controlling variables. Afterwards, the researcher has investigated the moderating role of ownership structure
between research and development intensity and 3 proxies of firm performance. On the basis of data analysis it
is concluded that ownership concentration and managerial ownership has negatively moderated the
relationship of research and development intensity all three proxies of firm performance i.e. ROA, ROE and
Tobin's Q while, institutional ownership has not moderated the relationship with any firm performance proxy.
Moreover, it is also concluded that board size and board meeting frequency has also moderated the relationship
between research and development intensity and all three proxies of firm performance i.e. ROA, ROE and Tobin's
Q while, board independence has only moderated the relationship between research and development intensity
and Tobin's Q but no moderation effect was concluded in case of ROA and ROE. Keywords: Research and
development intensity, Firm performance, ROA, ROE, Tobin's Q, Ownership structure, Board structure, Agency
theory, Resource-based view
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Paper ID: 250
IMPACT OF LEVERAGE AND DIVIDEND PAYOUT ON INVESTMENT UNDER
FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTANI MANUFACTURING FIRMS
Omar Shahzad Kahloon, National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan; Muhammad
Kashif Khurshid*, National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan; Imtiaz Zahid,
National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Pakistan; Muhammad Afzal Noor, University of
Gujrat; Akmal Khan , Waince Academy, Faisalabad
This research is related to the examination of leverage and dividend payout ratio on investment under financial
constraints of 188 manufacturing firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) during the period 2006-2015.
It includes two definite objectives 1) to investigate the impact of leverage and dividend payout on investment
under the proxy of small size firms as financial constraints of manufacturing firms listed on PSX for the period
2006 to 2015. 2) to investigate the impact of leverage and dividend payout ratio on investment under the proxy of
high leverage firm as financial constraints of manufacturing firms listed on PSX for the period 2006 to 2015. Firms
Leverage and total assets are used to measure the financial constraints. A panel data regression model is used
to investigate the relationship of leverage, dividend payout and sales on the level of investment. The both
financial constraint measures small size firms and high leverage firms show that leverage and dividend payout
ratio shows negative and significant impact on investment. Keywords: Leverage, Dividend payout ratio,
Investment, Financial constraints.
Paper ID: 257

CEO COMPENSATION IN FAMILY OWNED FIRMS OF PAKISTAN
Dr. Mian Sajid Nazir, Anam Tasawar*, University of Gujrat
The particular study sheds light on the potential dominance of family ownership and its control on CEO
compensation in family and non-family firms in Pakistan throughusing data of 132 firms during 2009 to 2015. This
study contributes toward new milestone in prior research of Pakistani economy, with respect to family
shareholder's impact on compensation, pay performance relationship in family firms and also succorsto
understand the roleof monitoring mechanism like independent board and institutional ownership in family firms.
The literature in corporate finance directs that the family firms scrub the level of compensation,which
revealsthatlarger family shareholders play active monitoring role as well as regulate the pay structures.
Thecurrent study established a support for alignment hypothesis butfindings do not support the corroboration of
rent extracting behavior in family firm in Pakistan. Broadly, the institutions have positive effect on pay packages
of CEO; however, the role of institutions in deciding CEOperksbecomes negative in case of family firms as
compared to non-family firms. The epitomes of the study show that role of family ownership is not powerful in pay
performance relationship for Pakistani firms when it is about accounting performance.However, in case of market
base performance,role of family has a significant impact.
Marketing
Paper ID: 38
IMPACT OF CONSUMER PERSONALITY AND WINDOW DISPLAY ON FASHION
ORIENTED IMPULSE BUYING BEHAVIOR
Nageena Tabassum*, University of Sargodha ; Altaf Alam , Lahore university ; Zahid Ali , Lahore University ;
Muhammad Ashraf , Lahore University
Purpose. The study's aim to examine the impact of consumer personality, window display, fashion fan ship
Hedonic consumption Tendency in context of shopping. Design /Methodology /Approach. A modify
questionnaires were used collect data sample size 150. Data was collected from College and university. Spss
was used for finding the results. Findings. Consumer personality, window display, fashion fan ship and Hedonic
consumption Tendency had significant effects on impulse buying behavior hedonic consumption tendency was
an important mediator in determining fashion oriented impulse buying behavior .
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ICMC-2018
Research/limitation/Implication. The study was limited to a specific college and university in central city
(Sargodha) of Punjab to general fashion product. Practical Implication. The results will guide fashion retailer to
adopted different strategies like store design, widow display, products packages and in store atmosphere which
will result increase sale and profitability and encourage consumers to enjoy shopping in good environment
Originality/value. Several studies conducted for analyzing fashion oriented impulse buying the current study
focused for check the impact of impulse buying behavior related to fashion clothing. Key words .consumer
personality, Window Display and impulsive buying behavior Paper Type. Research Paper
Paper ID: 54
CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATION OF MOOCS ON INTERNATIONALIZATION OF
BUSINESS SCHOOLS
Imran Hameed*, Air University
The global expansion of business schools has become an important reality over the years effecting economic
and educational sectors all over the world. This scenario requires attention as to how business schools'
internationalization process could be impacted by the technological and academic breakthrough provided by
MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) in the global landscape. With their enormous social pull, MOOCs could
redefine the future campus, its role and visibility of the faculty, and the student experience. For many, MOOC
carry the potential to claim the top end of high-quality education for the masses in the international arena. This
article tries to explore and envision the potential of MOOCs to serve business schools pursuing international
strategy. It touches upon if deployment of MOOCs is strategically relevant to business schools that aim at
international markets. The ground realities lead to believe that leveraging MOOCs could act as a strategic asset
in terms of impacting large international online communities. Contrarily, failure to deploy MOOCs may raise
barriers to entry for institutions in the process of internationalization.
Paper ID: 99
THE BANDWAGON EFFECT AND CONSUMPTION OF FASHION GOODS: CASE OF
YOUNG CONSUMERS IN SIALKOT, PAKISTAN.
Irfan Sabir*, University of central Punjab, Sialkot Campus; Ashna Azam, University of central Punjab, Sialkot
Campus
In today's world of socialization, we are losing our identities and influenced by thoughts of others. The
“Bandwagon Effect” referred to as a situation where individuals behave same as to their reference group has
several applications in the field of Marketing. A 5 star review by itself means nothing, but average 4/5 stars from
1000 reviewers can easily sway a purchase decision. Trend of consuming fashion goods, especially by the
young consumer, is on an increase in Pakistan. The present research was conducted on bandwagon and its
effect on consumption of fashion goods in Sialkot, and, the purpose of the study was to understand how others'
perceptions influence youth in Sialkot, Pakistan. The nature of this study was Quantitative, while a self-
administered questionnaire survey was conducted for collection of data and distributed among 200 young
consumers of fashion goods in Sialkot Pakistan. Correlation and Regression analyses were carried out in SPSS
for testing hypotheses. Results indicate that bandwagon has positive and significant influence on consumption of
fashion goods. The findings of the study will provide great help to the fashion good companies in formulating
their strategies in Sialkot as well as other cities of Pakistan. Keywords: Bandwagon Effect, Fashion Goods
Consumption, Reference Group
Paper ID: 256

POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION AND VOTING PREFERENCES: THE MODERATING ROLE
OF GENDER AND PARTY AWARENESS
Ashfaq Ahmed and Muhammad Ahmad
This study explores the process by which the po51litical parties, as a socialization agent, influence party
association, party image and voting preferences of the voters. To understand their influence and structural path
following questions are hypothesized; (1) will involvement of political parties in the political socialization process
36
supports the development of party association and party image? (2) Do the party association and party image
shape the voting preferences of the voters? (3) Do the gender and party awareness have a moderating role
between these structural paths? The results indicate that the higher is the involvement of the party as an agent of
socialization in the political socialization higher is the association of the voters with party and positive party
image. Party association and party image significantly mediate between political socialization and voting
preferences. Similarly, gender and their level of awareness moderate structural paths with different level of
effects. The both implications, context specific and generalized are also part of this research.
Paper ID: 124

PAKISTANI READYMADE GARMENTS INDUSTRY EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS:
EVALUATION IN THE CONTEXT OF PORTER'S DIAMOND THEORY
Asif Ali Safeer, Department of Management Sciences, National Textile University Faisalabad-Pakistan;
Muhammad Abrar, Govt: College University Faisalabad; SAJJAD BAIG*, NATIONAL TEXTILE
UNIVERSITY,FAISALABAD,PAKISTAN;
Rizwan Shabbir, Lyallpur Business School, GC University Faisalabad-Pakistan
The objective of this research study is to evaluate the export competitiveness of ready-made garments industry
of Pakistan by applying the Porter's Theory. Porter's Diamond Theory vastly applied in many industries to
analyse the export competitiveness of the particular industry. This research study is based majorly on secondary
data and also on primary data discussions with top managers of more than 24 garments companies of Pakistan.
This study evaluates the competitive advantages of the Pakistani garments industry. By utilizing the effective
competitive advantages, Pakistan can gain a leading position in the world markets. The term competitiveness is
the burning issue in the world economies; each country is putting efforts to be competitive in all the areas and
products to become a leading position worldwide. If a nation has become competitive in different products. It is
guaranteed that the economic performance of that nation will be advanced up significantly. The Pakistani
garments industry is seriously exaggerated just because of competitiveness in worldwide markets. The findings
of this research study guide the decision makers to take effective decisions to improve the garments industry
export competitiveness in international markets, which is also very helpful to boost up the economic growth of
the country. This research has significant practical implications for several garment enterprises,regional
governments, garment associations, R&D institutions for assessing the garments industry competitiveness. For
further research, this prevailing competitiveness model can apply in other textiles segments such as weaving,
spinning, etc. Keywords: Pakistan Ready-made Garments Industry, Exports, Competitiveness, Porter's Diamond
Theory, Competitive Advantages
Paper ID: 205

