APPENDIX C

Mathematical Formulas
MATHEMATICAL CONSTANTS
π 5 3.14159 Á e 5 2.71828 Á 2π radians 5 360 degrees
180
1 radian 5 degrees 5 57.2958°
π
π
1 degree 5 radians 5 0.0174533 rad
180
π
Conversions: Multiply degrees by to obtain radians
180
180
Multiply radians by to obtain degrees
π

EXPONENTS
Am 1
AnAm 5 An 1 m 5 Am 2 n (Am)n 5 Amn A2m 5
An Am

a b 5 n Am/n 5 2Am
A n An n
(AB)n 5 AnBn A0 5 1 (A Z 0)
B B

LOGARITHMS
log K common logarithm (logarithm to the base 10)

10x 5 y log y 5 x

ln K natural logarithm (logarithm to the base e) ex 5 y ln y 5 x

eln A 5 A 10log A 5 A ln eA 5 A log 10A 5 A

A 1
log AB 5 log A 1 log B log 5 log A 2 log B log 5 2log A
B A
log An 5 n log A log 1 5 ln 1 5 0 log 10 5 1 ln e 5 1

ln A 5 (ln 10)(log A) 5 2.30259 log A

log A 5 (log e)(ln A) 5 0.434294 ln A

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
1026 Appendix C Mathematical Formulas

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
sin x cos x 1 1
tan x 5 cot x 5 sec x 5 csc x 5
cos x sin x cos x sin x

sin2 x 1 cos2 x 5 1 tan2 x 1 1 5 sec2 x cot2 x 1 1 5 csc2 x

sin (2x) 5 2sin x cos (2x) 5 cos x tan (2x) 5 2tan x

sin (x 6 y) 5 sin x cos y 6 cos x sin y

cos (x 6 y) 5 cos x cos y 7 sin x sin y

sin 2x 5 2 sin x cos x cos 2x 5 cos2 x 2 sin2 x

2 tan x
tan 2x 5
1 2 tan2 x

1 2 cos 2x sin 2x
tan x 5 5
sin 2x 1 1 cos 2x

1 1
sin2 x 5 (1 2 cos 2x) cos2 x 5 (1 1 cos 2x)
2 2

For any triangle with sides a, b, c and opposite angles A, B, C:

a b c b
Law of sines: 5 5 a C
sin A sin B sin C
B A
Law of cosines: c2 5 a2 1 b2 2 2ab cos C c

QUADRATIC EQUATION AND QUADRATIC FORMULA

2b6 3b2 2 4ac
ax2 1 bx 1 c 5 0 x 5
2a

INFINITE SERIES
1
5 1 2 x 1 x2 2 x3 1 Á (21 6 x 6 1)
1 1 x

11 1 x 5 1 1
x x2 x3
2 1 2 Á (21 6 x 6 1)
2 8 16

11 1 x
1 x 3x2 5x3
5 1 2 1 2 1 Á (21 6 x 6 1)
2 8 16

x2 x3
ex 5 1 1 x 1 1 1 Á (2q 6 x 6 q)
2! 3!

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Appendix C Mathematical Formulas 1027

x3 x5 x7
sin x 5 x 2 1 2 1 Á (2q 6 x 6 q)
3! 5! 7!

x2 x4 x6
cos x 5 1 2 1 2 1 Á (2q 6 x 6 q)
2! 4! 6!
Note: If x is very small compared to 1, only the first few terms in the series
are needed.

DERIVATIVES
d d n d du
(ax) 5 a (x ) 5 nxn 2 1 (au) 5 a
dx dx dx dx

a b 5
d dv du d u v(du/dx) 2 u(dv/dx)
(uv) 5 u 1 v
dx dx dx dx v

d n du dy dy du du 1
(u ) 5 nun 2 1 5 5
dx dx dx du dx dx dx/du

d du d du
(sin u) 5 cos u (cos u) 5 2sin u
dx dx dx dx

d du d du
(tan u) 5 sec2 u (cot u) 5 2csc2 u
dx dx dx dx

d du d du
(sec u) 5 sec u tan u (csc u) 5 2csc u cot u
dx dx dx dx

d 1 du d log e du d 1 du
(arctan u) 5 (log u) 5 (ln u) 5
dx 2
1 1 u dx dx u dx dx u dx

d u du d u du
(a ) 5 au ln a (e ) 5 eu
dx dx dx dx

INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
Note: A constant must be added to the result of every integration.

L L L
a dx 5 ax u dv 5 uv 2 v du (integration by parts)

xn 1 1
L L x
dx
xn dx 5 (n Z 21) 5 ln |x| (x Z 0)
n 1 1

x1 2 n (a 1 bx)n 1 1
Lx L
dx
n
5 (n Z 1) (a 1 bx)n dx 5 (n Z 21)
1 2 n b(n 1 1)

L L
dx 1 dx 1
5 ln (a 1 bx) 2
5
a 1 bx b (a 1 bx) b(a 1 bx)

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
1028 Appendix C Mathematical Formulas

L (a 1 bx)
dx 1
n
5 2 (n Z 1)
(n 2 1)(b)(a 1 bx)n 2 1

L
dx 1 bx
2 1 b2x2
5 tan21 (x in radians) (a 7 0, b 7 0)
a ab a

ln a b
L
dx 1 a 1 bx
2 2 b2x2
5 (x in radians) (a 7 0, b 7 0)
a 2ab a 2 bx

L
x dx 1
5 2 [bx 2 a ln (a 1 bx)]
a 1 bx b

5 2c 1 ln (a 1 bx) d
L
x dx 1 a
(a 1 bx) 2 b a 1 bx

L L
x dx a 1 2bx x dx a 1 3bx
3
5 2 2 5 2 2
(a 1 bx) 2b (a 1 bx)2 (a 1 bx)4 6b (a 1 bx)3

