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Where,
= the buckling load of the column based on nominal stiffness and the effective length
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Overview of Second Order Effects (Columns: EC2) Page 2 of 2
NB
= S2 EI/l02
When a point of zero shear occurs inside the midfifth or does not exist in the member length,
the value of M2 is added algebraically to the firstorder moments at the ends but only if this
increases the firstorder moment. At the midfifth position M2 is always ‘added’ in such a way as
to increase the firstorder midfifth moment.
When a point of zero shear occurs within the member length and is outside the midfifth, the
secondorder moments is taken as the greater of that calculated as above and that calculated as
per Clause 5.8.7.3 (4) by multiplying all firstorder moments by the amplifier,
1/(1 – NEd/NB)
For bracing columns the secondorder moments are calculated in the same way as braced columns
except that in the determination of the amplifier, the buckling load is based on bracing effective
lengths. These are greater than 1.0L and hence produce more severe amplifiers.
Secondorder analysis
When secondorder analysis is selected then both braced and bracing columns are treated the
same as if firstorder analysis were selected. If the secondorder analysis is either the amplified
forces method or the rigorous method then this approach will double count some of the global
P' effects in columns that are determined as having significant lateral loads. Also, when it is a
rigorous secondorder analysis there is some double counting of member PG effects in both
braced and bracing columns.
Parent topic
• Column Design to EC2
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