BRAND ADVOCACY A MODEL AND EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
Hira Javed, University of Gujrat
Brand advocacy play a pivot role in a brand success. An advocate always generates positive words of mouth for
brand. The main point of this research is to examine customer's attitude to brand advocacy and how to develop
self-connections and convert them into advocacy. The point of study is to look into the relationship between
antecedents of brand advocacy, self-connection and brand advocacy. The current study model explains the
relationships among brand trust, brand commitment, perceived value, brand uniqueness, self-connection and
brand advocacy clearer. As brand commitment, trust and satisfaction are the factors which are important to be
measured with advocacy (Fullerton, 2011). This shows that how significantly advocacy, customer commitment
and relationship marketing works. Structure Equation Modeling and AMOS were used to evaluate authenticity of
model. The results have supported that there exists relation among brand trust, brand commitment, perceived
value, brand uniqueness, self connection and brand advocacy. Findings supports the proposition that
antecedents of brand advocacy, self connection and brand advocacy have positive relation among them. Self
connection is an important input to brand advocacy. This study has proposed suggestions for managers who
want to engage their customers in brand advocacy, and supports positive brand outcomes i.e. Positive words of
mouth among customers of their brand. This paper offers a new approach into consumer brand engagement and
brand advocacy. It shows the relationship among customer's positive experience, sense of personal connection
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ICMC-2018
and brand advocacy. In this study, brand advocacy comprises of brand trust, brand commitment, perceived
value, and brand uniqueness.
Paper ID: 127

CONSUMER ATTITUDE AND PURCHASE INTENTION TOWARDS ORGANIC TEXTILE
PRODUCTS
Muhammad Abrar*, Govt: College University Faisalabad; SAJJAD BAIG, NATIONAL TEXTILE
UNIVERSITY,FAISALABAD,PAKISTAN; MUHAMMAD AYUB, NATIONAL TEXTILE
UNIVERSITY,FAISALABAD,PAKISTAN; FIZA AMJAD, NATIONAL TEXTILE UNIVERSITY,FAISALABAD,PAKISTAN
The human concern is increasing day by day towards the natural environment and consumers want to pursue for
the green characteristic of textile products. The study considers the factors such as health consciousness,
consumer knowledge, Environmental concern, Personal Norms, Subjective Norms. The main purpose of the
research was to explore the impact of these factors on consumer attitude influencing the purchase intention of
consumers for organic Textile products. Consumer attitude plays a role of mediator between Factors (health
consciousness, consumer knowledge, Environmental concern, Personal Norms, Subjective Norms) and
Purchase intention. An empirical investigation was conducted for primary data collection through a
questionnaire. The model was tested and analysed through Smart-PLS and Snowball sampling technique was
used for data collection. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted and 200 questionnaires were
distributed. SPSS 23 was used for Descriptive statistics, reliability and validity were tested through Smart-PLS
Algorithm test. The findings of the study reveal that Health Consciousness, environmental concern and personal
norms have a positive relationship with consumer attitude. While the Consumer Knowledge and Subjective
Norms insignificantly affect the consumer attitude. Consumer attitude mediates the relationship between
different factors and purchase intention. Ultimately, positive consumer attitude resulted in to purchase intention
of organic products. The current study contributes to the literature specifically in the field of organic textile
products.This study provides guidelines for marketers to understand the consumer attitude and their intention
towards the purchase of organic textile products and these factors can be exploited by the marketing manager to
develop business strategies for the future in Pakistan. Keywords: Consumer Attitude, Organic Textile Products,
Health Consciousness, Environmental Concern, Consumer Knowledge, Subjective Norms, Personal Norms and
Consumer Purchase Intention.
Paper ID: 131

ANTECEDENTS AND OUTCOMES OF INTERACTIONAL QUALTIY :MODERATING
ROLE OF SELF EFFICACY
lariab Arshad*, National college of business adminstration
This study seeks to model and empirically test key cognitive variables (role overload, adaptive selling behavior)
on outcome variables (interactional quality, customer satisfaction, service performance). Furthermore, this study
also examine the moderating role of work related self efficacy. Seeing that the said aims, an integrated
theoretical model, rooted on the reflections of cognitive energetically theory, cognitive emotional theory and
emotion action theory is developed. A survey questionnaire on the bases of well established measurements
from the previous research studies is adopted. Subject of the study is insurance sector. Data is collected with the
help of random sampling. A total of 317 sets of survey responses are used to empirically test the measurements
and propositions by structural equation modelling. The findings are in support of a significant model and
proposed relational paths. In general results revealed that role overload, adaptive selling behavior and work
related self efficacy lead towards customer satisfaction, service performance through interactional quality. The
results regarding the moderation of work related self efficacy were also in favor hypothesis. This research offers
a number of academic and practical implications. The main implication of this research is the extension in
conceptual research of marketing literature by providing empirical evidence regarding employee-customer
relationship. Managers should recognize that frontline employees, whether they simply interact or actually
render the service are the central actor in delivering better quality services that resulted in customer satisfaction.
A number of academic as well as managerial implications are proposed and discussed
38
Paper ID: 137
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP MARKETING: RECIPROCITY IN BUYER-SELLER
DYAD WITH CUSTOMER GRATITUDE AS MEDIATOR
Muhammad Ahmad*, University of Gujrat
This research examines relationships among customer focal antecedents, seller focal antecedents, customers
feeling of gratitude, and norms of reciprocity. The two-fold objectives of this research are; 1.To investigate role of
customer focal and seller focal antecedents in development of reciprocity; 2.To analyze mediating role of
customers feelings of gratitude in development of norms of reciprocity. Drawing from interpersonal relationship
marketing model and interpersonal attraction literature as theoretical backdrop of this research; the conceptual
model is proposed and tested. The proposed hypotheses are tested with dyadic data set. The data is collected
from both parties (buyer and seller) in the relationship from multiple sectors e.g., Food, Apparel, Financial,
Medical and Travel agents. The dyadic data is analyzed with Partial least square structural equation modeling
(PLS-SEM), because the nature of the data supports this analysis technique. The results highlight that both
customer focal and seller focal antecedents have positive impact on customers' feelings of gratitude;
additionally, customer focal antecedents directly leads to norms of reciprocity whereas seller focal antecedents
leads to norms of reciprocity via feelings of gratitude as mediator. The research results provide fundamental
support to interpersonal relationship marketing model. Theoretically this research validates and extends the
interpersonal relationship marketing model by incorporating reinforcement theories of interpersonal attraction,
and both buyer and seller perspective with dyadic data set; moreover, this research validate the thought that
seller focal antecedents in relationship stimulate the customers emotions which is paid in form of reciprocal
behavior and long-term relationship chain starts. From managerial perspective this research helps managers to
understand the importance of seller customer focal and seller focal antecedents in relationships for reciprocal
customers' behavior.
Key Words: interpersonal relationship marketing, relationship benefits, relationship investment, gratitude,
reciprocity, dyad, interpersonal attraction
Paper ID: 138