x2 dx
L
1
5 3 [(a 1 bx)(23a 1 bx) 1 2a2 ln (a 1 bx)]
a 1 bx 2b

5 3c 2 2a ln (a 1 bx) d
x2 dx
L (a 1 bx)
1 bx(2a 1 bx)
2 b a 1 bx

5 3c 1 ln (a 1 bx) d
x2 dx
L (a 1 bx)
1 a(3a 1 4bx)
3 b 2(a 1 bx)2

x2 dx a2 1 3abx 1 3b2x2
L (a 1 bx)
4
5 2
3b3(a 1 bx)3

L L
cos ax sin ax
sin ax dx 5 2 cos ax dx 5
a a

L L
1 1
tan ax dx 5 ln (sec ax) cot ax dx 5 ln (sin ax)
a a

L
1
sec ax dx 5 ln (sec ax 1 tan ax)
a

L
1
csc ax dx 5 ln (csc ax 2 cot ax)
a

L
x sin 2ax
sin2 ax dx 5 2
2 4a

L
x sin 2ax
cos2 ax dx 5 1 (x in radians)
2 4a

L
sin ax x cos ax
x sin ax dx 5 2 (x in radians)
a2 a

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Appendix C Mathematical Formulas 1029

L
cos ax x sin ax
x cos ax dx 5 1 (x in radians)
a2 a

e ax e ax
L L
e ax dx 5 xe ax dx 5 (ax 2 1)
a a2

L
ln ax dx 5 x(ln ax 2 1)

5 2 tan a 2 b
L
dx 1 π ax
1 1 sin ax a 4 2

1a 1 bx dx 5
L
2
(a 1 bx)3/2
3b

2a2 1 b2x2 dx 5 2a2 1 b2x2 1 ln £ 1 1 2 ≥

C
a2 b2x2
L
x bx
1
2 2b a a

ln £ 1 1 2 ≥
C
b2x2
L 2a2 1 b2x2
dx 1 bx
5 1
b a a

2a2 2 b2x2 dx 5 2a2 2 b2x2 1

a2
L
x bx
sin21
2 2b a

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
b a b c b

La Lb La La Lc
f (x) dx 5 2 f(x) dx f (x) dx 5 f (x) dx 1 f (x) dx

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 APPENDIX D

Properties of Plane Areas

Notation: A 5 area
x, y 5 distances to centroid C
Ix, Iy 5 moments of inertia with respect to the x and y axes,
respectively
Ixy 5 product of inertia with respect to the x and y axes
IP 5 Ix 1 Iy 5 polar moment of inertia with respect to the
origin of the x and y axes
IBB 5 moment of inertia with respect to axis B–B

1 y Rectangle (Origin of axes at centroid)

x b h
A 5 bh x 5 y 5
h x 2 2
C y
bh3 hb3 bh 2
b Ix 5 Iy 5 Ixy 5 0 IP 5 (h 1 b2)
12 12 12

2 y B Rectangle (Origin of axes at corner)

bh3 hb3 b2h2 bh 2

Ix 5 Iy 5 Ixy 5 IP (h 1 b2)
h 3 3 4 3
O x b3h3
B b IBB 5
6(b2 1 h2)

3 y Triangle (Origin of axes at centroid)

c
bh b 1 c h
x A 5 x 5 y 5
h 2 3 3
C y x
bh3 bh 2
b Ix 5 Iy 5 (b 2 bc 1 c2)
36 36

bh2 bh 2
Ixy 5 (b 2 2c) IP 5 (h 1 b2 2 bc 1 c2)
72 36

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
1032 Appendix D Properties of Plane Areas

4 y Triangle (Origin of axes at vertex)

c
B B
bh3 bh
Ix 5 Iy 5 (3b2 2 3bc 1 c2)
h 12 12

O x bh2 bh3
b Ixy 5 (3b 2 2c) IBB 5
24 4

5 y Isosceles triangle (Origin of axes at centroid)

bh b h
x A 5 x 5 y 5
h 2 2 3
C x
y
B B bh3 hb3
Ix 5 Iy 5 Ixy 5 0
b 36 48

bh bh3
IP 5 (4h2 1 3b2) IBB 5

(Note: For an equilateral triangle, h 5 13 b/2.)

144 12

6 y Right triangle (Origin of axes at centroid)

x bh b h
h A 5 x 5 y 5
2 3 3
C y x
B B bh3 hb3 b2h2
b Ix 5 Iy 5 Ixy 5 2
36 36 72

bh 2 bh3
IP 5 (h 1 b2) IBB 5
36 12

7 y Right triangle (Origin of axes at vertex)

B B
bh3 hb3 b2h2
Ix 5 Iy 5 Ixy 5
h 12 12 24

bh 2 bh3
O x IP 5 (h 1 b2) IBB 5
b 12 4

8 y Trapezoid (Origin of axes at centroid)

a
h(a 1 b) h(2a 1 b)
A 5 y 5
h 2 3(a 1 b)
C x
y
B B h3(a2 1 4ab 1 b2) h3(3a 1 b)
b Ix 5 IBB 5
36(a 1 b) 12

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Appendix D Properties of Plane Areas 1033

9 y Circle (Origin of axes at center)

d = 2r

πd 2 πr 4 πd 4
r A 5 πr 2 5 Ix 5 Iy 5 5
x 4 4 64
C
B B πr 4 πd 4 5πr 4 5πd 4
Ixy 5 0 IP 5 5 IBB 5 5
2 32 4 64

10 y Semicircle (Origin of axes at centroid)

πr 2 4r
r C A 5 y 5
x 2 3π
y
B B
(9π 2 2 64)r 4 π r4 π r4
Ix 5 L 0.1098r 4 Iy 5 Ixy 5 0 IBB 5
72π 8 8

11 y Quarter circle (Origin of axes at center of circle)

π r2 4r
x A 5 x 5 y 5
4 3π
B B
C y
x πr 4 r4 (9π 2 2 64)r 4
O Ix 5 Iy 5 Ixy 5 IBB 5 L 0.05488r 4
r 16 8 144π

12 y Quarter-circular spandrel (Origin of axes at point of tangency)