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP MARKETING: A DYADIC STUDY OF FIRM'S
CUSTOMER ORIENTATION AND CUSTOMER COMMITMENT
Muhammad Ahmad*, uog; Ashfaq Ahmed, University of Gujrat
This study examines the relationship between firm's customer orientation, salesperson customer oriented
behavior, customer intimacy, and customer commitment. The research applied interpersonal relationship
marketing perspective and proposed the conceptual model. The conceptual model suggests that (1) firms
customer orientation positively influence the salesperson customer oriented behavior, (2) salesperson customer
oriented behavior positively influence the customer intimacy, (3) customer oriented behavior positively mediates
between customer orientation and customer intimacy, and (4) customer intimacy positively mediates between
salesperson customer oriented behavior and customer commitment. To test the proposed conceptual the data is
collected from firm and customer dyads. The Dyadic data represent the both firms and customers viewpoint. The
data is collected from major food chains operating in Pakistan. Path analysis is carried on the SMART-PLS to test
the standardized dyadic data set. The results provide support to proposed path in the conceptual model. As per
results, Firm's customer orientation is central antecedent of salesperson customer oriented behavior and
customer oriented behavior leads to customer intimacy. Furthermore, there is strong support for customer
oriented behavior as mediator between firm customer orientation and customer intimacy; and customer intimacy
as mediator between salesperson customer oriented behavior and customer commitment. The research also
finds the significant difference of male and female customer's inclination towards intimacy and commitment from
salesperson behavior. The results validate interpersonal relationship marketing model's philosophy that firm's
efforts to generate the customer emotions which repaid in the form of customer commitment to firm which
consequently form long-term customer relationship. The key contribution of this research is to extend the
interpersonal relationship marketing model by incorporating firm's customer orientation as important predictor
and apply dyadic data set for validation of proposed conceptual path. From managerial perspective this study
helps the managers to understand the importance of salesperson behavior and customer emotions for long-term
relationship. Keywords: customer orientation, customer oriented behavior, intimacy, commitment, dyadic data,
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ICMC-2018
interpersonal relationship
Paper ID: 143

ANTECEDENTS AND OUTCOMES OF PASSIONATE DESIRE: A CASE OF APPAREL
PRODUCTS
Sumbal Nisar*, university of central punjab ; adeesa gul, NCBA&E; Danish Habib, UCP; Rida zainab, Arid
Agriculture University Gujrat Campus
The interest in fashion products represents a noteworthy proportion of consumer buying behaviors. From one
point of view, fast fashion trends have provided new opportunities for fashion companies to offer a wide range of
collection for its customers. Additionally, fashion products provide the way to its customers to express
themselves to others. Thus consumer behavior in context of fashion products is of paramount importance that not
only offers a great deal of interesting avenues for research to marketing scholars, but also captures the
intentions of practitioners. It is therefore considerably important and beneficial to investigate the consumer
buying behaviors with respect to individual and social factors in context of fashion products. For this reason, this
study on the grounds of social comparison theory, model and empirically test individual and social factors in
fashion industry. This study aims to explicitly probe into the individual vanity, social influence, passionate desire,
exhibitionism and self-expression word of mouth. A questionnaire based survey is conducted by using
convenience sampling technique to collect the data from buyers of fashion products (apparel products). A total of
372 useable responses are analyzed to test measurements and propositions by using structural model. In
general, the findings of the study are in support of the accretions and in support of the argument that individual
and social factors leads towards exhibitionism and self-expressive word of mouth through passionate desire.
This study offers solid grounds and valuable insight to practitioners as well as academicians concerning
consumer buying behavior in fashion industry by documenting empirical findings and important implications.
Paper ID: 147

REPURCHASE INTENTIONS TOWARD TRENDY CLOTHING FASHION IN MUSLIM
COMMUNITIES: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE, BRAND ATTACHMENT AND
PERCEIVED VALUE
Ashfaq Ahmed*, University of Gujrat; Muhammad Ahmad, UoG
Expressing the Muslim identity and faith through clothing and wearing culturally permissible yet trendy fashion is
increasingly becoming challenging for the individuals belonging to the Muslim communities. Therefore, the
repurchase intentions of such individuals are being influenced by many factors. This study investigates the
psychological process by which social agents with the religion and cultural mindset influence the individuals'
brand attachment and customers' perceived value to develop the repurchase intentions in the clothing fashion
industry. A conceptual model based on the relevant literature is proposed to understand the influence of
different factors. The study was conducted in Gujrat (Pakistan) in the apparel sectors. The mixed method
sampling approach was adopted. Data from 524 respondents were collected by using self-administrated
questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by employing two-step SEM to assess the impact of the above
mentioned factors on Repurchase Intentions. The findings revealed that the brand attachment and customers'
perceived value regarding apparel purchasing are strongly influenced by the social influences. The results show
that both mediators mediate the relationships between social influences and repurchase intentions. However,
the brand attachment is a significantly stronger mediator than the perceived value. Considering the findings, it
can be concluded that Repurchase Intentions can be strengthened and re-shaped through enhancing the social
influence by the social agents in particularly clothing fashion industry. Furthermore, creating an emotional bond
of consumer attachment and value perception with social approval of a particular brand leads to strengthening
the repurchase intentions and loyalty of the apparel brand.
Paper ID: 154

PAPERLESS PAKISTAN: IDENTIFYING THE DRIVERS OF CRYPTOCURRENCY
AWARENESS AMONG DIGITAL BANKING USERS
Alia Manzoor, University of Management and Technology, Lahore; Yasir Rashid*, University of Management
40
and Technology,Lahore; Imran Sadiq, University of Management and Technology, Lahore; Ansar Waseem,
University of Management and Technology, Lahore
Just like the traditional coin currency gave way to paper currency, now cryptocurrency is evolving as an
alternative for economic exchange between buyers. Keeping this emerging phenomenon in mind in this study we
will try to add some constructive points in existing literature by identifying some drivers that encompass from
creating mere awareness till ultimate adoption of this digital currency by digital banking users. Our dependent
variable will be the characteristics of adopters of technology based on innovation diffusion theory. Four
variables (familiarity with digital banking, income level, education level and personal initiatives and
characteristics) will be used to measure adopter characteristics. To make prospects aware is not the desired aim
of the marketer, but to create actual purchase. The journey from awareness to adoption i.e. awareness and
actual buying action entails adoption of technology. Using technology acceptance model (TAM), a person
adopts a technology after assessing its perceived benefits and risks. So, five variables will be used to measure
perceived benefits and risks which include credibility of sources, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use,
trust, and electronic word of mouth. Perceived benefits and risks moderate the relationship between
cryptocurrency awareness and its ultimate adoption. Therefore, this study will have a significance for marketers
of cryptocurrency, traders, digital banking users, and ultimate buyers of cryptocurrency as it would help them
identify which areas need to be addressed for tackling early adopters. A multi-perspective framework is believed
to synthesis debates and discussion in the existing literature and will provide basis for future research.
Paper ID: 165

ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT CAPABILITIES IN FOSTERING SERVICE
QUALITY AS A CATALYST OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT
Arslan Iftikhar*, University of Sargodha Gujranwala Campus; Faisal Azam, university of sargodha gujranwala
campus
This article aims to suggest a search pattern that sightsee the link between Knowledge Management
Capabilities that propose a research model to explores the link between Knowledge Management and Service
Quality through Customer Relationship Management as a Mediator seeking to answer following research
questions: 1. What are the actual uses of knowledge management skills to maintain management of Customer
Relationships (CRM)? 2. Do these processes have influence on the service quality? Design/methodology: This
article is based on data from a sample of 160 service organizations situated in Pakistan. The researchers have
run the SPSS software to test the suggested hypotheses. Findings: It was perceived that both organizational and
technological preparation were actual Knowledge management driver. On the other hand, it was argued that the
use of social networking tackles was not expressively associated with knowledge management. The outcome
shows a factual influence of knowledge management practices on CRM performance, thus enterprises can
realize how successfully implement such strategies. Limitations: The foremost limitation of this study is that it was
based on Cross-sectional data with a smaller sample size and variables were observed based upon the
perceptions of the general managers. Practical implications: Service enterprises need to capitalize in
technological setups and creates a suitable organizational culture to promote effective knowledge
management skills that will enhance the quality of service, paving the mode for the expansion of marketing
novelties and long-term relationships with customers.
Paper ID: 184

EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF CUSTOMER KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN
CREATING BRAND VALUE WITH THE MODERATING ROLE OF GENDER AND
RESIDENTIAL AREA OF THE RESPONDENTS
Mawish Munawar*, university of Gujrat
This research explores the ongoing process by which customer knowledge influences the brand awareness,
brand image and brand value perception of the consumers in telecommunication sector. This study deployed
quantitative research methodology and a survey was conducted using administered questionnaire as research
instrument. For this purpose a sample of 600 respondents was chosen on the basis of mobile sim usage, gender
41
ICMC-2018
and geoghraphical location from District Gujrat, Pakistan to test the conceptual model developed by reviewing
literature from multidisciplinary fields. The results reveal that customer knowledge management positively and
significantly contribute in strengthening the brand value through mediating role of brand image. However, brand
awareness has not found mediation role between customers knowledge management and brand value
relationship. Las,t but by no means customized marketing strategies on the basis of gender and geogrphical
location play a significant role in brand value. Keywords: Customer Knowledge Management, Brand
Awareness, Brand Image, Brand Value
Paper ID: 201