B r B
A 5 11 2 2r x 5
π 2 2r (10 2 3π)r
x L 0.7766r y 5 L 0.2234r
4 3(4 2 π) 3(4 2 π)
C y
Ix 5 a 1 2 b r L 0.01825r4 Iy 5 IBB 5 a b r L 0.1370r4
O x 5π 4 1 π 4
2
16 3 16

13 y Circular sector (Origin of axes at center of circle)

x x
α 5 angle in radians (α … π/2)

C 2r sin α
a a A 5 αr2 x 5 r sin α y 5
3α
y r
O x r4 r4
Ix 5 (α 1 sin α cos α) Iy 5 (α 2 sin α cos α)
4 4

αr 4
Ixy 5 0 IP 5
2

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
1034 Appendix D Properties of Plane Areas

14 y Circular segment (Origin of axes at center of circle)

C α 5 angle in radians (α … π/2)

y
a b
a a 2r sin3 α
r A 5 r2(α 2 sin α cos α) y 5
3 α 2 sin α cos α
O x
r4
Ix 5 (α 2 sin α cos α 1 2 sin3 α cos α) Ixy 5 0
4

r4
Iy 5 (3α 2 3 sin α cos α 2 2 sin3 α cos α)
12

15 y Circle with core removed (Origin of axes at center of circle)

a
α 5 angle in radians (α … π/2)

b 5 2r2 2 a2
r b
a
A 5 2r2 a α 2 b
a ab
C x α 5 arccos r
a r2
b
2ab3 2ab3
a3α 2 b aα 2 2 1 4 b
r4 3ab r4 ab
Ix 5 2 Iy 5 Ixy 5 0
6 r2 r4 2 r r
2a

16 y Ellipse (Origin of axes at centroid)

πab3 πba3
b A 5 πab Ix 5 Iy 5
C x 4 4
b
πab 2
a a Ixy 5 0 IP 5 (b 1 a2)
4

Circumference L π [1.5(a 1 b) 2 1ab ] (a/3 … b … a)

L 4.17b2/a 1 4a (0 … b … a/3)

17 y Parabolic semisegment (Origin of axes at corner)

Vertex
y = f (x)
y 5 f(x) 5 h a1 2 b
x2
x
h b2
C y
x 2bh 3b 2h
O b A 5 x 5 y 5
3 8 5

16bh3 2hb3 b2h2

Ix 5 Iy 5 Ixy 5
105 15 12

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Appendix D Properties of Plane Areas 1035

18 y Parabolic spandrel (Origin of axes at vertex)

y = f (x)
x hx2
h y 5 f(x) 5
Vertex b2
C y
O x bh 3b 3h
b A 5 x 5 y 5
3 4 10

bh3 hb3 b2h2

Ix 5 Iy 5 Ixy 5
21 5 12

19 y Semisegment of nth degree (Origin of axes at corner)

y = f (x)

y 5 f(x) 5 h a1 2 b
x xn
(n 7 0)
h
C bn
y

2
O x n b(n 1 1) hn
b A 5 bh1 x 5 y 5
n 1 1 2(n 1 2) 2n 1 1

2bh3n3 hb3n
Ix 5 Iy 5
(n 1 1)(2n 1 1)(3n 1 1) 3(n 1 3)

b2h2n2
Ixy 5
4(n 1 1)(n 1 2)

20 y Spandrel of nth degree (Origin of axes at point of tangency)

y = f (x)
hxn
x y 5 f(x) 5 (n 7 0)
h bn
C y
O x A 5 bh b(n 1 1) h(n 1 1)
x 5 y 5
b n 1 1 n 1 2 2(2n 1 1)

bh3 hb3 b2h2

Ix 5 Iy 5 Ixy 5
3(3n 1 1) n 1 3 4(n 1 1)

21 y Sine wave (Origin of axes at centroid)

4bh πh
h A 5 y 5
C y x π 8
B B
b b
Ix 5 a b bh3 L 0.08659bh3 Iy 5 a π 2 3 b hb3 L 0.2412hb3
8 π 4 32
2
9π 16 π

8bh3
Ixy 5 0 IBB 5
9π

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
1036 Appendix D Properties of Plane Areas

22 y Thin circular ring (Origin of axes at center) Approximate formulas for case
d = 2r
when t is small

r πd 3t
C x A 5 2πrt 5 πdt Ix 5 Iy 5 πr 3t 5
8
t πd 3t
Ixy 5 0 IP 5 2πr 3t 5
4

23 y Thin circular arc (Origin of axes at center of circle) Approximate formulas for
t case when t is small
B B
C β 5 angle in radians (Note: For a semicircular arc, β 5 π/2.)
b b y
r r sin β
A 5 2βrt y 5
O x β

Ix 5 r3t(β 1 sin β cos β) Iy 5 r3t(β 2 sin β cos β)

IBB 5 r3t a b
2β 1 sin 2β 1 2 cos 2β
Ixy 5 0 2
2 β

24 y Thin rectangle (Origin of axes at centroid) Approximate formulas for case when
t is small

b A 5 bt
b
C
x
tb3 tb3 tb3
t Ix 5 sin2 β Iy 5 cos2 β IBB 5 sin2 β
12 12 3
B B

25 A Regular polygon with n sides (Origin of axes at centroid)

b B
R2 C 5 centroid (at center of polygon)
R1
b
n 5 number of sides (n Ú 3) b 5 length of a side
C
β 5 central angle for a side α 5 interior angle (or vertex angle)
a

α 5 a b 180°
360° n 2 2
β 5 α 1 β 5 180°
n n

R1 5 radius of circumscribed circle (line CA)

R2 5 radius of inscribed circle (line CB)

b β b β nb2 β
R1 5 csc R2 5 cot A 5 cot
2 2 2 2 4 2
Ic 5 moment of inertia about any axis through C (The centroid C is a principal
point and every axis through C is a principal axis.)