AFTER SALES SERVICES, BRAND EQUITY AND WILLINGNESS TO BUY SECOND
HAND PRODUCT
Afsheen Jalil, IIUI; Hannan Afzal*, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpind; Sheheryar Khan, SZABIST,
Islamabad; saman Attiq, university of wah
Brand equity represents a differential response and preference to marketing efforts that a product obtains in a
result of its band identification. Although practitioners are actively engaged to position themselves as a unique,
attractive and strong brand, little is known about the equity of the brand in case of second hand products. It is
therefore considerably important and beneficial to investigate the brand equity of the product in case of second
hand products. For this reason this study seeks to study which variables contribute to brand equity creation and
to examine whether willingness to buy second hand product can be considered as a consequence of brand
equity in the automobile context. This study provides an alternative branding view to the academic scholars as
well as to the marketing manager as this study explicitly probe into the effect of after sales services on brand
loyalty and brand equity and wiliness to buy second hand product as outcome. A total of 433 survey responses
were used to empirically test the measurements and propositions by using structural equation modeling. Data is
collected from the individual who owned the cars and this study was limited to only Suzuki and Toyota cars. The
finding of this study was quite interesting, results shows that dual branding strategy is one of the best tools to
engage the customer with one brand. This dual branding strategy creates the equity and loyalty at two ends; one
is the product or a new product offer from the branded company and the next end is services centers where
customers are in continuous contact with managers which helps in creating loyalty for brand and this feelings in
turn support in purchase of second hand product.
Paper ID: 219

EXPECTED SERVICE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION:
EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIR LINE
Janat Jamshed*, and Dr. Qadar Bux
The study focus on the sympathetic activation of service quality attributes on customer satisfaction about the
passengers/customers of Pakistan Internal Airline (PIA). The data was collected from the customer/passengers
of PIA located on diverse location of Pakistan. The collected data was analyzed via utilizing of two statistical
software's i.e. SPSS and Liseral. The finding of the study reveals that expected service quality attributes i.e.
(tangibility, reliability, responsiveness and empathy) has significant effect on customer satisfaction. Whereas,
service quality attribute i.e. (assurance) has found the insignificant predictor of customer satisfaction of PIA
passengers. The limitation and future research area is also included in the study
Paper ID: 230