a cot b a 3 cot2 1 1 b
nb4 β β
Ic 5 IP 5 2Ic
192 2 2

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 APPENDIX E

Properties of Structural-Steel
Shapes
In the following tables, the properties of a few structural-steel shapes are
presented as an aid to the reader in solving problems in the text. These
tables were compiled from the extensive tables of properties for steel
shapes commonly used in Europe (Ref. 5-4).
Notation:
I 5 moment of inertia

r 5 1I/A 5 radius of gyration

S 5 section modulus

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
1038 Appendix E Properties of Structural-Steel Shapes

1 1

TABLE E-1
Properties of European Wide-Flange Beams

Mass Area Depth Width

per of of of
Designation meter section section section Thickness Strong axis 1-1 Weak axis 2-2

G A h b tw tf I1 S1 r1 I2 S2 r2

kg/m cm2 mm mm mm mm cm4 cm3 cm cm4 cm3 cm

HE 1000 B 314 400 1000 300 19 36 644700 12890 40.15 16280 1085 6.38
HE 900 B 291 371.3 900 300 18.5 35 494100 10980 36.48 15820 1054 6.53
HE 700 B 241 306.4 700 300 17 32 256900 7340 28.96 14440 962.7 6.87
HE 650 B 225 286.3 650 300 16 31 210600 6480 27.12 13980 932.3 6.99
HE 600 B 212 270 600 300 15.5 30 171000 5701 25.17 13530 902 7.08

HE 550 B 199 254.1 550 300 15 29 136700 4971 23.2 13080 871.8 7.17
HE 600 A 178 226.5 590 300 13 25 141200 4787 24.97 11270 751.4 7.05
HE 450 B 171 218 450 300 14 26 79890 3551 19.14 11720 781.4 7.33
HE 550 A 166 211.8 540 300 12.5 24 111900 4146 22.99 10820 721.3 7.15
HE 360 B 142 180.6 360 300 12.5 22.5 43190 2400 15.46 10140 676.1 7.49
HE 450 A 140 178 440 300 11.5 21 63720 2896 18.92 9465 631 7.29

HE 340 B 134 170.9 340 300 12 21.5 36660 2156 14.65 9690 646 7.53
HE 320 B 127 161.3 320 300 11.5 20.5 30820 1926 13.82 9239 615.9 7.57
HE 360 A 112 142.8 350 300 10 17.5 33090 1891 15.22 7887 525.8 7.43
HE 340 A 105 133.5 330 300 9.5 16.5 27690 1678 14.4 7436 495.7 7.46

HE 320 A 97.6 124.4 310 300 9 15.5 22930 1479 13.58 6985 465.7 7.49
HE 260 B 93 118.4 260 260 10 17.5 14920 1148 11.22 5135 395 6.58
HE 240 B 83.2 106 240 240 10 17 11260 938.3 10.31 3923 326.9 6.08
HE 280 A 76.4 97.26 270 280 8 13 13670 1013 11.86 4763 340.2 7
HE 220 B 71.5 91.04 220 220 9.5 16 8091 735.5 9.43 2843 258.5 5.59
HE 260 A 68.2 86.82 250 260 7.5 12.5 10450 836.4 10.97 3668 282.1 6.5
HE 240 A 60.3 76.84 230 240 7.5 12 7763 675.1 10.05 2769 230.7 6

HE 180 B 51.2 65.25 180 180 8.5 14 3831 425.7 7.66 1363 151.4 4.57
HE 160 B 42.6 54.25 160 160 8 13 2492 311.5 6.78 889.2 111.2 4.05
HE 140 B 33.7 42.96 140 140 7 12 1509 215.6 5.93 549.7 78.52 3.58
HE 120 B 26.7 34.01 120 120 6.5 11 864.4 144.1 5.04 317.5 52.92 3.06
HE 140 A 24.7 31.42 133 140 5.5 8.5 1033 155.4 5.73 389.3 55.62 3.52

HE 100 B 20.4 26.04 100 100 6 10 449.5 89.91 4.16 167.3 33.45 2.53
HE 100 A 16.7 21.24 96 100 5 8 349.2 72.76 4.06 133.8 26.76 2.51

Note: Axes 1-1 and 2-2 are principal centroidal axes.

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Appendix E Properties of Structural-Steel Shapes 1039

1 1

TABLE E-2
Properties of European Standard Beams

Mass Area Depth Width

per of of of
Designation meter section section section Thickness Strong axis 1-1 Weak axis 2-2

G A h b tw tf I1 S1 r1 I2 S2 r2

kg/m cm2 mm mm mm mm cm4 cm3 cm cm4 cm3 cm

IPN 550 166 212 550 200 19 30 99180 3610 21.6 3490 349 4.02
IPN 500 141 179 500 185 18 27 68740 2750 19.6 2480 268 3.72

IPN 450 115 147 450 170 16.2 24.3 45850 2040 17.7 1730 203 3.43
IPN 400 92.4 118 400 155 14.4 21.6 29210 1460 15.7 1160 149 3.13

IPN 380 84 107 380 149 13.7 20.5 24010 1260 15 975 131 3.02
IPN 360 76.1 97 360 143 13 19.5 19610 1090 14.2 818 114 2.9
IPN 340 68 86.7 340 137 12.2 18.3 15700 923 13.5 674 98.4 2.8
IPN 320 61 77.7 320 131 11.5 17.3 12510 782 12.7 555 84.7 2.67
IPN 300 54.2 69 300 125 10.8 16.2 9800 653 11.9 451 72.2 2.56

IPN 280 47.9 61 280 119 10.1 15.2 7590 542 11.1 364 61.2 2.45
IPN 260 41.9 53.3 260 113 9.4 14.1 5740 442 10.4 288 51 2.32
IPN 240 36.2 46.1 240 106 8.7 13.1 4250 354 9.59 221 41.7 2.2
IPN 220 31.1 39.5 220 98 8.1 12.2 3060 278 8.8 162 33.1 2.02
IPN 200 26.2 33.4 200 90 7.5 11.3 2140 214 8 117 26 1.87

IPN 180 21.9 27.9 180 82 6.9 10.4 1450 161 7.2 81.3 19.8 1.71
IPN 160 17.9 22.8 160 74 6.3 9.5 935 117 6.4 54.7 14.8 1.55
IPN 140 14.3 18.3 140 66 5.7 8.6 573 81.9 5.61 35.2 10.7 1.4
IPN 120 11.1 14.2 120 58 5.1 7.7 328 54.7 4.81 21.5 7.41 1.23
IPN 100 8.34 10.6 100 50 4.5 6.8 171 34.2 4.01 12.2 4.88 1.07

IPN 80 5.94 7.58 80 42 3.9 5.9 77.8 19.5 3.2 6.29 3 0.91

Note: Axes 1-1 and 2-2 are principal centroidal axes.