AN EXAMINATION OF ANTECEDENTS AND OUTCOMES OF CUSTOMER
ORIENTATION: AN EVIDENCE FROM SERVICE SECTOR OF PAKISTAN
Bilal khalid*, University of Gujrat; Danish Habib, UCP; Tahirah Kanwal, University of Gujrat
ABSTRACT The customer satisfaction and service performance represents a major proportion of customer
relationship. From this point of view customer satisfaction and service performance provide interesting path for
research to marketing scholars, it also captures interest of practitioners because it accounts for a reasonable
amount of profit for organizations. Thus, it is important and beneficial to examine customer satisfaction and
42
service performance in emerging markets. Therefore, purpose of this research is to examine drivers of customer
satisfaction and service performance i.e. psychological resourcefulness, self-efficacy and employee customer fit
through a mediating variable customer orientation of sales persons. This study, developed a model and
examined it empirically to test the relationship in between aforstated variables. Customers, salespersons and
their supervisors of insurance industry are the subject of this study. Total 317survey responses with the help of
random sampling were collected from 951 respondents (tried responses). Theoretical model and propositions
were tested by adopting a series of data analysis tools like descriptive, correlation and structural equational
model. The findings reflected that all the antecedents of customer orientation significantly contribute in
developing customer orientation and customer orientation significantly contribute in satisfying customer and
service performance. This study provides a sound grounds and helpful insight to academicians as well as
practitioners by presenting empirical findings and important implications in context of customer orientation. Key
words: customer satisfaction, service performance, psychological resourcefulness, self-efficacy, employee
customer-fit, customer orientation
Entrepreneurship
Paper ID: 16
TOURISM DEMAND FUNCTION: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN
Muhammad Zafar haq*, IQRA National University; Rahman Ullah, IQRA National University, Peshawar
The purpose of this study is to find out how Tourism contributes in the services sector as well as in the overall
growth of a country. With the help of Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model this study attempts to
estimate the tourism demand function in context of Pakistan and answers the question why tourism is not
flourishing in Pakistan. Time series data has been collected from the time period 1984 to 2010. The study
analyzes the prevailing law and order situation, internal and external conflicts and the ethnic tensions prevailing
in the country impacts the tourism demand negatively whereas a better socioeconomic condition particularly
Infrastructure development are favorable for the international tourism. Exchange rate that captures the prices
factor contribute negative impact in the demand function where as the income of the tourist is positive and
significant both in the short and long run.
Paper ID: 18
ROLE OF BUREAUCRATIC EFFICIENCY IN DETERMINING TRADE OPENNESS: AN
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS IN SELECTED SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES
Rabia Saghir*, Foundation University Rawalpindi Campus
This study discovers how bureaucratic efficiency affects the trade openness in selected South Asian
countries by applying GMM technique. The openness to international trade is found evidently more sensitive
to bureaucratic efficiency. A positive relationship between level of openness to international trade and
bureaucratic efficiency has been established in the literature. This paper argues that trade openness creates
less incentive for dishonest bureaucrats due to high competition with foreign countries and international
trade also reduces domestic monopoly. Using the quality of bureaucracy as a proxy for government
effectiveness, we show that productive bureaucracy has a positive and significant effect on trade openness.
Similarly result also shows that democracy positively affects trade openness. Key words: trade openness,
Bureaucratic Efficiency, Democracy
Paper ID: 42
ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF ISLAM
Faisal afzal Siddiqui*, Business Research Consultants; Aijaz Ahmed, DEA Institute Research and Education;
Fahmida Bano, Faculty Member, Department of Teacher Education, Urdu University, Karachi; Muhammad
Iqbal Ahmed, Metropolitan University, Karachi; Kamal Haider , Chairman, Department Of Special Education,
Federal Urdu University, Karachi Campus, Karachi
In these days, many scholars in the domain of economy, entrepreneurship, Islam, etc. are indicating the
43
ICMC-2018
entrepreneurship as a development engine such as Shompiter. They tried to use this leverage for development
and welfare of the countries. The present research focuses the Islamic entrepreneurship conceptual pattern
according to Islamic studies and based on the four-aspect system including entrepreneurship, personal,
organizational, social and moral. As moral and religious values determine the social and devotional value,
additionally they focus on efforts for developing the society. In Quran, God settled efforts for human being. The
present paper studies how innovation as a fundamental concept will produce the Islamic entrepreneurship
structure beside Islamic moral and values. The methodology used in utilized in this study includes theoretical
and citation studies through using Islamic reliable resources. The findings were gained {based on the|on the
basis of the} Islamic teaching in Quran and behavior of saints.
Paper ID: 59
EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ON AGRICULTURE OUTPUT IN PAKISTAN:
AN INDIRECT EFFECT
Sadaf Shareef*, and Adiqa Kiani ,Federal Urdu University, Islamabad
The study is aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effect of technology transfer through credit disbursement
on agricultural output in Pakistan. For this purpose, we have used land, labor, waer availability and credit
disbursement as core variables to see the impact on value added agriculture by purchasing expensive
technology through credit. ARDL [Auto Regressive Distributed Lag] approach is applied and Granger Causality
Test to analyze the effects for the period of 1974-2015. This study evaluated the role of credit is significant and
positive through indirect effect. The result of following study suggested that coefficient of cropped area is highly
significant because cropped land is core input of agriculture sector. Results of study also pointed out that output
increase as intensity of land ratio increases. The empirical result indicates that direct use of credit on agricultural
output is positive but insignificant particularly, no sense of its direct use. The role of institutional credit is more
important as it is a source of providing different agricultural inputs which has strong impact on productivity. Our
study suggested that agricultural output is enhanced via three inputs tractors, tube wells, and seeds and credit
play important role for providing tractors and tube wells to this sector. The study also shows that long run
coefficient of cropped area is highly significant because the land is a basic input to agricultural sector. It indicates
that as the cropped area increases it may increase the output due to proper utilization of technology in large
farmed area. Water availability at farm gate also provides the significant and positive effect on value added
agriculture. It is suggested that proper utilization of credit, effective utilization of machinery and other inputs will
be helpful to enhance agriculture output. Key words: Auto Regressive Distributed Lag, institutional credit,
expensive machinery
Paper ID: 128

MISSION STATEMENT AND ACTION: A STUDY OF EDUPRENEURERS' PASSION
AND PRACTICES
Shaista Khalid, University of Sargodha; Zubair Ahmed Shah, Government college for elementary teachers
sargodha
Present study aimed to explore the intensions of edupreneurs in relation with their practices toward quality of
education they are imparting. Objectives of the study were to find out the objectives and practices of private
edupreneurs and to compare it with the perceptions of parents and teachers about quality of education claimed
by the schools. Qualitative research design was opted for the study and using purposive sampling technique
seventeen edupreneurs running well reputed private schools in cities of Sargodha, Lahore and Gujrat were taken
as sample. Teachers (N 26) from these schools and parents (N 19) as stake holders were also the part of sample.
Document analysis, Semi structured Interviews of the owners of schools and focus group interviews of parents
were conducted to gather the data for the study. Three indicators of quality i.e. input, process and product were
studied. Thematic and content analysis of data revealed that eduprenerers' major intentions included: to
introduce innovative ways to impart education, to increase quality of education, to establish their strength by
accepting this business as a challenge, to earn money, to be economically independent and to serve the society
by playing their part. Majority of the teachers and parents reported earning money as the major focus of the
school administration in contrast with the mission statements of schools which spoke of innovation and quality
44
education as the first priority. Parents perceived high fee structure and load of foreign text books as the major
indicator of quality of education. The findings indicated discrepancies between the passion and practices of
edupreneures. Findings also highlighted general perception of the society where schools with high fee
structures are reputed as status symbol in society and are equalized with quality education. Research findings
may be implied by adding the element of accountability to check balance between the intentions and practices
of edupreneurers. Future research might investigate the intentions and practices for quality education by using
mixed method research design applied to larger sample.
Paper ID: 77
DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND ITS ROLE ON
PAKISTANI MANUFACTURING SMES PERFORMANCE
Noor Ul Hadi *, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University Islamabad
Since, the performance of Pakistani manufacturing SMEs is still in state of crisis. Therefore, it is very important at
this point of time to explore and propose an innovative research model that could propel Pakistani
manufacturing SMEs from this exigency. In so doing, literature pertaining to Trait theory and Resource-based
theory was reviewed. Upon these backdrops, this study theorized the effect of Entrepreneurial personal
characteristics to firm performance through Entrepreneurial Orientation. Findings from reviewed articles
revealed that Entrepreneurial traits influence Entrepreneurial behavior, meaning Entrepreneurial traits lead
entrepreneurs to do things in line with his/her traits. This entrepreneurial behavior positively affects firm
performance. As, firm specific resource improves firm performance. Integrative model developed in this study
contributes to the body of knowledge on manufacturing SMEs. To end with, limitations, implications, and future
research directions are discussed.
Paper ID: 174