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
1040 Appendix E Properties of Structural-Steel Shapes

2
c

1 1

TABLE E-3
Properties of European Standard Channels

Mass Area Depth Width

per of of of
Designation meter section section section Thickness Strong axis 1-1 Weak axis 2-2

G A h b tw tf I1 S1 r1 I2 S2 r2 c

kg/m cm2 mm mm mm mm cm4 cm3 cm cm4 cm3 cm cm

UPN 400 71.8 91.5 400 110 14 18 20350 1020 14.9 846 102 3.04 2.65

UPN 380 63.1 80.4 380 102 13.5 16 15760 829 14 615 78.7 2.77 2.38
UPN 350 60.6 77.3 350 100 14 16 12840 734 12.9 570 75 2.72 2.4
UPN 320 59.5 75.8 320 100 14 17.5 10870 679 12.1 597 80.6 2.81 2.6
UPN 300 46.2 58.8 300 100 10 16 8030 535 11.7 495 67.8 2.9 2.7

UPN 280 41.8 53.3 280 95 10 15 6280 448 10.9 399 57.2 2.74 2.53
UPN 260 37.9 48.3 260 90 10 14 4820 371 9.99 317 47.7 2.56 2.36
UPN 240 33.2 42.3 240 85 9.5 13 3600 300 9.22 248 39.6 2.42 2.23
UPN 220 29.4 37.4 220 80 9 12.5 2690 245 8.48 197 33.6 2.3 2.14
UPN 200 25.3 32.2 200 75 8.5 11.5 1910 191 7.7 148 27 2.14 2.01

UPN 180 22 28 180 70 8 11 1350 150 6.95 114 22.4 2.02 1.92
UPN 160 18.8 24 160 65 7.5 10.5 925 116 6.21 85.3 18.3 1.89 1.84
UPN 140 16 20.4 140 60 7 10 605 86.4 5.45 62.7 14.8 1.75 1.75
UPN 120 13.4 17 120 55 7 9 364 60.7 4.62 43.2 11.1 1.59 1.6
UPN 100 10.6 13.5 100 50 6 8.5 206 41.2 3.91 29.3 8.49 1.47 1.55

UPN 80 8.64 11 80 45 6 8 106 26.5 3.1 19.4 6.36 1.33 1.45

Notes: 1. Axes 1-1 and 2-2 are principal centroidal axes.

2. The distance c is measured from the centroid to the back of the web.
3. For axis 2-2, the tabulated value of S is the smaller of the two section moduli for this axis.

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Appendix E Properties of Structural-Steel Shapes 1041

2
c
3 4

1 1
c

a
4 3
2

Table E-4
Properties of European Equal Angles

Mass Area
per of
Designation Thickness meter section Axis 1-1 and Axis 2-2 Axis 3-3

G A I S r c Imin rmin

mm kg/m cm2 cm4 cm3 cm cm cm4 cm

L 200 3 200 3 26 26 76.6 97.59 3560 252.7 6.04 5.91 1476 3.89
L 200 3 200 3 22 22 65.6 83.51 3094 217.3 6.09 5.76 1273 3.9
L 200 3 200 3 19 19 57.1 72.74 2726 189.9 6.12 5.64 1117 3.92
L 180 3 180 3 20 20 53.7 68.35 2043 159.4 5.47 5.18 841.3 3.51

L 180 3 180 3 19 19 51.1 65.14 1955 152.1 5.48 5.14 803.8 3.51
L 200 3 200 3 16 16 48.5 61.79 2341 161.7 6.16 5.52 957.1 3.94
L 180 3 180 3 17 17 46 58.66 1775 137.2 5.5 5.06 727.8 3.52
L 180 3 180 3 15 15 40.9 52.1 1589 122 5.52 4.98 650.5 3.53

L 160 3 160 3 17 17 40.7 51.82 1225 107.2 4.86 4.57 504.1 3.12
L 160 3 160 3 15 15 36.2 46.06 1099 95.47 4.88 4.49 450.8 3.13
L 180 3 180 3 13 13 35.7 45.46 1396 106.5 5.54 4.9 571.6 3.55
L 150 3 150 3 15 15 33.8 43.02 898.1 83.52 4.57 4.25 368.9 2.93

L 150 3 150 3 14 14 31.6 40.31 845.4 78.33 4.58 4.21 346.8 2.93
L 150 3 150 3 12 12 27.3 34.83 736.9 67.75 4.6 4.12 302 2.94
L 120 3 120 3 15 15 26.6 33.93 444.9 52.43 3.62 3.51 184.1 2.33
L 120 3 120 3 13 13 23.3 29.69 394 46.01 3.64 3.44 162.2 2.34

L 150 3 150 3 10 10 23 29.27 624 56.91 4.62 4.03 256 2.96

L 140 3 140 3 10 10 21.4 27.24 504.4 49.43 4.3 3.79 206.8 2.76
L 120 3 120 3 11 11 19.9 25.37 340.6 39.41 3.66 3.36 139.7 2.35
L 100 3 100 3 12 12 17.8 22.71 206.7 29.12 3.02 2.9 85.42 1.94

L 110 3 110 3 10 10 16.6 21.18 238 29.99 3.35 3.06 97.72 2.15
L 100 3 100 3 10 10 15 19.15 176.7 24.62 3.04 2.82 72.64 1.95
L 90 3 90 3 9 9 12.2 15.52 115.8 17.93 2.73 2.54 47.63 1.75
L 90 3 90 3 8 8 10.9 13.89 104.4 16.05 2.74 2.5 42.87 1.76
L 90 3 90 3 7 7 9.6 12.24 92.5 14.13 2.75 2.45 38.02 1.76

Notes: 1. Axes 1-1 and 2-2 are centroidal axes parallel to the legs.
2. The distance c is measured from the centroid to the back of the legs.
3. For axes 1-1 and 2-2, the tabulated value of S is the smaller of the two section moduli for those axes.
4. Axes 3-3 and 4-4 are principal centroidal axes.
5. The moment of inertia for axis 3-3, which is the smaller of the two principal moments of inertia, can be found from the equation I33 5 Ar 2min.
6. The moment of inertia for axis 4-4, which is the larger of the two principal moments of inertia, can be found from the equation I44 1 I33 5 I11 1 I22.

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
1042 Appendix E Properties of Structural-Steel Shapes

2
c
3
4

1 1
d
4 a
3
2

Table E-5
Properties of European Unequal Angles

Mass Area
per of
Designation Thickness meter section Axis 1-1 Axis 2-2 Axis 3-3 Angle α

G A I S r d I S r c Imin rmin tan α

mm kg/m cm2 cm4 cm3 cm cm cm4 cm3 cm cm cm4 cm

L 200 3 100 3 14 14 31.6 40.28 1654 128.4 6.41 7.12 282.2 36.08 2.65 2.18 181.7 2.12 0.261
L 150 3 100 3 14 14 26.1 33.22 743.5 74.12 4.73 4.97 264.2 35.21 2.82 2.5 153 2.15 0.434
L 200 3 100 3 12 12 25.1 34.8 1440 111 6.43 7.03 247.2 31.28 2.67 2.1 158.5 2.13 0.263
L 200 3 100 3 10 10 23 29.24 1219 93.24 6.46 6.93 210.3 26.33 2.68 2.01 134.5 2.14 0.265

L 150 3 100 3 12 12 22.6 28.74 649.6 64.23 4.75 4.89 231.9 30.58 2.84 2.42 133.5 2.16 0.436
L 160 3 80 3 12 12 21.6 27.54 719.5 69.98 5.11 5.72 122 19.59 2.1 1.77 78.77 1.69 0.260
L 150 3 90 3 11 11 19.9 25.34 580.7 58.3 4.79 5.04 158.7 22.91 2.5 2.08 95.71 1.94 0.360
L 150 3 100 3 10 10 19 24.18 551.7 54.08 4.78 4.8 197.8 25.8 2.86 2.34 113.5 2.17 0.439

L 150 3 90 3 10 10 18.2 23.15 533.1 53.29 4.8 5 146.1 20.98 2.51 2.04 87.93 1.95 0.361
L 160 3 80 3 10 10 18.2 23.18 611.3 58.94 5.14 5.63 104.4 16.55 2.12 1.69 67.01 1.7 0.262
L 120 3 80 3 12 12 17.8 22.69 322.8 40.37 3.77 4 114.3 19.14 2.24 2.03 66.46 1.71 0.432
L 120 3 80 3 10 10 15 19.13 275.5 34.1 3.8 3.92 98.11 16.21 2.26 1.95 56.6 1.72 0.435

L 130 3 65 3 10 10 14.6 18.63 320.5 38.39 4.15 4.65 54.2 10.73 1.71 1.45 35.02 1.37 0.259
L 120 3 80 3 8 8 12.2 15.49 225.7 27.63 3.82 3.83 80.76 13.17 2.28 1.87 46.39 1.73 0.438
L 130 3 65 3 8 8 11.8 15.09 262.5 31.1 4.17 4.56 44.77 8.72 1.72 1.37 28.72 1.38 0.262

Notes: 1. Axes 1-1 and 2-2 are centroidal axes parallel to the legs.
2. The distance c is measured from the centroid to the back of the legs.
3. For axes 1-1 and 2-2, the tabulated value of S is the smaller of the two section moduli for those axes.
4. Axes 3-3 and 4-4 are principal centroidal axes.
5. The moment of inertia for axis 3-3, which is the smaller of the two principal moments of inertia, can be found from the equation I33 5 Ar 2min.
6. The moment of inertia for axis 4-4, which is the larger of the two principal moments of inertia, can be found from the equation I44 1 I33 5 I11 1 I22.

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 APPENDIX F

Properties of Structural 2

Timber
1 1 h

2
b

Properties of Sawn Solid Timber Sizes (for the most readily available stress graded European sizes, dry)

Axis 1–1 Axis 2–2

Weight per
Moment of Section Moment of Section linear
Nominal Net inertia modulus inertia modulus meter
dimensions dimensions Area bh 3 bh 2 hb 3 hb 2 (based on
I1 5 S1 5 I2 5 S2 5
b 3 h b 3 h A5b 3 h 12 6 12 6 560 kg/m3)
mm mm 103mm4 106mm4 106mm3 106mm4 106mm3 N

38 3 75 35 3 72 2.52 1.09 0.0302 0.257 0.0147 13.83

38 3 100 35 3 97 3.4 2.66 0.0549 0.347 0.0198 18.64
38 3 125 35 3 122 4.27 5.3 0.0868 0.436 0.0249 23.45

50 3 75 47 3 72 3.38 1.46 0.0406 0.623 0.0265 18.64

50 3 100 47 3 97 4.56 3.57 0.0737 0.839 0.0357 25.02
50 3 125 47 3 122 5.73 7.11 0.117 1.06 0.0449 31.49
50 3 150 47 3 147 6.91 12.4 0.169 1.27 0.0541 37.96
50 3 200 47 3 195 9.17 29 0.298 1.69 0.0718 50.33
50 3 250 47 3 245 11.5 57.6 0.47 2.12 0.0902 63.27