INNOVATION IN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS ENTERPRISES: A DESCRIPTIVE
EXPLORATION FROM SIALKOT CLUSTER
Syed Kashif shamsi*, University of gujrat
Abstract Innovation is one of the most important factors in surgical industry Sialkot cluster. It is a descriptive study
of surgical instruments explored innovation in the surgical instrument enterprises in Sialkot cluster through
innovation community survey of the OECD countries. This study explains the product and processes innovation
in Sialkot surgical cluster. There are 1068 surgical firms in Sialkot cluster so it is not easy to study all these firms,
for this purpose sampling has been used to get data. Sample size is 63 which are calculated by formula. In this
study independent variable R&D expenditure and flexibility and dependent variable is innovation. The
descriptive results get through crosstab and for statistical result Logistic regression has been used. Conclusion of
this study is, firms who spend expenditures and flexible to adopt innovation are more innovative. Key words:
product and process innovation, research and development expenditure, flexibility of employees.
Paper ID: 236

ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP NARRATIVES ON MEDIA, CULTURAL SUPPORT
FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND SUCCESS STATUS CONSCIOUSNESS IN
ENTREPRENEURIAL PARTICIPATION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA AND PAKISTAN
Muhammad Anwar ul Haq*, University of Gujrat; Shaista Khalid, University of Sargodha;
The purpose of this research is to find out how media narratives, social support, and status consciousness play
role in entrepreneurial participation. By taking the global aggregates as standard, we compare China and
Pakistan. Data were collected from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Database. The results showed that all
hypothesized effects on entrepreneurial participation hold positive. In both China and Pakistan, we found results
contrary to our theory. Implications of findings have been given in the light of earlier empirical findings and
different theoretical frameworks. We recommend future researchers to adopt longitudinal designs and varied
measurements.
45
ICMC-2018
Paper ID: 239
CO-FOUNDERS ON-DEMAND PROGRAM IN UNIVERSITIES
Naeem Shahid*, Nanikson Innovation ; Ayesha Saeed, Public Administration GC University Faisalabad
Unemployment is the biggest problem countries have to face all the time. Unemployment brings many other
social and economic problems in the life of masses and collectively it effects the whole country. Poverty and
crimes are two biggest issues which directly connected with unemployment. Countries now battling with this
black monster of unemployment with entrepreneurship. The lack of entrepreneurship in Pakistan is that
sometimes people have idea of a start-up but they don't have the required expertise or technical knowledge
about the field of their business ideas. As a result, a potential business idea die before shinning on the sky. In this
paper we have proposed an idea that universities should launch “Co-Founders On-Demand Program” in every
university. Where people from different walk of life who have business ideas but they really don't have the
required expertise or technical knowledge to start-up their ventures, can find their required expertise from
relevant field of their business idea, as a co-founder or as a mentor to start-up joint business venture. This will be a
win win situation for both the parties the idea provider and potential co-founder (the student). In the end we have
discussed that, this idea will promote entrepreneurship and many entrepreneurs will be born to kill the
unemployment monster.
46
Affiliated Journal
NICE Research Journal
Journal of Islamic Business and Management
Pakistan Journal of Social Issues
Business and Management Perspective
I
I MC
C 2018
Ideas Inspirations Innovations
ICMC 2018
Faculty of Management and Administrative Sciences
Al-Farabi Block, Office 203, University of Gujrat, HH Campus, Pakistan
Ph: 053 3643 331, Ext: 166
Email: icmc@uog.edu.pk, secretary.icmc@uog.edu.pk
Facebook page: icmcuog

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I

Ideas Inspirations Innovations

Prof. Dr. Abdul Raheman

Dr. Ghulam Ali Bhatti

Dr. Ashfaq Ahmed Mirza

Dr. Muhammad Usman

Dr. Muhammad Anwar ul Haq

Javed, Wuhan University of Technology

Imran Hameed, Air University

89. Determinants of Entrepreneurial Orientation and its Role on Pakistani Manufacturing

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