75 3 100 72 3 97 6.98 5.48 0.113 3.02 0.0838 38.36

75 3 150 72 3 147 10.6 19.1 0.259 4.57 0.127 58.17
75 3 200 72 3 147 14 44.5 0.456 6.07 0.168 77.11
75 3 250 75 3 245 17.6 88.2 0.72 7.62 0.212 96.92

100 3 100 97 3 97 9.41 7.38 0.152 7.38 0.152 51.7

100 3 150 97 3 147 14.3 25.7 0.349 11.2 0.231 78.38
100 3 200 97 3 195 18.9 59.9 0.615 14.8 0.306 103.89
100 3 250 97 3 295 23.8 119 0.97 18.6 0.384 130.57
100 3 300 97 3 295 28.6 208 1.41 22.4 0.463 157.16

150 3 150 147 3 195 21.6 38.9 0.529 38.9 0.529 118.7
150 3 200 147 3 195 28.7 90.8 0.932 51.6 0.702 157.45
150 3 300 147 3 295 43.4 314 2.13 78.1 1.06 238.19
200 3 200 195 3 195 38 120 1.24 120 1.24 208.85
200 3 300 195 3 295 57.5 417 2.83 182 1.87 315.98

300 3 300 295 3 295 87 631 4.28 631 4.28 478.04

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 APPENDIX G

Deflections and Slopes of Beams

Table G-1
Deflections and Slopes of Cantilever Beams

y v 5 deflection in the y direction (positive upward)

dB v 9 5 dv/dx 5 slope of the deflection curve
A B x δB 5 2v (L) 5 deflection at end B of the beam (positive downward)

uB θB 5 2v 9 (L) 5 angle of rotation at end B of the beam (positive clockwise)

L EI 5 constant

q qx 2 qx
1 v 5 2 (6L2 2 4Lx 1 x 2) v9 5 2 (3L2 2 3Lx 1 x 2)
24EI 6EI
qL4 qL3
δB 5 θB 5
8EI 6EI
q qx 2
2 v 5 2 (6a 2 2 4ax 1 x 2) (0 … x … a)
24EI
qx
a b v 9 5 2 (3a 2 2 3ax 1 x 2) (0 … x … a)
6EI
qa 3 qa 3
v 5 2 (4x 2 a) v9 5 2 (a … x … L)
24EI 6EI
qa4 qa 3
At x 5 a: v 5 2 v9 5 2
8EI 6EI
qa 3 qa 3
δB 5 (4L 2 a) θB 5
24EI 6EI

(Continued)

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
1046 Appendix G Deflections and Slopes of Beams

Table G-1 (Continued)

q qbx2
3 v 5 2 (3L 1 3a 2 2x) (0 … x … a)
12EI

a b qbx
v9 5 2 (L 1 a 2 x) (0 … x … a)
2EI
q
v 5 2 (x 4 2 4Lx 3 1 6L2x 2 2 4a 3x 1 a 4) (a … x … L)
24EI
q
v9 5 2 (x3 2 3Lx2 1 3L2x 2 a3) (a … x … L)
6EI
qa2b qabL
At x 5 a: v 5 2 (3L 1 a) v9 5 2
12EI 2EI
q q
δB 5 (3L4 2 4a3L 1 a4) θB 5 (L3 2 a3)
24EI 6EI

P Px 2 Px
4 v 5 2 (3L 2 x) v9 5 2 (2L 2 x)
6EI 2EI
PL3 PL2
δB 5 θB 5
3EI 2EI

P Px 2 Px
5 v 5 2 (3a 2 x) v9 5 2 (2a 2 x) (0 … x … a)
6EI 2EI
Pa2 Pa2
a b v 5 2 (3x 2 a) v9 5 2 (a … x … L)
6EI 2EI
Pa 3 Pa 2
At x 5 a: v 5 2 v9 5 2
3EI 2EI
Pa 2 Pa 2
δB 5 (3L 2 a) θB 5
6EI 2EI

M0x 2 M 0x
6 v 5 2 v9 5 2
2EI EI
M0
M0 L 2 M0L
δB 5 θB 5
2EI EI

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Appendix G Deflections and Slopes of Beams 1047

Table G-1 (Continued)

M0 M0 x 2 M0x
7 v 5 2 v9 5 2 (0 … x … a)
2EI EI
M 0a M0a
a b v 5 2 (2x 2 a) v9 5 2 (a … x … L)
2EI EI
M0a 2 M0a
At x 5 a: v 5 2 v9 5 2
2EI EI
M0a M0a
δB 5 (2L 2 a) θB 5
2EI EI

q0 q0x 2
8 v 5 2 (10L3 2 10L 2x 1 5Lx 2 2 x 3)
120LEI
q0x
v9 5 2 (4L3 2 6L2x 1 4Lx 2 2 x 3)
24LEI
q0L4 q0L3
δB 5 θB 5
30EI 24EI

q0 q0 x 2
9 v 5 2 (20L3 2 10L2x 1 x3)
120LEI
q0x
v9 5 2 (8L3 2 6L2x 1 x3)
24LEI
11q0L4 q0L3
δB 5 θB 5
120EI 8EI

q0 q = q0 cos px
— q 0L
148L3 cos 2 48L3 1 3π 3Lx 2 2 π 3x 32
2L πx
10 v 5 2
3π 4EI 2L
q 0L
12π 2Lx 2 π 2x 2 2 8L2 sin 2
πx
v9 5 2
π 3EI 2L
2q0L4 q0L3
δB 5 (π 3 2 24) θB 5 (π 2 2 8)
3π 4EI π 3EI

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
1048 Appendix G Deflections and Slopes of Beams

Table G-2
Deflections and Slopes of Simple Beams

y v 5 deflection in the y direction (positive upward)

uA uB v 9 5 dv/dx 5 slope of the deflection curve
A B
x δC 5 2v (L/2) 5 deflection at midpoint C of the beam (positive downward)
x1 5 distance from support A to point of maximum deflection
L δ max 5 2v max 5 maximum deflection (positive downward)
θA 5 2v 9 (0) 5 angle of rotation at left-hand end of the beam (positive clockwise)
θB 5 v 9 (L) 5 angle of rotation at right-hand end of the beam
(positive counterclockwise)
EI 5 constant
q qx
1 v 5 2 (L3 2 2Lx 2 1 x 3)
24EI
q
v9 5 2 (L3 2 6Lx 2 1 4x 3)
24EI
5qL4 qL3
δC 5 δmax 5 θA 5 θB 5
384EI 24EI
q
qx
a0 … x … b
L
2 v 5 2 (9L3 2 24Lx 2 1 16x 3)
384EI 2
q
a0 … x … b
L
L L v9 5 2 (9L3 2 72Lx 2 1 64x 3)
— — 384EI 2
2 2
qL
a
L
v 5 2 (8x 3 2 24Lx 2 1 17L2x 2 L3) … x … Lb
384EI 2
qL
a
L
v9 5 2 (24x 2 2 48Lx 1 17L2) … x … Lb
384EI 2
5qL4 3qL3 7qL3
δC 5 θA 5 θB 5
768EI 128EI 384EI
q qx
3 v 5 2 (a4 2 4a3L 1 4a2L2 1 2a2x2 2 4aLx2 1 Lx3) (0 … x … a)
24LEI
q
v9 5 2 (a4 2 4a3L 1 4a2L2 1 6a2x2 2 12aLx2 1 4Lx3) (0 … x … a)
a 24LEI
qa 2
v 5 2 (2a 2L 1 4L2x 1 a 2x 2 6Lx 2 1 2x 3) (a … x … L)
24LEI
qa2
v9 5 2 (4L2 1 a2 2 12Lx 1 6x2) (a … x … L)
24LEI
qa2 qa2
θA 5 (2L 2 a)2 θB 5 (2L2 2 a2)
24LEI 24LEI

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Appendix G Deflections and Slopes of Beams 1049

Table G-2 (Continued)

a0 … x … b
P Px P 2 L
4 v 5 2 (3L2 2 4x 2) v9 5 2 (L 2 4x 2)
48EI 16EI 2
PL3 PL2
δC 5 δmax 5 θA 5 θB 5
48EI 16EI
L L
— —
2 2

P Pbx 2 Pb 2
5 v 5 2 (L 2 b 2 2 x 2) v9 5 2 (L 2 b 2 2 3x 2) (0 … x … a)
6LEI 6LEI
Pab (L 1 b) Pab (L 1 a)
θA 5 θB 5
6LEI 6LEI
a b
Pb(3L2 2 4b 2) Pa(3L2 2 4a 2)
If a Ú b, δC 5 If a … b, δC 5
48EI 48EI

C 3
L2 2 b 2 Pb(L2 2 b 2)3/2
If a Ú b, x1 5 and δmax 5
913LEI

P P Px P
6 v 5 2 (3aL 2 3a 2 2 x 2) v9 5 2 (aL 2 a 2 2 x 2) (0 … x … a)
6EI 2EI
Pa Pa
v 5 2 (3Lx 2 3x 2 2 a 2) v9 5 2 (L 2 2x) (a … x … L 2 a)
6EI 2EI
a a Pa Pa(L 2 a)
δC 5 δmax 5 (3L 2 2 4a 2) θA 5 θB 5
24EI 2EI

M0 M0x M0
7 v 5 2 (2L 2 2 3Lx 1 x 2) v9 5 2 (2L2 2 6Lx 1 3x 2)
6LEI 6LEI
M0L2 M 0L M 0L
δC 5 θA 5 θB 5
16EI 3EI 6EI
13 M0L2
9 13EI
x1 5 La 1 2 b and δmax 5
3

M0 M0x M0
a0 … x … b
L
8 v 5 2 (L 2 2 4x 2) v9 5 2 (L 2 2 12x 2)
24LEI 24LEI 2
M0L M0 L
δC 5 0 θA 5 θB 5 2
L L 24EI 24EI
— —
2 2

M0 M0x
9 v 5 2 (6aL 2 3a 2 2 2L 2 2 x 2) (0 … x … a)
6LEI
M0
v9 5 2 (6aL 2 3a 2 2 2L2 2 3x 2) (0 … x … a)
6LEI
a b
M0ab M0
At x 5 a : v 5 (2a 2 L) v9 5 2 (3aL 2 3a 2 2 L2)
3LEI 3LEI
M0 M0
θA 5 (6aL 2 3a 2 2 2L 2) θB 5 (3a 2 2 L 2)
6LEI 6LEI

(Continued)

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
1050 Appendix G Deflections and Slopes of Beams

Table G-2 (Continued)

M0 M0 M0x M0
10 v 5 2 (L 2 x) v9 5 2 (L 2 2x)
2EI 2EI
M0L2 M0L
δC 5 δmax 5 θA 5 θB 5
8EI 2EI

q0 q0x
11 v 5 2 (7L4 2 10L2x2 1 3x4)
360LEI
q0
v9 5 2 (7L4 2 30L 2x 2 1 15x 4)
360LEI
5q0L4 7q0L3 q0L3
δC 5 θA 5 θB 5
768EI 360EI 45EI
q0L4
x1 5 0.5193L δmax 5 0.00652
EI

q0 q0x
a0 … x … b
L
12 v 5 2 (5L2 2 4x2)2
960LEI 2
q0
a0 … x … b
L
v9 5 2 (5L2 2 4x 2)(L2 2 4x 2)
192LEI 2
L L q0L4 5q0L 3
— — δC 5 δmax 5 θA 5 θB 5
2 2 120EI 192EI

px q0L4 q0L3
q = q0 sin — πx πx
13 L v 5 2 sin v9 5 2 cos
π 4EI L π 3EI L
q0L4 q0L3
δC 5 δmax 5 θA 5 θB 5
π 4EI π 3EI

Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.